[

FM Modulation Equation,Y FM =A C cos 2 π f C t+2 π K f ∫ x ( t ) dt ]

Where,

AC =Amplitude of c arrier signal

x ( t )=Message s ignal
f C =Frequncy of carrier

K f =Frequncy shifting sensitivity or Deviation constent [Hz/V]

∆ f =Frequncy Deviation [Hz]

 F requncy Deviation,∆ f = A m K f
∆ f Am Kf
 Modulation Index,m f = =
fm fm
 Bandwidth, B.W =2 ( ∆ f +f m )