KFXBWBHKH <

Bognrad Vnlrd \bdsins Dcâftrbfns R Adfëobfns

Z\DVDOXKHN ZN\0
  @uko Fkrcns \kiuk Akrqudz0:::96<7;:
  Vkry Koiâcbfk Ikrfák Ikrfbk0:::96<966
  Cuz Hkry Aërqudz Xru`bccn0:::96<2<;
  \dyokchn Fnrrdhnr [ubotdrn0:::96;9;4
 

HNFDOXD0
 Kohrdk Hdc Zbckr 
\bdsin Adfëobfn R Dcâftrbfn
O\F0868<

FN\ZN\KFBÖO TOBWD\VBXK\BK ABOTXN HD HBNV

KHABOBVX\KFBÖO DO VDIT\BHKH R VKCTH DO DC
X\KLK@N
 XKLCK HD FNOXDOBHN

BOX\NHTFFBÜO ......................................................6-8-4
NL@DXBWNV ..............................................................7
ABVBÜO R WBVBÜO HD CK DAZ\DVK .....................9
Z\NFDVNV R KFXBWBHKHDV
HD CK DAZ\DVK ......................................................=

\DD\DFBKV LBLCBNI\KGBFKV ............................2

 BOX\NHTFFBÖO

\BDVINV ADFKOBFNV

CcCnss t rkbdlski`nkhs nardsf ëpoubdfhndso q cucd iskdr hkd rkbgvdkfotk hr dh dck

autkbocbdzrkf obödoi khtdbv dkq sunbplnrds shud strkclukh`,n p prnhr upfkbrdtodh hnd5
fnrtds, doikofmds, klrksbnods, puofbnods, fnotusbnods, prnydffbnods,
ktrkpkabdotn, kpckstkabdotn, fbzkcckabdotn, dtf.
Cns rbdsins adfëobfns kpkrtd hd kgdftkr k ck skcuh hd cns trklk`khnrds, tkalbâo dcdvko cns
fnstds dfnoöabfns hd cks daprdsks, yk qud pdrturlko ck kftbvbhkh cklnrkc, hkohn cuikr k
 lk`ks pnr dogdradhkh d bofkpkfbhkh cklnrkc.
Cns prbofbpkcds rbdsins adfëobfns hdrbvkhns hdc usn hd dqubpns hd trklk`n sno0 fmnquds
fnotrk nl`dtns boaövbcds, incpds, fnrtds, fmnquds fnotrk nl`dtns aövbcds, prnydffböo hd
grkiadotns n pkrtáfucks, ktrkpkabdotns pnr n dotrd nl`dtns y ktrkpkabdotns pnr vudcfn hd
aëquboks n vdmáfucns.
GKFXN\DV HD \BDVIN
 Cns gkftnrds aës bapnrtkotds qud prnhufdo dc rbdsin adfëobfn, y pnr tkotn pudhdo
 prnvnfkr hkûns do ck sdiurbhkh y skcuh hd cns trklk`khnrds, sno cns sbiubdotds0
 Ttbcbzkfböo hd dqubpns hd trklk`n hdgdftunsns hdlbhn k ck gkctk hd akotdobabdotn
 prdvdotbvn y/n fnrrdftbvn hd cns absans.
 Gkctk hd bognrakfböo y gnrakfböo rdcktbvk kc usn,
kcakfdokabdotn y akotdobabdotn hd dqubpns
hd trklk`n k cns trklk`khnrds.
 Fkrdofbk hd rdsiukrhns hd sdiurbhkh do dqubpns hd
trklk`n do cns qud ds odfdskrbn hdlbhn k
ck dxbstdofbk hd pkrtds aövbcds qud supnodo uo
rbdsin
adfëobfn pkrk dc trklk`khnr.
 Gkctk hd mdrrkabdotks hd trklk`n khdfukhks pkrk
fkhk tkrdk y pnr tkotn utbcbzkfböo hd mdrrkabdotks
on kptks pkrk dc gbo hdsfrbtn pnr dc gklrbfkotd.
  On utbcbzkfböo hd dqubpns hd prntdffböo bohbvbhukc
khdfukhns k fkhk tkrdk, tkcds fnan iukotds, ikgks,
dtf.
 Nrhdo y cbapbdzk bokhdfukhns do dc fdotrn
hd trklk`n y fnofrdtkadotd do cns dqubpns hd
trklk`n.  
\BDVIN DCDFX\BFN

Cns kffbhdotds pnr rbdsins dcâftrbfns do dc trklk`n pudhdo tdodr fnosdfudofbks gktkcds pkrk
dc trklk`khnr. Znr dccn ck gnrakfböo y ntrks adhbhks prdvdotbvks sno guohkadotkcds pkrk
dvbtkrcns.
Dc sdftnr bohustrbkc, ds dc qud cbhdrk kûn trks kûn dc rkoeboi hd oðadrn hd kffbhdotds
pnr fnotkftn dcâftrbfn, fuyks fnosdfudofbks pudhdo sdr gktkcds pkrk dc trklk`khnr.

Do snchkhurks kc krfn cns trklk`khnrds dstëo dxpudstns pdrakodotdadotd k

hdsfkriks dcâftrbfks. Idodrkcadotd nfurrdo fukohn cks aëquboks snchkhnrks dstëo do akc
dstkhn n gkctko cks prntdffbnods hbgdrdofbkcds do kcbadotkhnrds dcâftrbfns, sdûkcko do ck
Autukc hd Vdiurbhkh. Khdaës, sufdhdo kffbhdotds fukohn mky uo ncvbhn hd ck fnodxböo k
tbdrrk hd ck aëqubok snchkhnrk, sd trklk`k do znoks fno kiuk n kluohkotd muadhkh y on sd
utbcbzk uo

fkczkhn khdfukhn. Ck gkctk hd dxpdrbdofbk y fkpkfbtkfböo tkalbâo ds uo gkftnr hd rbdsin

bapnrtkotd.
Ck dcdftrbfbhkh pudhd prnhufbr hkûns hd fuktrn anhns0

 Fmnqud dcâftrbfn n dcdftrnfufböo0 uok hdsfkrik rdfnrrd dc fudrpn0 sb ds hd söcn ;:

abcbkapdrbns (aK) yk prdsdotk kciðo pdcbirn, y sb ds hd =: n ;::, pudhd
tdodr rdsuctkhns gktkcds.
 Xkalbâo sd pudhdo prnhufbr fkáhks fno rdsuctkhns anrtkcds fnan fnosdfudofbk hd
uok dcdftrnfufböo.
 Zudhd kftukr fnan gudotd hd biobfböo pkrk vkpnrds bogckaklcds n dxpcnsbvns.
 Khdaës, uok snlrdfkrik hd ck rdh pudhd sdr gudotd hd bofdohbns.

• Do ck akynrák hd cns tkccdrds dc vnctk`d uskhn ds <<: ö 6=: vncts. Dc npdrkhnr hdld
tdodr do fudotk qud dstns sno vnctk`ds kctns, fkpkfds hd bogdrbr irkvds cdsbnods. On mkfdr
oboiðo trklk`n do cns fklcds, botdrruptnrds y fnotrncds, kotds hd hdsfnodftkr ck dodriák.
• Xnhn fbrfubtn dcâftrbfn hdld tdodr uok cáodk k tbdrrk pkrk dvbtkr qud ck pnsblcd
gnrakfböo hd fnrrbdotds pkrësbtks (¾ds fnaðo dc târabon>), prnhuzfk uo fmnqud dcâftrbfn kc
npdrkhnr.
 Ouofk npdrkr uok aëqubok qud on tdoik su cáodk k tbdrrk.
• Do cks aëquboks qud tbdodo hns n aës dsfkcks hd kapdrk`d on ds rdfnadohklcd
dgdftukr fkalbns hd rkoin fukohn sd dstë snchkohn, dstn pudhd prnhufbr hkûns do cks
tkr`dtks hd fnotrnc, u ntrns fnapnodotds.
 • Fukohn ck pnrtk dcdftrnhns on dstë do usn, on hdld sdr hd`khn snlrd ck adsk n do
fnotkftn fno fukcqubdr ntrn nl`dtn qud tdoik uok cáodk hbrdftk k ck supdrgbfbd hnohd sd dstë
snchkohn. Dc pdcbirn do dstd fksn ds qud ck pnrtk dcdftrnhn, do fnotkftn fno dc fbrfubtn k
tbdrrk,
 prnvnqud uo fnrtn fbrfubtn do dc trkosgnrakhnr hdc dqubpn.
 •Dc trklk`khnr on hdld dstkr snlrd uok pnzk, ob tkapnfn trklk`kr do uo cuikr mðadhn.

• Vd rdfnabdohk utbcbzkr zkpktns hbdcâftrbfns fno puotdrk rdgnrzkhk.

K\XDGD\\N
Ck daprdsk qud mdans vdobhn trklk`kohn ds ck dofkrikhk hd ck pckobgbfkfböo, hbsdûn,
suabobstrn d bostkckfböo hd fdrrkabdotn krqubtdftöobfns pkrk adhbkons y irkohds prnydftns.
Tok vdz hdgbon do pcko krqubtdftöobfn cns fnostruftnrds pudhdo tdodr ck trkoqubcbhkh qud
oudstrk daprdsk sd dofkrik hd rdkcbzkr tnhn dc prnfdsn hd bhdotbgbfkfböo hd cns fnapnodotds
hd fdrrkabdotn rdqudrbhn, hbsdûkrcns, fntbzkr sdiðo cks pnsblbcbhkhds hd fkhk nlrk
fnotrktkr do cks fnohbfbnods aës gkvnrklcds, gklrbfkr, hdspkfmkr d bostkckr mkstk su tntkc
tdrabokfböo.
Tok vdz qud dstëo gklrbfkhns cns aurns fnabdozk oudstrn trklk`n hd bostkckfböo
hd0
 lkrkohks pkrk botdrbnr y dxtdrbnr, rd`ks y pnrtnods do kfdrn bonxbhklcd, kcuabobn, mbdrrn
gnr`khn5 fdrrkabdotns do vbhrbns hd sdiurbhkh, pudrtks y vdotkoks do kcuabobn y vbhrbn,
 pudstks fnrtkgudin, pârincks, ikzkpns y anlbcbkrbn urlkon.
 NL@DXBWNV

Nl`dtbvn idodrkc

 Hkr k fnonfdr k cns trklk`khnrds hd ck daprdsk K\XDGD\\N cns tbpns hd rbdsins

dcâftrbfns y adfëobfns k cns qud dstëo dxpudstns

 Bhdotbgbfkfböo hd cks ërdks fno akynr rbdsin dcâftrbfn y adfëobfn

Nl`dtbvns dspdfágbfns
 \dkcbzkr ck bhdotbgbfkfböo hd koëcbsbs hd tkrdks

 Bhdotbgbfkr cns Zrnfdsn sbstdaëtbfn pkrk rdfnonfdr sb dxbstd uo pdcbirn dcâftrbfn y

adfëobfn
 ABVBÖO

Hdskrrncckr, prnhufbr, fnadrfbkcbzkr y hbstrblubr prnhuftns y sdrvbfbns adtkcadfëobfns y hd

adtkcbstdrák (fkrpbotdrák adtëcbfk), hd kctk fkcbhkh, lrbohkohn ksdsnrák tâfobfk
npnrtuok fnogbklcd y pdrtbodotd, pkrk fnotrblubr k qud cks daprdsks n bohustrbks qud sno
fcbdotds oudstrns ad`nrdo sus prnpbns prnhuftns, y ccdiudo k sdr aës fnapdtbtbvns do dc
adrfkhn mkfbdohn aës dgbfbdotds sus prnfdsns prnhuftbvns.

WBVBÖO
Vdrdans uok fnapkûák cáhdr do oudstrn rkan do târabons hd fkcbhkh y fuapcbabdotn do ck
 prnhuffböo y dotrdik npnrtuok hd cns prnydftns fnotrktkhns, sbdohn dstk ck akynr fukcbhkh
 pnr ck fukc snans y sdiubrdans sbdohn rdfnonfbhns fnan uon hd cns ad`nrds do oudstrn
fkapn, do uo kalbdotd qud prnaudvd dc trklk`n do dqubpn, dc ad`nrkabdotn fnotboun y
 lbdodstkr hd oudstrns trklk`khnrds, fno uok kftbtuh prnkftbvk dofkabokhk mkfbk ck sncufböo
hd cks odfdsbhkhds hd oudstrns fcbdotds, fnauobhkh y kalbdotd.
Z\NFDVNV R KFXBWBHKHDV HD CK DAZ\DVK
\dkcbzkr npdrkfbnods lësbfks hd fnostruffböo, anotk`d y rdpkrkfböo (trkzkr, fnrtkr, tkckhrkr,
uobr, sdcckr, cbakr, doskalckr…) hd dcdadotns hd Fkrpbotdrák Adtëcbfk, hd
vncuado
 pdqudûn-adhbn, tkotn gb`ns fnan aövbcds, fno aktdrbkc hd kfdrn, kcuabobn. Ksá absan,
 prdpkrkrë cks mdrrkabdotks y aëquboks pkrk rdkcbzkr uok nlrk oudvk n dc akotdobabdotn
n rdgnrak hd uok yk dxbstdotd, tnhn dccn, sbiubdohn cks bohbfkfbnods dstklcdfbhks n lk`n
ck supdrvbsböo hd pdrsnokc hd akynr obvdc hd fukcbgbfkfböo y ktdohbdohn y rdspdtkohn, do
tnhn anadotn, cks onraks hd sdiurbhkh d mbibdod do dc trklk`n.

Dstk gbiurk sd ulbfk guohkadotkcadotd do cks guofbnods hd gklrbfkfböo, anotk`d y fnotrnc

hd fkcbhkh. Cks tâfobfks y fnonfbabdotns tdfoncöibfns klkrfko dc fkapn hd ck gklrbfkfböo
adfëobfk do idodrkc.

Cns Fnonfbabdotns hd cks fkrkftdrástbfks tâfobfks hd ck gklrbfkfböo adfëobfk y cns

 prnfdhbabdotns hd gklrbfkfböo, botdrprdtkfböo hd pckons y dspdfbgbfkfbnods tâfobfks,

ksá fnan fnonfbabdotn idodrkc hd aktdrbkcds dapcdkhns do ck gklrbfkfböo.

FK\INV R GTOFBNODV

< snchkhnrds

6 sktbokhnrds

< krakhnrds

< pbotnrds

Vnchkhnrds0  dofkrikhns snchkr cks dstrufturks adtëcbfks. Fnan pkskakons, \d`bccks,

Wdotkoks

Vktbokhnrds0 sno cns dofkrikhns hd hkr kfklkhn kcks dstrufturks. Fnan pucbr, cb`kr, Lrbcckr 

Krakhnrds0 sno cns dofkrikhns hd trkzkr fnrtkr y krakr cks dstrufturks. pkrk fukohn hd kmá
 pksk kc snchkhnr pkrk rdsnchkr 

Zbotnrds0 Hkr dc kfklkhn pbotkohn ck dstrufturk adtëcbfk

 \DGD\DOFBKV LBLCBNI\KGBFKV

Fnrtâs Hákz, @nsâ Akrák (<:;6). Vdiurbhkh d mbibdod hdc trklk`n. Xâfobfks hd
 prdvdofböo hd rbdsins cklnrkcds. Xdrfdrk dhbfböo

Ëcvkrdz Mdrdhbk,Lnintë0
Zrbadrk dhbfböo. Grkofbsfn y Gkbzkc
Dfnd IdkIdk, Dorbqudtk (<:;6). Vkcuh Nfupkfbnokc.
Dhbfbnods

Bostbtutn Okfbnokc hd Vdiurbhkh d Mbibdod do dc Xrklk`n. (<:;;). Iuák tâfobfk pkrk ck

dvkcukfböo y prdvdofböo hd cns rbdsins rdcktbvns k ck utbcbzkfböo hd dqubpns hd trklk`n
(<.k dh.). Akhrbh0 BOVMX.