EN 571 Homework 2

Solve the problems in MATLAB Grader (https://grader.mathworks.com/)

February 16, 2021

1. Problem
Determine the free energy change for the two reactions occurring during the phosphorous removal from water
using chemical precipitation. The first reaction is the dissociation of dihydrogen phosphate ion, H2 PO4 ,

H2 PO− 2− +
4 ←→ HPO4 + H ,

and the second the precipitation of monetite, CaHPO4 ,

Ca2+ (aq) + HPO2−

4 ←→ CaHPO4 ,

The standard free energy for each substance is given in Table 1.

Table 1: Standard molar Gibbs energies of formation.

Substances ∆Go , kJ/mol
Ca 2+ (aq) -553.5
H2 PO−4 (aq) 1,094.1
HPO2−4 (aq) 1,302.5
CaHPO4 (s) –1,679.90

Determine the free energy at 35 ◦ C of the precipitation reaction considering the equilibrium constant equal
to 105 .

2. Problem

Determine the heat of the reaction for the formation of gypsum (CaSO4 -H2 O) for the removal of sulfate from
water,

Ca2+ (aq) + 2H2 O + SO2−

4 (aq) ←→ CaSO4 − 2H2 O(s).

The standard molar enthalphy for each substance is given in Table 2.

Table 2: Standard molar enthalphy of formation.

Substance ∆H o , kJ/mol
2+
Ca (aq) -553.20
H2 O -285.82
SO2−
4 (aq) -744.62
CaSO4 -2H2 O(s) -1797.44

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EN 571 Solve the problems in MATLAB Grader (https://grader.mathworks.com/) Homework 2

3. Problem

Determine the equilibrium constant for the reaction of calcite reported below at standard conditions and at
50 and 70 ◦ C.

Ca2+ (aq) + CO2−

3 (aq) ←→ CaCO3 (s),

The standard free energy and enthalphy for each substance are given in Table 3.

Table 3: Standard molar Gibbs energies and molar enthalphy of formation.

Substance ∆Go , kJ/mol ∆H o , kJ/mol
Ca 2+ (aq) -553.5 -543.20
CO2−
3 (aq) -527.90 -675.23
CaCO3 (s) -1129.10 -1207.60

Is the precipitation of calcite favored at higher temperatures?