FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

LABORATORY MANUAL

COURSE BUILDING SERVICES LABORATORY

COURSE CODE ECM 346
LEVEL OF OPENNESS 0
CATEGORY TRADITIONAL LAB
DEGREE OF OPEN ENDED (%) 0
PERIOD OF ACTIVITY
1 WEEK

COURSE OUTCOMES (CO) PO1 PO4 PO9

CO1 Apply the basic knowledge, concepts and principles of operations, safety and
√
control of using electrical and mechanical system in the building. (C6)
CO2 Adapt skills through experiments based on the knowledge, concepts and
principles of operations, safety and control of using electrical and mechanical √
system in the building. (P5)
CO3 Act effectively as an individual and as a member in multidiscipline construction
√
team. (A5)

PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (PO)

Apply knowledge of mathematics, natural science engineering fundamentals and an engineering
PO1
specialization to wide practical procedures and practices.
Ability to conduct investigation on complex civil engineering problems using research-based knowledge
PO4 and research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and
synthesis of findings to provide valid conclusions.
Ability to function effectively as an individual, and as a member or leader in diverse teams and in multi-
PO9
disciplinary settings.

TITLE LAB 1: ILLUMINATION

1 Introduction

The traditional methods of conducting laboratory activities (assigned as

Level 0) will not be able to provide the avenue for students to enhance
independent learning activities and inculcate creativity and innovation.
The traditional method is fully prescriptive where the three elements
namely problem, ways & means and answers are provided/fully given to
the students. However, it is still necessary to be implemented as part of
PREAMBLE
the whole laboratory course activity especially to first and second year
students.
In these laboratory activities, students will be exposed to learn the basic
concepts and principles of various types of lighting and wiring for lighting.

1.2 Objectives
The objective of the laboratory is:

© FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING MJJ/MARCH 2021

FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
LABORATORY MANUAL
To introduce students to the concept, principles and the mechanism of
the lighting in the building.
1.3 Learning Outcomes
At the end of the laboratory activity, students would be able:
1. To explain and discuss the basic concept and principles of the
various types of lighting in the building.
2. Identify the correct equipment used in lighting’s wiring.
3. Work in a group to produce technical report.

1.4 Theoretical Background

The first purpose of lighting is to illuminate. Both natural daylight and
artificial lighting at night should be designed to provide a comfortable
level of illumination for viewing without causing eyestrain or fatigue.
Lighting design involves not only determine the amount of light
required within a space. It also concerned with the location pattern of

the light sources (windows and light fixtures), the distribution and
diffusion of light, and the reflectance of this light off the room’s surfaces
and object within it. The illumination can be measured by using Lux
Meter as shown in Figure 1.0.Difference lighting sources give different
intensity of illumination.

Figure 1.0: Lux Meter

2 Problem Statement

Some problems usually occurred in order to optimize the use of natural

light and minimize the artificial light indoors. The problem includes the
PROBLEM use of the concept of ‘open plan’, the capability of fluorescent lamps
STATEMENT to produce similar luminance with the natural lighting and lack of
understanding from the point of view of architects and engineers to the
problem of energy saving in the building.

Each group is required to study the proper wiring method for lighting in
the domestic building with a single phase electricity supply.
3.1 Apparatus
WAYS & MEANS Lighting and wiring system

© FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING MJJ/MARCH 2021

FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
LABORATORY MANUAL
3.2 Procedures
1. Prepare yourself to obtain information on lighting system in a
domestic building with a single phase electricity supply.
2. Equipment to be observed is all lighting systems including wiring of
lighting available.
3. Identify which part of the building or location of lighting and wiring
system in the building starting from consumer unit.
4. Discuss concept, mechanism and components of lighting and wiring
system.

3.3 Data Acquisition

All data must be presented in the form of picture, diagram, flowchart,
model etc.

4 Results, Analysis and Conclusion

The group is required to submit the technical report of the laboratory

RESULTS
results highlighting the data acquisition process, analysis carried out
and the relevancy of the set-out output to achieve the objective. The
format of the report is left to the creativity discretion of the group.

© FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING MJJ/MARCH 2021