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Prob. 1: Z Compponents of The Total Force Exerted by The
Prob. 1: Z Compponents of The Total Force Exerted by The
Prob. 1: Z Compponents of The Total Force Exerted by The
【範圍】
:第 15 章 電場與電位(一)
Prob. 1
z
Eight charged particles, each of magnitude q, q q
are located on the corners of a cube of edge s s
as shown in figure. (a) Determine the x, y, and q q
Point A
z compponents of the total force exerted by the
q q
other charges on the charge located at point A. s y
What are (b) the magnitude and (c) the q q
direction of this total force? x s
Prob. 2
The arcs of circles with a radius a as shown carry equal and opposite charges λ
per unit length. What is the electric field E at the center of the circle? Let iˆ and ĵ
be the unit vectors along the x- and y-axes, respectively.
a
x
O
Prob. 3
Consider a uniformly charged, thin-walled, right circular cylindrical shell having total
charge Q, radius R, and length . Determine the electric field at a point a distance d
from the right side of the cylinder as shown in figure.
d
R
Prob. 4
A uniformly charge insulating rod is bent into the shape as shown in figure below.
Determine the electric field at point P, assume its line charge density is .
y ( ˆj )
x P
z ( kˆ ) x (iˆ)
Prob. 5
Charge is distributed throughout a spherical volume of radius R with a density
ρ br 2 , where b is a constant. Determine the electric field due to the charge at points
both inside and outside the sphere.
Prob. 6
Figure shows, in cross section, two solid spheres with uniformly distributed charge
throughout their volumes. Each has radius R. Point P lies on a line connecting the
centers of the spheres, at radial distance R/2.00 from the center of sphere 1. If the net
electric field at point P is zero, what is the ratio q2/q1 of the total charge q2 in sphere 2
to the total charge q1 in sphere 1?
R R
P
q1 q2
Prob. 7
In figure, the geometry of a nonconducting material is composed of a sphere of radius
2a centered at the origin and a spherical cavity of radius a centered at y=a on the y
axis. The material has a uniform positive charge density that is not affected by the
electric field. Find the magnitude and direction of the electric field E at (a) y=3a, (b)
y=0 and (c) y a on the y axis.
x
2a
劉宗儒物理習題(二十)詳解
【範圍】
:第 15 章 電場與電位(一)
q2 q2
1. Ans : (a) Fx Fy Fz 1.90 K ;(b) Fe 大小 3.29 K 2 ;
s2 s
1 ˆ ˆ ˆ
(c) Fe 方向
(i j k ) 。
3
Sol : (1)先求 A 點電場:
參考下圖,各電荷在 A 點所建立的電場為:
z
q 2 q
s 1
q q
Point A
3
q q
s y
5 4
q q
x 6 s 7
q ˆ 1
E1 K i (其中: K )
s 2
4 0
q 1 ˆ 1 ˆ q 2ˆ 2 ˆ
E2 K 2
( i j) K 2 ( i j)
( 2s) 2 2 s 4 4
q
E3 K 2 ˆj
s
q 1 ˆ 1 ˆ q 2ˆ 2 ˆ
E4 K 2
( i k) K 2 ( i k)
( 2s) 2 2 s 4 4
q 1 1 ˆ 1 ˆ q 3 3 ˆ 3 ˆ
E5 K 2
( iˆ j k ) K 2 ( iˆ j k)
( 3s) 3 3 3 s 9 9 9
q 1 ˆ 1 ˆ q 2 ˆ 2 ˆ
E6 K 2
( j k) K 2 ( j k)
( 2s) 2 2 s 4 4
q
E7 K 2 kˆ
s
由「重疊原理」得:
7
EA Ei K
q 2 3 ˆ ˆ ˆ
2
(1 2 ) (i j k )
i 1 s 4 9
q
1.90 K 2 (iˆ ˆj kˆ)
s
(2)再求 A 點電荷所受之靜電力:
q2
Fe qE A 1.90 K 2 (iˆ ˆj kˆ)
s
故得:
q2
(a) 各方向分量: Fx Fy Fz 1.90 K
s2
q2 q2
(b) Fe 大小 Fx 2 Fy 2 Fz 2 1.90 K
3 3.29 K
s2 s2
1 ˆ ˆ ˆ
(c) Fe 方向 由座標原點指向 A 點 (i j k )
3
ˆ
2. Ans : EO i。
2 0 a
Sol : dQ ad
1 dQ
dE1 ( cos iˆ sin ˆj ) (cos iˆ sin ˆj )d
4 0 a 2
4 0 a
1 dQ
dE2 (cos iˆ sin ˆj ) (cos iˆ sin ˆj )d
4 0 a 2
4 0 a
dE dE1 dE2 cos d iˆ y
2 0 a
d d
EO 2
dE 2
cos d iˆ
0 0 2 0 a dE
1
ˆ
i x
2 0 a
dE2
3. Ans : E Q
1
1
()
4 0 d 2 R 2 (d + ) 2 R 2
Sol : 取如下圖所示之細圓環微電荷元素:
dE
d
R
x
dx
其中: dQ Q dx
由圓環電場公式: E 1 Qx
() 得:
4 0 ( x R 2 ) 3 / 2
2
1 dQ x Q x
dE () dx ()
4 0 ( x R )
2 2 3/2
4 0 ( x R 2 )3/2
2
由重疊原理得:
Q d x
E dE dx ()
4 0 d ( x R 2 )3/2
2
Q 1 1
()
4 0 d R
2 2
(d + ) 2 R 2
a
4. Ans : EP
1
4 0 x( x a 2 )3/2
2 [( 2) x 2
2a 2 ] iˆ 2ax ˆj
Sol : 參考下圖:
(1) 考慮半圓環部份所建立的電場 :
取微電荷元素,如圖所示,其中:
r x iˆ a sin ˆj a cos kˆ
dQ ad 、 r x 2 a 2 、 eˆ
r x2 a2
1 dQ
由 dE eˆ 得:
4 0 r 2
1 ad x iˆ a sin ˆj a cos kˆ
dE1
4 0 x 2 a 2 x2 a2
1 a
dE1 ( x iˆ a sin ˆj a cos kˆ)d
4 0 ( x a 2 )3/2
2
由「重疊原理」得:
1 a
E1 dE1 [ x( d ) iˆ a( sin d ) ˆj
4 0 ( x a )
2 2 3/2 0 0
a( cos d ) kˆ]
0
1 a
[ x iˆ 2a ˆj ]
4 0 ( x 2 a 2 )3/2
y ( ˆj ) y ( ˆj )
dQ ad
a
a
r dQ dz z
x
x P r P dE2
z ( kˆ ) z ( kˆ )
x (iˆ) x (iˆ)
dE1
(2) 考慮直線段部份所建立的電場 :
取微電荷元素,如圖所示,其中:
dQ dz x sec2 d 、 r x sec 、 eˆ cos iˆ sin kˆ
1 dQ
由 dE eˆ 得:
4 0 r 2
1 x sec2 d
dE2 (cos iˆ sin kˆ)
4 0 ( x sec )2
1
dE2 (cos iˆ sin kˆ)d
4 0 x
由「重疊原理」得:
1
E2 dE2 [( cos d ) iˆ ( sin d ) kˆ]
4 0 x
1 a
(2sin ) iˆ (其中, sin )
4 0 x x2 a2
1 2a
iˆ
4 0 x x 2 a 2
(3) 由(1)(2)合併得知,整個封閉半圓環在 P 點建立的電場:
1 a 1 2a
EP E1 E2 [ x iˆ 2a ˆj ] iˆ
4 0 ( x a )
2 2 3/2
4 0 x x 2 a 2
a
1
4 0 x( x a )
2 2 3/2
[( 2) x 2 2a 2 ] iˆ 2ax ˆj
b 3 bR5
5. Ans : (1)球內: E r ;(2)球外: E 。
5 0 5 0 r 2
Sol : (1) inside the sphere (r R):
取一半徑為 r 之高斯球面,則:
4
Qnec 4 r 2 dr 4 br 4 dr br 5
r r
0 0 5
Q b
E 4 r 2 nec E r 3 <Ans (1)>
0 5 0
0 5
Q bR5
E 4 r 2 nec E <Ans (2)>
0 5 0 r 2
q2 9
6. Ans : 。
q1 8
Sol : (1)考慮 q1 在 P 點建立之電場 E1 :
R q 4 R q
取半徑為 之高斯球面,其中: Qnec 1 ( )3 1
2.00 4 3 3 2 8
R
3
Q
由 E dA nec 得:
0
R q1 / 8 q1 q1
E1 4 ( )2 E1 E1 ()
2 0 8 0 R 2
8 0 R 2
(2)考慮 q2 在 P 點建立之電場 E2 :
3
取半徑為 R 之高斯球面,其中: Qnec q2
2
由 E dA Qnec 得:
0
3 q q2 q2
E2 4 ( R)2 2 E2 E2 ()
2 0 9 0 R 2
9 0 R 2
(3)依題意,令 P 點電場為 0,則:
q1 q2 q 9
E1 E2 2
8 0 R 2
9 0 R 2
q1 8
23 a
7. Ans : (a) y=3a 處之電場大小為 ,方向朝 y 軸正向;
108 0
a
(b) y=0 處之電場大小為 ,方向朝 y 軸正向;
3 0
a
(c) y= a 處之電場大小為 ,方向朝 y 軸負向。
4 0
Sol : 參考下圖:
y y y
E1 E3
A
A A
(3)
(1)
2a
3a a
a
(2) a (4)
O
x O
x O
x
2a 2a E4
B B B
E2
E3
4 32
取高斯面(1),其中: Qnec (2a)3 a3
3 3
32
a3 8 a
由 E dA Qnec 得: E1 4 (3a)2 3 E1
0 0 27 0
4 4
取高斯面(2),其中: Qnec a3 a3
3 3
4
a3 a
Q
由 E dA nec 得: E2 4 a 3
2
E2
0 0 3 0
4 4
取高斯面(3),其中: Qnec a3 a3
3 3
4
a3 a
由 E dA Qnec 得: E3 4 (2a) 2 3 E3
0 0 12 0
4 4
取高斯面(4),其中: Qnec a3 a3
3 3
4
a3 a
Q
由 E dA nec 得: E4 4 a 2 3 E4
0 0 3 0
由「重疊原理」得:
(a) y=3a 處(A 點):
8 a a ˆ 23 a ˆ
EA E1 ˆj E3 ˆj ( )j j
27 0 12 0 108 0
23 a
即:y=3a 處之電場大小為 ,方向朝 y 軸正向。
108 0
(b) y=0 處(O 點):
a ˆ
EO 0 ( E4 ˆj ) j
3 0
a
即:y=0 處之電場大小為 ,方向朝 y 軸正向。
3 0
(c) y= a 處(B 點)
a a ˆ a ˆ
EB ( E2 ˆj ) ( E3 ˆj ) ( )j j
3 0 12 0 4 0
a
即:y= a 處之電場大小為 ,方向朝 y 軸負向。
4 0