JIABOPATOPHA POBOTA No

NEPEBIPKA PIBHAHHA CTAHY L/LEAJIBHOrO TA3Y

MeTa pObOTH: eXcHepHMenTa/bHO nepeBipHtH pibhSHHA
CTany
mea/bhoro razy.
O MANHANHA: chenia/bHa ycTaHOBKa, 6apoMerp, TepMOMETp.

§ 1. ExchepHmenTa/IbhaycTaHOBa
yeTaHOBKa AI9 MPOBEACHHA FOCHiEHD ABJAE COÓOI ABi CK/AHi
üRNiHAPHYHi NOCYAHHA, 3akpineni Ha MTATHBi (Man.1.1). OAHa 3 HAX
HAnOBHEHa rapaYor0 BOAOIO, inITa XOJIONHOIO. LochixyBAHHM Ta30M
3ANOBHIETbCA By3bka AOBra Tpy6ka, 3AKOpKOBaHA 3 OAHOTO KiHuA.3a 40-
COMOrOIO NONVIOK, HAH€CEHHX Ha NOBEPXHIO Tpy6KH B3A0BX ii AOBXHHH,
MOXHa BH3HAUHTH 06'€MM ra3y a60 piAHH Bcepermai Heï.

§ 2. Miah npoBenHHA ekcnepmenty

Okpec/IMO IL/IAH npoBeZeHHA eKcnepHMenTy, TOÓTO BH3HAUMMO, AKi
caMe dishuHi BennYaHH HAMAOli/SHime OTHMATH NOAMHMM
BHMipioBAHHAMM, a aki NOTiM 064MCINTH, UL06 JOCATTH METH uicï POOTH;
BH3HAYMMO TAKOK, AK i y akin nOCi/OBHOCTi Cin BHKOHATH noTpioni
BHMIpIOBAHHA TA AKHM BHMOTAM MAHOTb 3AMOBO IbHATH 06' EKT EKCHEPHMER-
Ty Ta ymobh npOBeIeHA LOC/I IKeb.
PiBHAHHA CTaky ineabHoro rasy (pibhsHha MeHreeBa-Knaneä-
pORa), AK MH 3HAEMO, MAE BATAAn
(1.1)
DV = "RT,
pe
Me p THCK ray; V, m, M, T - 06'EM, Maca, MOJApHa Maca Ta TEMNE-
parypa ray; R MOJIApHa ra30Ba crana.
IpoaHani3yEMO piBHAHH9 (1.1). Tak, AKI0 CK/Ian ra3y (MOJApHa
Mac .) i Moro Maca HE3MiHHi, TO Le piBHAHHA MO›HA 3ANMCATH y BHI/ALi

pl = const. (1.2)

A LIE 03Ha40€, DIO 3MIHA OAHOTO 3 napaMeTpib CMpMUMHI0C OIHOVACHO

3Mihy we npHami AK0ÏCb OLHIEÏ 3 BE/MUMH, AKMMH BH3HAYACTbCA CTAH
llboro ray.
3BMVANHO, MM MOr/IM 6 CILIAHYBATH HAme AOC/iAEHHA TAKHM CNO-
CO6OM. MoXHa 3adicyBATH OAMH AKHÄCb napamerp 06 eM, TeMnepa-
Typy a60 THCK - I RMMipHTH B3ACMO3A/ICXHiCTb ABOX iNWIHX BE/THUHH. Are
Toni MI NOCAINXCHHA 6yA Tb nepeBipKORO He 06' CAHAHONO, AK Moro we Ha-

4
3MBAIOTb, 3aKOHY ra3OBOTO CTAHy, a horo OKpeMMX BuNA/KiB: 3akonis
BIANOBIAHO Illap/is, BoMis-Mapiorra Ta Fei-JIroccaka. OTxe, Hami
LOCHiAKEHHA NOTpiHO CILIAHYBATH TAK, 106 MaTh 3Mory BH3HAYNTH ON-
HOYACHO yci Tpm napaMetpu cHiBBi/HOLLIEHHA(1.2) i nepeKOHaTHCE
Moro cnpaB/*yBAHOCTi nIpM KiJbKOX ÏX 3HA4CHHAX.
OUBNAHO, IIO, HAJIMBAIOUM y nocyAhHM, 3akpin/exi HA MITATABI, BO-
Ay (a60 iany pignhy) BMiLyIOuM TYAU Tpy6ky 3 AOC/i/XYBAHMM ra30M,
MOHa 3a mONOMOrOFO TepMomerpa, oÓTO NpAMMM BAMIpIOBaHHAM, BM3-
HaUnTH TeMnepaTypy ray npuHaÑMHi MVIA ABOX BHNAAKIB (A/IA ABOX 3Ha-
yeHb Temnepatypu ra3y) . 3miky 06'eMy ray MOXHa 6y,10 6 BH3HA4NTH 3a
BE/HYUHOlO nEpeMILIEHHA B3IOBX Tpy6KM JErKO pyXOMOTO NIODMIHA, AKINO
3AKPHTH HMM HE3AKOpKOBAHNÄ KikeLD Tpy6KM. TaKaM NOpulHeM MOXe
CJIH/KMTH Kpan1a pryri, Macna a60 ¡HMOÏ PIAHHA. OTXe, IS VACTHHA 3agavi
DO3B'A3LETBCS MpocTO. BpaxoByIOUM, WO Tpy6ka nporpanynobaha caMe y
OAMHALAX 06'eMy, 06'eM razy MOXHa 3HANTH TAKOX AK peyIbTaT mpg-
MOrO BUMIDIOBAHHA.
TAKMM 4MHOM, MOKH MIO 3A/MIACTHCA HED03B A3AHOI0 JIMMIE 3a1a4a
BH3HAVEHHS TuCKy ray. Haunpoctime BUMIPATH THCK MAHOMETPOM. 3BM-
YanhO, Tpeóa 6yre p03R 93ATM 3anaYy npuBeneHHS ñoro AO CTAHY TETUIOBOI
piBHOBarM 3 ra30M y Tpy6ui. Bearaxi He He TaKa B›e A BelIMKa npob/neMa,
ane ›K Hiskoro MAhOMeTpa AJI9 BHKOHAHHA uiei pobOTH y HalloMy po3N0-
PSAKEHHi HeMa€. Moxe, 3ACTOCLEMO JUA Lboro 6apometp (BiH-60 € y Ha-
mOMy po3nopa xenHi)? Are AaBañTe NOMipKyeMo, UM He 3a6araTO KJIO-
NOTy MM MATHMEMO ÷ Y 1b0MY BananKy? Moxe, yce * TAKH € npOcTimHä
BapiaHt?
IparazaNMo, 110 caMe 3ANAAHa (3AKpHTA THM Xe KOpKoM!) 3 OHOTO
KinUA Tpy6ka € OCHOBHOIO METAJUIIO pi/nHoro bapomerpa...
OTXE, BH3HAYHTM TACK y rpy6ui Mu MOKEMO Aye MpocTo: 3a 70-
NOMOTOIO CAMOÏ x uiei rpy6ka!
OueBMIHO, AKIO MM Bi3bMEMO 3a BuXiNHUA CTAH Harpitoro rasy y
Tpyoui, TO NOM 3HMXEHHi Moro Temnepatypu BIANOBITHO JO BI/OMMX HAM
CHiBBi/HOmED MOJIEKYJIAPHO-KiNETHYHOÏ Teopii

p=0 < 12 > = En < We> = nkT

THCK Iboro rasy TAKOX 6yAe 3MEHW BATHCb (3BMVANHO, 3a YMOBH
n = const).

3ABJAHHA A: HABBITH NOC/IXOBHO Di3HUHI BETHUMHA, SKi BXO/ATb LO

HABEFEHMX CHiBBiNHOWIEHb.

A IIO IPM UbOMY BIMBYBAETLCA 3 OB'EMOM TA3Y:

3BIJbIIYBATUMETICA BIH 4M 3MEHLYBATHMETECA?

2 4-1564

5
 3 MATEMATHUHOÏ (OPMH CHiBBiMHOMIEHHA (1.2) BHI/IMBaE, IlI0 THCK ¡
remnepatypa MOxyTb 3MCHWyBATHCb OMHOYACHO TAK, WO 06'EM
ra3y Moxe
SK 3AJIMWATHCb HE3MiHHHM, TaK i 3MCHM BATHCb a60 36imbly BATACH
Alu9 OTpMMAHHA BiNNOBiXi Ha NOCTAB/IEHE 3ANMTAHHA
PORTIAHeMO
urinApHuhy nocyAMHy, 3aKphty 3 OAHOrO 60ky JerKopyxomhm
NOpWHeM
(May. 1.2). Ocki/lbKh nopweHb nepe6yBac B CTaHi piBHOBarM, TO TACK ray
BCepeIMHi NOCYAMHM AOpIBHIOE aTMOCePHOMy. KOAM BHACHIIOK 3HHXCAPS
remnepaTypn TACK ra3y B NOCyIMHi [TOuRE 3M€HM BATHCb, TO nia giero
atmoccephoro ThCky nopIehb 6yne nepemimyBATHCb BCePeAMby NOCYAM-
HM AOTH, NOKM TUCK ra3y 3HOBy He 3piBHACTbCS 3 aTMOCDePHAM.
OTxe, SKIlO MA, HarpiBmIM ra3 y Tpyoui, Tpox 3ahypHMo ïl HAXHiä
KikEub y XOJIOAHY BOAY, TO TON 06'EM BOAM, AKMÄ ybinze BCepeAnHy rpy6-
KM aKpa3 i 6yxe BizirpaBaTH po/b HOpIng. A ue 03Haya€, wI0 y npoueci.
OXO/10IXEHHA ra3y B Tpy6ui MONO THCK, OTXe, i 06'€M, 6yAyTb 3MeHmyBa-
TACA i nix micro atmoccephoro THCKy BOLa NIAHIMETbCA HA NEBHy BHCOTy
hi y Tpy6ui (Man.1.3).

3ABaHHA 5: 306pa3iTb BeKTOpHy AiarpaMy CHA, AKi AiROTb y nepepizi

AA' cXeMM, NoKa3AHOi Ha MA/. 1.3,a, y piBHOBAXHOMy craHi. 3anmir
BIANOBITHE pIBHAHHA y BeKTOpHiM popmi i y npoekuiï Ha BepTHKa/lbhy
BiCh.

BukoHamn 3ABAAHHA B? Tenep nOXi/iTH OTPHMAHe CHiBBiAHOWICHHA

HOY/ICHHO Ha mIomly nonepeumoro nepepi3y Tpy6Kn Bh OTPMMACTE TaKe
piBHAHHA:

P2 + p g hi = Pa
(p - ryCTMHA BOAM).
3BiCH, 3HAlOWM ATMOCDEPHMA TACK Pa (OCb AJ19 HOTO HAM NOTPiGHMA
6apomerp!) BHmipaBmn hy, a TAKOX B3ABWIM 3 AOBiAHHKiB SHAYCHHA ry-
CTHHH BOOM npM AAHi# Temnepatypi, MOXEMO BM3HAUMTH P2.
Hepw HIX P03N04ATM MOCTIAXEHHA, nomipKyeMo Hay LEAKHMM MM-
TAHHAMA.

No-nepwe, n04nHaIoYn 3 AKOTO MOMEHTY MM MO›eMO BBAXATM,

WO ra3 y rpy6ui npoxo.10gHila BOga BXe nepe6 BAROTb y
piBHOBA>HOMy CTaHi? Anxe TeN./1006MIH MiX HMMH BiAOYBACTICa He-
pe3 HCBC/INKy //IOWy 3AHypemoï y BOMi Tpy6KH 3 rA30M, TOÓTO MOCHTb
NOBi/bHO; BIANORINHO NOBiAbHO byAe 3MIHIOBATHCb TeMmeparypa BOAN
y nocyAnni. BHAcHIAOK I bOTO MM MOXEMO AIñTH BICHOBKy, UIO CaCTeMa
y›e nepcoysac y piBhoBAXHomy CTaHi, xoya HacnpaBai uboro we He-
Mac. OuCBMIHO, nOTpiÓHO 361/1bWMTH nomy, ucpe3 aky Bi/OyBaCTbCA
303H3WCHMA TENJOOOMIH, TO6TO 3AHypHTM rpyOky y BOA UinKOM
(Mad. 1.3,6). A aK 3MiHMTbCA TIpM ILbOMy p03 paxykoba (popmyna?

6
 3ABMAHHA B: BHKOHaNTE TaKe CAMe, 1L0 ü y 3ABAAHHi 5, ale AJiSi
nepepiay BB' (Ma.1.3,6).

BauMMo, mo dopMyna cupaBli 3MiHMACG, HAGyBIIM BURMAAY

P2 = Pa + p g h,
npayomy 3a yMOBM, MO 3aKopKoBaHMA KiHeub Tpy6km nepe6yBae Ha pibhi
BOUN y nocyAnHi.

3ABIAHHA F: OTpHMaïTe po3paxyhkoby popMyny 4/19 BunagKy, KOMM

3AKOPKOBAHHA KiHelb Tpy6KM MiCTHTBCA HA TAMÓnHi H BiA NOBepXHi BOAL.

No-apyre, AKIIO MH YBAXHO pO3NVIAHEMO Ta6/INUIO, y AKiN HABO-

AATbCA 3HAYCHHA TYCTHHM peYOBHH, TO NO6A MMO, MO Mi MAHi HABO-
JATbCA AJA NEBHAX 3HAYeHb Temneparypu i aTMOC¢epHOrO THCKy. OT-
Xe, AJA TOrO M106 Hami BHMipIOBAHH$ 6y An 6i/IbmI TOYHMMM, nOTpióHo
a60 3HAÜTH MOBIAHUK, y AKoMy HABOJATECA 3HAYCHHA TYCTMHM BOMM
npu pi3HMX 3HA4CHHAX TeMneparypm, a60 CILIAHYBATH Hame
AOC/iAKEHHA TAK, 1006 KiHIeBa Temneparypa BOA y Apyrin NOcyAMHi
BiAnOBiIaJA TOMy 3HAYEHHIO, MpH AKOMY BuMipAHO ryCTMHY BOMM, Ha-
BeACH y Ta6/Hui. Ina uboro, OVEBMIHO, AOuibHime oApa3y B3ATH
BOA y Apyriù NOCyAnHi npm uiñ TeMnepaTypi, nphyomy y Takin
Ki/IbKOCTi, 1106 Maca l 3HAuHO nepeBBa/la Macy TpyOKH 3 ra30M.
Tori 3MihOIO ïl TeMnepatyp y. npoueci oxO/101 KEHHA TpyOKM 3 Ta30M
MOXHa 6yAe 3HEXTYBATH.
Ane AKIIO Bu BCe X TAKH CKOPMCTACTECA BIANOBiAHMM AOBINHHKOM,
TO NobaunTe, MO rycThHa BOTH y xiana3oHi KiMHATHUX Temneparyp
3MIHIOCTbCA HEICTOTHO. NoxHOKa, AKa BHAMKa€ yepe3 Te, ILI0 He BpaXOBaHO
U,IO 3ATEKHiCTb, € HaGaraTo MEHIUOIO 3a noxHOky, 3yMOBJIEHY BHMipIo-
BAHHAM TeMIepaTypu Ta 06'€My. OTXe, MO›KEMO 3pOÓHTH BHCHOBOK:
XONOAHY BOA MOXEMO 6paTh npmKiMHATHiä TeMIeparypi, 3MiHQHO
ï rycthhn np AeaKoMy: NiMBHICHHi TeMnepatypH BHAc/IAOK OXO/OLEH-
HA Y HiM Tpy6kM 3 ra30M y AaHOMy AOChinXeHHi MO eMO 3HEXTYBATH, a
MIA po3paxyHKiB B3ATM CTaHJapTHe TA6/MYHE 3HAYCHHA TyCTHHH BOAH
273 K MA
(AKE, A0 peui, jerKo 3 NAM'ATOBLETbCA: npa remnepatypi
1000 Kr/M').
MpicHOÏ BOAM 3HAYCHHA rycthHn BOTH CTAHOBHTb
Ca3ake CTOCHETbCA TAKOX 3A/EXHOCTi TYCTMHM BOAM BiA 3HAYCHHA
ATMocoepHoro THCKy.

Ho-TpeTE: AKhü came ra3 /OuibHime B3ATH AJA LUX AOC/MILKeHL?

3okpema, nermmit uM BAX4Mü 3a nobirps? Are x caMe nOBiTpa
Le
cymim ra3iB 3 pi3HORO MOnEKy/IMpHOIO MACOIO. OTxe, y npoueci
Makiny/suit, sKi MM 6LACMO pOÓNTH 3 TpyOKOI0, MOX/IMBE npinahmhi
7
2*
 YaCTKOBe nepemimyBahHa rasy y Tpy6ui 3 HOBITPSIM,
TOYHICTH AOC/iAXEHb. Ino
3 Ra
HomipkyiMo: A AKII(O 3A TAKUM TA3 B3ATU
MOBITP92
Le HE OTHH SIKHiCb OtHopizHnA raa, a, sI
Ane X nOBiTpA
cyMim ra3iB. Un He BILINHE le Ha MM
323HA4M/IM, pesy/IbTaT Be
JOc/i/IXeHb? Halle
WI06 BiANOBICTH Ha He 3ANNTAHHA, mparamaeMo 3AKOH
napiia/bhoro THCKy raziB.
Aa/b roman

3rinHO i3 UMM 3AKOHOM AJIA KO›HOrO 3 ra3iBcyMimi MOHa

da maca.
TM:

. "]RT:
p'iV=r/t 1

P',V= 2RT,
f2
. BiANOBIAHO, BpAXOBYI04M, WO
p'1 + p'2 + :.. = p2,
OTPHMYEMO

P2V E
mi m2
RT,
P4 1 442

UIO 03Haya€, MO and e MIA cymimi raziB MA MACMO CHIBBINHOMIEHHA, aKE

Biznopizae 3a gopMORO (1.2):
pY = const.
T
§ 3. MigrotoBka IO BHKOHAHHA DObOTH

O3HaÑOMTeCh 3 YCTAHOBKOKO. [inrotyäte Ta6/MIKO AVIA 3anHcy pe-

3yMbTaTiB BMMipIOBAHb Ta 064MC/TEHb 3a NIONAHOO HM›K E dOpMOIO.

103 Ila T, °C T, K r - py/T

Can razy p, MM pT. CT. V, MY

§ 4. BHKORAHHA pOGOTH. 06po6ka excrepHMeHTa/bHHXAaHhA

06'eMy
1. Bu3HANTe 06'M Tpy6KM. Lle i € Baxiqhn 3HAWCHHAM
noBiTps.
8
 2. 3a NOKa3aMM 6apomerpa BH3HauTe aTMOcoepHä THCK. lIe €
BHXi/HMM 3HAYEHHAM THCKy noBirpa y rpyoui.
3. OnycriTb TpyOky BIAKpHTHM KiHLeM AOrOpH y nocyanhy 3 rapx-
voro BONOIO i sauekaïte, NOKM TeMueparypa BOAH Y NOCyAMHi ycTa/InTbCA;
mph IboMy Temneparypa NoBirpa y Tpy6ui AOpibhioBaTHMe TeMnepaTypi
BOAH. Bory y NOCYAMHi NOTPIÓHO nepeMiYBATH. BuMipaüre TeMepaTypy
BOTH 3anwiTb OTPHMANE 3HAYEHHA.
4. 3akphüte KOpKOM OTBip TpyOKM, BHAMIT» Ïl 3 HOCYAHHH 3 rapayoo
BOTOIO, nepeBepHiTb AOropH AHOM, onycriTb y XOJOAHY BOAY 1 B›E Y BOLI
Biakphire orBip. Onyckante rpy6ky AOTH, NOKH ¡ï 3aKopKOBaHMä KikELb
HE ONHHHTHCA Ha pibhi BOTH y NOCYAMHi.
5. 3a 3-5 XB TeMIepaTypa NOBiTpa y rpyoui y Ha6yAe Temnepatyph
BOAM y uh NOCyAMHi, HACTHHA BOIM 3 Heï zaïre Bcepeanky TpyOKH.
Bamipaüte BICoTy MOBITPAHOTO CTOBnYHKa y Tpyoui.
6. I JIS KOXHOTO 3 UHX IBOX CTAHiB BM3HAuTE A06YTOK THCKY Ha 06' EM
i posinitb Ha 3HAYCHHA a6CO/KOTHol TemnepaTypH.
7. BM3HAUTE BIHOCHY Ta a6Co/IoThy Nox6kM BHMiproBaHb 3a pop-*
MYJAMH BIANOBIAHO

Ar Ap Av + AT
v
€:
r P.
Ar = Er,
Je Ap, Av, AT - a6CO/TIOTHi NIOXHÓK BUMIPIOBAHHA BIANOBiTHMX BE K-
4HH.
8. HopibHAÄTE a6COJIIOTHi NOXH6KM BH3HAYCHHA r AJa 060x CTAHiB
noBirpa. 3po6iTb BHCHOBKM NO poóori.

coo 5. KOHTPOMbHi 3ANHTAHHA

1. 06uxcriTb p1 V1/T 1 Ta p212/T2, B3SBIIM OLMHMIERO TeMnepatypa

rpaxyc He/bcia. NopiBHAÄTE OTPHMAHI 3HAYCHHA. 3p06iTb BHCHOBKM.
2. Loc/inn 3 Tpy6K010 6i/bIloro y MENIONO BHyTpimHboro Aiamerpa
AaAyTb 6i/bmI TO4HHÄ pe3yjbTaT BHmiproBaHb?
3. HiABMMIMTbCA uu Hi TOYHICTE BHKOHAHHA AOC/IiAXEHb, AKINO B3ATH
Tpy6ky (i BIANOBIAHO NOCYAHHH 3 BONOIO) Gi/bIOl KOBXHHH? HoMy?
4. 36 /IBMIT5CA HM 3MEHMMTBCA TOUHICTH AOC/IAXEHb, AKILO ANA
bhMiprobahHA Temnepatyph BHKOPMCTATH 6i AbmHA 3a po3mipaM TepMo-
METP, a/e 3 TICIO X LIHOO NOMI/KH? HoMy?
5. Un 36i/bUIMAcb 6M TOUHICTb BHMipIOBAMb, AK6M Tpy6ka 6yna He
3AKOpKoBaHa 3 OAHOTO KIHUA, a ra3 y Hiä 3 060x 60kis 6yB 6u 3aKpHTHA
PyXOMMMM NOPWHAMM (KpArAMM piAHHM)? BianoBinb oorpyHTyüre.
6. 30 /bIMTA UM 3MCHUMTECA BHyTpimHiM 06 CM rpyOkH nip ne-
penceHHi ïl 3 raps40ï BOXH y XO/IONHy!
3 - 4-1564 9
 7. BRAXAIOUM, ILIO koediuieHT MiniMHoro pOsHIMpenHa
CkJia
NITS 9,0 • 10- K-1. OLLINITH BiAHOCHy 3mihy BHyrpinboro 06' cMy Tano.
PRAc/INOK 3MINN M niNIANAX poamipia y npobexehoMy BaMn TPy6KA
eKCHepuMenA
I lopinhaÄte OTDAMAHE 3HAYCHHA 3 CARe PhMeHri.
Bi/THOCHOIO HIOXHOKOIO
10K/HINKEHb. Un Bapro spaxoByBaTH TeN TORe posuMpeHHA TPyÓKA y LLOMy AaRhy
exchepHMeNTi?
8. Ba3hayTe MOJApHY Macy noBirpa aa ycepenHehmm MACOBHM
BmiCTOM y HbOMy a30Ty - 80%, KACHIO SARCOBMM
16%, ABOOKACy ByrnELLO-
4%.
9. BMX0A9YH 3 Toro, 3'40 cepenha-rycThha noBitpa 3a HopMA/bHAY
MOB CTAHOBHT5 1,29 Kr/m° BH3HaVTE Macy noBirpa y Tpybui, KO/IM BOHa
nepebyBana B OXO/TOAXEHOMY CTAHi.
10. Ha OCHOBi BignobixeM Ha 3ANHTAHHA 8 Ta 9 oLiHiTb 3HAYCHHG
MOJISPHOÏ ra30BOÏ cranoï.
HopibhANTe OTHMAHE 3HAYCHHA 3 Ta6/MUHAM.
IlpoaHaniayüre MOX/IMBI MULAXM NIABMWEHHA TOYHOCTiBh HAYCHHO
Bamn uici cTa/Toï.
11. Ha OCHOBi BinoBineñ Ha 3ANMTAHHA 8 Ta 9:
a) RH3HAYTE KiMbKiCTb peYobMhM y Tpy6ui min yac BHKOHAHHA
AOC/iAy;
6) OLLIHITH 3HAVEHHA CTA/OÏ ABoraApo;
B) nopibhaÄTE OTpMMaHE 3HAYCHHA 3 Ta6/MUHMM;
r) npoaHani3yÄTe MOXIMBI ILIAXH NIABHIIEHHA TOYHOCTI BH3HAYEH-
HA Lici CTA/Oi 3a MOB pakoro ekchephmehty;
A) OLiHiTb Ki/bKiCTb OKpeMMX YACTHHOK ra3y B 06' Mi TpyKH.
12. CampaI04MCb Ha BixnOBinI HA 3ANNTAHHA 8 Ta 9, BH3HaYTE 3miay
BHyTpimIHbOï CHeprii NOBiTpA y IaHOMy ekcnepHMenTi.
13. Kyan "AiBACTbCA" Ten/OBa CHepria Tpy6KM i NOBITPA, KOIM CH-
CTeMa nepex0/nTb 40 piBHOBA›HOrO CTAHY Y XOJIONHIA BOXi?
14. 3anponokynTe CXemy NpoBeACHHA AOC/iAy 3 METOIO CKCITEPMMER-
TAJbHOTO BH3HAYCHHA TYCTHHM nOBiTpa 3a NEBHMX 3HAVeHb aTMocqephoro
ThCKy TemnepaTypn.
15. 36i/bUIMTECA UM 3M HIUNTECA BIMipaHe BaMM 3HAYCHHA ryCTHHH
noritpa np BUKOhaHHi AOC/tiAehHA 3a 11.14, Aki0 BOSTOriCTb NOBiTpA
36 i/bWATbCS?
16. Y ABITb, W0 Apyrnü UNTIHAP 3ANOBHEHMA HE BOMORO, a ra30M, TEM-
upurinapi.
neparypa akoro TaKa cama, AK i TeMnepatypa BOAM y lIbOMy
Homy y ubomy pa3i 6yne AOpiBHIOBATH BUCOTA CTOBNYMKA NoBiTpa y
Tpyoui?
17. 36iM bUIMTbCa UM 3MCHUMTECA BuCOTa nOBiTPAHONO CTOBIunKa y
Tpyoui, SKA MICTATbCH y XONOAHIA BOXI, AKI0 B Liñ Boni po34MHHTH NEBHY
KimbkicTb KyXOnHOï coni?
18. Otpumaïre popmyny HUTS po3paxyHky THCKy B Tpy6ui A/lA PM-
DVXACTbCA
NaKy, KONM BI BHKOHYCTe AOC/iAXCHH% y midri, AKMÄ
pistonpuckopcho Bropy 3 npucKopeHHam 4,9 M/ c4.
10
 19. [puNyCTHMO, WO Tpy6ky He 3AKOpKOBAHO, a 3AKpaTo
XOMMM NOpIIHEM MACOIO 30 nerKo py-
r, AKmA Ha nepmomy erani AOChiAKeHHA (y
rapquin BoXi) sakpin/eHo y HepyxoMOMy BigHOCHO Tpy6kM CTaHi. KOIn
Tpyoky nepeHec/H y xo/lothy BOAy, nopmeHb 3akpinm/M. Akon 6yxe y
ubomy pa3i dopmyna M/19 po3paxyhky Thcky noBirPa?
20. Orphmate po3paxyHKoby popmyny A/IA BHNAAKY, KO/IM Ty caMy
rpy6ky Bu BMimycTe y KIBeTy 3 XO/IONHOTO BOJOIO TOPH3OHTA BHO?
21. 3 MiAHO i3 3AKOHOM BceCBiTHBOrO TAXIHHA Mix MONEKyJAMM
NOBITDA AIROTH CMAIH B3AEMHOTO TAXIHHA: AK 3MiHHBCs 6 THCK noBirpa y
HAmIOMy AOC/iAXENHi, AKM10 6 uiCHUM. panTom 3HHK/H? BignoBiAb 06rpyH-
Tyäre.

KOPOK
Tpy dra
Fox. y, UM N It
80.4916

Mar.!.2

f|TATIO

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 JABOPATOPHA POBOTA No 2

BH3HAYEHHA VHIBEPCAJIbHOI TA3OBOY C'TAJIOY

Meta poboTh: excepHMenTa/IbHoM3HaNHTH yHiBepCa/IbHy1'430By
Ha OCHOBIpibhAHha MenACIceBa-Knaneüpona.
CTaJy
§ 1. Ian npoBenehha eKcriepnmenty
HOTpiÓHo CK/ACTH NAH MpOBCACHHA eKcnepMenTy. A nALIbOrO He-
06xinHO BU3HAUMTH CRiBBiJHOWICHHA, HA OCHOBI SIKOTO OLAEMO I POBOIHTE

NOCAICHHA, npoana/i3yBATM, AKi 3 BEJMYUH, IIIO JO HbOTO BXONATh,MY

OTPHMACMO NIPAMMMM BHMIpIOBAHHAMN i y aKMü came croci6. IorpióHO Ta-
KOX BM3HAWHTM, AKE 06 NANHAHHA HaM notpibHe bad • AKOIO Mac byTH
HOC/TIMOBHICTb HALUX Lin npM BHKOHAkHi ekcnepumehty.
CribBinHOWCHHA, Ha OCHOBI AKOrO CHIA BAKOHyBATH AOCHIIXeHHA,
3AMAHO METOIO POGOTH. TOMy BMpA3MMO MOJApHY ra30BY cTaly 3 PIBHAHR9
MeH/eneCBa-Knanenpona:

R _pmVu
T
3ABJAHHA A: NoiMEHyNTe BeIMUMHn, SKi BXOASTb y ILE CITIB-
BiAHOmEHHA. Y AKMX OAHHHIAX BOHN BMMipOIOTbca (y CACTEMi CI)? 3a
9KMX YMOB 3AKOHM inea/bHOTO ra3y MOXHa 3ACTOCOBYBATM AO pea/bHux
raziB?

3BHYAÑHO, HaM/erwe MM MOXEMO BHMipATH TeMneparypy rary,

OCOÓJ1MBO SKIIO NPOBOAHTH AOC/iACHHA npu KiMHATHiA Temnepatypi.
(TOOTO
Toxi 3a ÿMOBM TENJIOBOï piBHOBarM ra3y i3 cepegobhulem
KiMHATHMM NOBITPAM) MO›HA BHKOPMCTATH AJIA LbOrO KiMHATHMA Tep-
MOMETp. OTXe, 3HAY HHS TeMnepatypm ra3y orpHMACMO npSMHM
BHMipIOBaHHAM.
aKiM BIH
06'€M ra3y BM3HAYA€THCA 06' MOM NOCyAWHM, B
MICTATECA. LIe O3HAMAC, MI0 06'EM ra3y MM 3AMACMO caMi, B3ABLUM NO-
BM3HAYMTH,
CyAMHy, 06'EM NKOÏ BIZOMNA. Noro, HanpaKnaA, MOXHa
HA/MBAIO4M B NOCYAMHY BOAY 3a MOnOMOrOIO MipHOrO Lu/iHApa. Mox-
HA TAKOX B3ATM ye Bigka/iopobahy nocyanky. Ocki/bKn Kani6poBKa
N BHKOHYBA/ACb TAKMM CAMMM CROCOÓOM, TO y 6yAb-AKOMy 3 LIMX BM-
mankie MOXHA BBAXATM, LILO BHAYCHHA 06' cMy ra3y € pe3yJIbTATOM
np%Moro BumipROBaHHa.
BHMIDIOBAHHAM,
TACK ray TaKOX MOXHa BH3HAWHTH npAMMm
npucihariun nocyAnhy AO KOrOCb MaHOMeTpa.
12
 Ipu LIBOMy NOTpiÓHO BHKOPACTOBYBATH 3'eAH BAJIbHI eJeMeHTH
(rpy6KH). Orxe, chiA a60 cKopHryBaTH panime BA3HAVCHÄ 06'eM rasy,
AOXABWM JO 06 €My NOCyAMHM BHyTpimHiM 06' €M 3'CAHYBAJIbHUX Tpy60k,
a60 B3ATH Tpy6KH 3 HACTi1bKM MAJMM BHyTpimHiM 06' MOM, MO6 HHM
MO›Ha 6y,10 3HEXTyBATH NODiBH$HO 3 06'€MOM NOCyAMHH (a60 3 vicio ca-
MOI METOIO 3AMiHWTH NOCyAHHy Ha 6i/Ibmy).
TaKMM UNHOM, BHMA/bOByETbC& TaKa cXema npoBexens excnepu-
MEHTy. Mo Bi/KAVAHOÏ XO HEXTOBHO MAJOTO THCKy NOCYAMHM BNOpCKyeTbCA
AKaCb KiMbKiCTb ra3y BiOMOÏ MACH (MOnApHa MACa SIKOTO TAKOX BixOMa) .
[pami 'BHMipioBaHHA Tenepatypn, 06 cMy THCKy pa30M 3 UMMM ABOMA
napametpaM Aal0Tb 3Mory 064MC/IMTH MO/IMpHy ra30By CTaJY, 4M He TAK?
-3BHuaNHO, AOBCAETHCA TAKO›K BpAXyBaTH 06'EM BizKayyBa/IbHOrO Hacocy,
DO3B'93ATH NITAHHA TepMeTHYHOCTi CHCTEMM BrOpCKyBAHHA Ta 3'€AHAHb.
Tenep, KOJIM MM MOXEMO CKa3ATH, MO 3 6i/b IONO UM MEHLIOO BUT-
paToIo 3yCM/Ib MO/KHa eKcnepMMEHTA/IbHO BMMipATH yHiBepca/ibHy ra30By
CTAIY, NOCTABHMO 3ANMTAHHA, SKe, B3arani KAXy4M, MAE CTATH AJIA HaC
TpaqMuinHMM:

A HM HE MOKHA BUKOHATH UI AOCJIKEHHA

IPOCTIQUE?
La LbOrO NOTpi6Ho npoaHa/i3yBATH, AKHä etan BIKOHAHHA excre-
pHMëHTY € HAMbi/bLU CK/A/HMM a60 Haü6i JIbILI TPyAOMICTKHM. y Aahomy
BANAAKY TAKHM € eTAN BiNKAYYBAHHA NOCYAMHM 40 HM3bKOrO THCKy. A 4M
HeooxinHhA BiH?
IphraJaMO 3AKOH La/ibTOHa napuiaJIbHOrO TucKy rasiB...
A Tenep npanycTHMo, MO MAHOMETO noKa3ye NEBHe 3HAYEHHA TACKY
ra3y B NOCLAMHI. AKIIO MH BROpCHEMO B NOCyAMHy NEBHy Ki/lbKicTb AKO-
F0Cb ra3y, TO MAHOMeTp 3apeectpye niBHMICHHA THCKy i 3rimHO i3 3AKOHOM
Marbroha pi3HHUA Mix ApyruM 1 nepmMM NOKa3aMM MaHOMeTpa caMe A
BH3HAYATHME napuia/IbMÄ THCK, AKHM CTBOPIOE BIOpCHyTH HAMM ra3. A
pa3 TaK, TO MOXEMO WE CNPOCTHTA TeXHiky mpobexehns ekcrepumehty,
B3ABMH 3a BAXinHHÄ CTAH, KOJM noCyAnHa nepe6yBae nia ATMOCOEpHMM
THCKOM.
Ore, cxema npoBenCHHA EKcnephmehTy® Tenep MA€ TAKHA BANJIAA:
NocyAnHa, CNO/yuena Ha NOuaTKy A0CniAy 3 aTMocdepoio, MpHCAHLETSCA
MO MAHOMETPA, nicas HOro B Hei BnOpckyETbca nOpuia raby BiMOMOï MACH
-. BHMIpIOCTbCA, TUCK y NOCyAnHi. Pi3HHUA I,bONO 3HAYCHHA i aTMocepHoro
THCKy AOpiBHIOC TaCKy rasy.
TaKam 3 AIMIACTHCA P03B'83ATH OCTaHHIO geTaJb
UNHOM,
TEXHinHOrO GoKy BHKOHAHHA IBONO AOC/IA XEHNA: AKHA ra3 i AK caMe Brop-
CHYTH B nOcyAhHy?
AK 3Hapaa, CRaxiMO, MOXE 6yTH BHKOPHCTAHHN MEAMUHHA wnpau
a60 LOCb noxiOHE 3 po3ymino, 010 AKHM came KOnKpeTHMi ra3 MM BM-

4 - 4-1564 13
KOpHCTACMO Y. 4,50My eKcNepHMENTi, 3HAVEHHA HE MaC.- Le BM3HAYAETECS
MOChiAKEHHA i TOUHICTIO OTp/MyBaNMX pe.
nIHIle 3pyuHicTio NpoBelehHA
3y/bTaTiB.
IlIonpaBna, À TyT BUHHKA€ Ha nepumü NOrJAA He3HaYHe, ane
icTOTHe YCKJANHEHHA:
NOpCKYEMO, SIBHO CTAHOBHTHME AY Xe HE3HAYRy
Maca razy, AKHA MM
3a MONTOMOrOIO AKOTO MM 6yMEMO BHKOHABATA
MACH TORO 3HAPANIA,
yACTHHY
yxe À npocto byze TOYHO BM3HAYNTH Macy
ur onepauiio, OTXE, He TaK
THM ›e 3BAYBAHH&M
BropckybaHoro ra3y, CkaxiMo,
A AKIlO B3ATH 3pinxenwa ras? Ip Takomy camomy 06'€Mi Maca
ñoro 3HAYHO 6imbwa Ti MOXHa 6yre BHMiPSITH y›e JOCHTS TOYHO. He-
B TOMy, MO 3pizxeni ra3M np KiMHaTHiù Temnepatypi
3pyuHiCTb Nonarac
Maca ray byze 3MIHIOBATHCH y npoueci ïi
MUBHAKO BNApOBLIOTbCA, OTXE,
mixinmIn TO HACTyNHOrOpoky Ha-
BHMIDIOBAHHA. ATe TyT Mu BnpuTyJ
lIHx po3mipkobybaHb: 40My 6 3AMiCTb 3pinxemoro racy He B3ATH pinnhy,
KiMHaTHiM TeMneparypi? Y 1150My Bamal-
AKa IUBMIKO BANApOBYETbCA MPM
Ky MIBHAKiCTb BHNapoByBAhHA 6yxe 3HAYHO MEHIIOHO I AOCTIAEHHA MOX-
Ha BHKOHATH ToykimIe.

AKY PINHY KPAILE OBPATH JUIA LIBOTO?

OYeBHAHO, Ty, AkaJerko BHnapoByeTbca np kimhaTHiü remnepa-
Typi. HaBiT HE KODACTyIOUMCb AOBiAHMKAMM, MOXHa onpayCKa3aTH, WI0
Le Mac 6yTH peyoBHa, WO CHIbHO naxHe: edip, AUETOH, chMpT i T.In.

3ABNAHHA 5: 06rpyHtyüre, 40My MM OApa3y MOXEMO 3p06HTH BHC-

HOBOK, WO MI9 AAHOrO EKChephMehTy HaM6inbme niXxONATb CaMe peyo-
BHHH, WO CH.IbHO riaXHyTb.

Jo peui, 3yNHHMBHUIMCb Ha pinnHi, MM MOXEMO AElLO CHIPOcTATH npo-

4CC BHipIOBAHHA Mi MACH. Tak, AKw0 pinnhy no3HaveHO "Y" a60 "YIA"
(B InoBiJHo "uncTa" Ta "uNCTA ¡VIA aHai3iB"), TO MIA BA3HAYCHHA Ï MACH
LOCTATHBO BUMIPATH M 06'€M CKopMCTATHCb Ta6,1M4HMM 3HAWeHHAM ryc-
THHH:
m = p V.
A KWO Bu npragacTe, WO € pEYOBMHM, aki - np nixirpibanhi
cy6/1iMy lOTbCa, TO6TO nepexon&Tb. y ra3oBy pary, MUHAROUN CTaH piAMHM
(30K peMa, DO HMX HA/ICXaTb HaTa/iH, hon), TO Ba 3MO›ETe TAKOX 3a-
OCHOBi AKOiCb 3 TaKHX
mponomyBath CXCMy npoBeacHhA uboro AOchiAy Ha
PeYORMH. HespyunicTb TyT no/grac amme B TOMY, ILLO MOBCACTECA ACMIO
nizirpith nocyummy, OTXe, BUMiDIOBAHH$ TemnepaTyph 6yac 6i/bur rpy-
AOMiCTKUM.

14
 TaKHM 4HHOM, 3ara/bHi npMUMnIn MpOBEACHHA AOC/IA XEHHA MU OK -
pec/MIK i MOXHa Tenep BH3HAWMTH HEO6XINHE JUIM USONO 06 JA/HAKHA - Pan
NOCHIHOBHICTb BHKOHAHHA AiM.

8 2. 06JAmHANHA

Creuia/bHa YCTAHOBKa HA OCHOBI MOCHAMHM 3 BI/OMAM 06' MOM,

nin'e/Hakoï AO MaHOMeTpa (o6epeM0 JUA LIbOTO 3BMVAHMA U-NOXIOHMA
MAHOMeTp) 3 IpHCTOCyBAHHAM MIA BRODCKYBAHAS piAHHH; NOCYAMHA 3
pi/HHORO (Mikpobroperka); KiMHATHHü TepMOMeTp.

§ 3. ExcrepumentaJbhayctaHOBKa
Excrepmenta/bhy ycTAHOBKy CK/AXEMO 3a CXEMOI0, NOKA3AHOIO HA
Man.2.1. B Hiù neper6a MMO Mix NOCYAHHOI 1 MAHOMETPOM KpaH, AKAM
a60 cnoniyua€ nOCyAMHY 3 aTMocdeporo, a60 i30/110€ Bi/ aTmocQep, CHO-
MyYAH04M Ni JIMWe 3 MAHOMETPOM. Y KOpOK, AKHA 3akpuBac nocyAMy,
BCTAHOBHMO Mikpobropetky AJIA BIOPCKyBAHHS piAHHM (CKa›iMo, anero-
Hy). Mikpo6koperky byAeMO 3aKpMBaTH i3 30BHiMHbOrO 60ky nineTKOlo i3
3ATACKAYeM.

§ 4. BHKOHAHHA poboTH. 06p06Ka excreMMeHTaJIbHiX AaHHX

1. HixrotyäTe Ta6 IHIIO JUA 3anncy pesy/bratiB BumipIOBaHb Ta 06-

UNCTIEHb. Ipoc/iyAte, 1106 KpAN YCTAHOBKM 6 B y NONIOEHHI, MPH AKO-
My nOcyAuHa CnOJIyYeHa 3 aTmocoepolo.

N° V, M° (nocyAHHa) {AUETOR) T, °C T, K R

2. Bi3bmiTb y Ja60panTa neBHy Ki/bKiCTb AleTOHy y mikpooroperky,

BuMipaÄte ñoro 06'€M i BCTAHOBITH Mikpo6roperky R NOCyANHy. Ipu uhOMy
c/rinkyäte 3a THM, M106 BOXa y KONiHAX MaHOMerpa nepeOyBana Ha OTHOMy
piBhi.
3. 3aKpHTH KaH, i30/OBABIUM UMM nocyAhhy Bin atmocceph.
4. KopMcTyIOUNCb 3ATHCKAYEM, BM/MüTE BeCb AuTOH y nocyAuay.
Choctepiraïte 3a nOKA3aM MAHOMeTpa. KoJIM pi3HHUA MiX piBHAMH BOTH
y Moro KOnIHAX CTAHE CTATOIO (TOÓTO BECb ALETOH BAnapHTbCA), 3AHeciTE
ue 3HAgCHA AO rab/nui.
5. 3a dopMynOK R=P& gu VhoPaTVa (ha - pi3HuA piBHiB BOAH
y KO/TikaX MAHOMeTpa; Pe rycthha BOTH; MIA aueroky ¡ = 0,058 kr/MOUlb,
Pa 790 Kr/m3) 06uMC/iTS MOlApHy ra3oBy crany.

15
 nocomoruy nOXMÖKn BumipIORAib, 38
6. BuaHavre nijmocy popiy.
JAMI ninnoniano
AR AT A hr
R T
AR mE R.
7. 3pooiTb RMCHOBKM nO poori.
§ 5. Koutpombhi SANNTAHHA

1. Sky KiMbkicTb penOBnHn (Auerony) Bu Banaparn nix vac usoro

exchephmenty?
2. Cki/bKh MONeKy, AleToy Bu Bunapuan?
3. OuiniTbSHAVEHHA cepCAMBOKBAAPATHYHOI HIBMAKOCTi MO CKyN riZ
vaC npOBeAChHa Bamn eKcnepmmenTy.
4. 40My A0piBHIOC BHyTpimHa eneprin aueroHy B 1LbOMy exchepx-
MEHTi?
5. UNt 3MiHHTbCS BumipaHHä Bamn napuia/bHMA TACK, AKDIO 3aMicT
Taky camy 3a 06' MOM KiMbKiCTb ETHIOBOrO CIMpTy? A KIO
AuCTOHy B3ATH
3MiHHTbCa, TO 40My?
BinnoBimb 06rpyHTyäte po3paxyHKamn (opmyJa ETH/TOBOrO chiMpry
C2H5OH, inui AaHi Bi3bMiTh 3 Ta6/MI5).
UH 3MiHMTbCA np UbOMY pe3 y/bTAT BHMipiobahHA ra3oBol cranoi?
6. IpunyCTMMO, MI0 3aMiCTb aleTOHy Bu JUI9 BUKOHAHHA lIbOrO ca-
Taky camy ki/lbkicTb peyOBHHH edipy. AKHM
MOrO AOchiny BHKopACTa/IK
byAe y ubomy pa3i Bumipahmi BaMa napuia/bHuü THCK? BinnoBi7b 06-
rpyhtyüte.
7. OuiniTb, uN Bapto y 1,50My AOcnixi BpaXOByBATH 3Miky Tenepa-
TErIOTy
TYPM B noCyAnHi BHAc/i/OK BunapobyBAHH& aueTOHy. IntoMy
Moro napoytbopchhA B39TH TAKOI, WO AOpiBHIOC 3,5 105 Ix/kr.
8. Yu 3MiHHTbCA pi3HMuA pibHiB piquaH y koninax MAHOMeTpa y Aa-
hoMy rOCHiAXEHHi, AK110 BOAy 3AMiHMTH pryTTIo? Binnobinb 06rpyryfre.
9. 4M 3MiHMTHCA TOUHiCTb BHMiPIOBAHHA TACKY, AKI0 B3ATH U-10-
liÓny Tpy6ky MAHOMeTpa 3 MEHIUMM BHyTpimHiM giaMerpoM? Biznosis
06rpyHTyNTe po3paxyHKaMN. TOYHICTS
10. BH3HAuTe, UM 3MIHHTbCA (AKILO 3MIHHTbCA, TO AK CaME)
BH3HAYCHHY MO/TApHOï rA30B0ï CTanOï, AKIO:
a) B3STM nocyanhy MEHMOrO 06 CMy;
6) N pOBeCTH A0CMi/ KCHH9 npa BAWA Temnepatypi.

16
 JIADOPATOPHA POBOTA Ng 7

NEPEBIPKA 3AKOHIB IJEAJIbHUX TA3IB

Mera pOGOTH: EKÇNEpMMEHTAJIbHO nepeBipHTh 32KOHN Boñna-
Mapiorra ta Mapna.

con 1. IJAH npoBeneHHa exchepumenty

ILLo caMe nOTpiÓHO nepeBiphTH y
Ibomy KOCHIAXeHHi? Iparaxa…Mo,
AK 3arMcyIOTbCA y MATEMATHuHiA popMi
3AKOHM BoNnia-Mapiorra Ta Illap/a:
pV = const mpa T = const;
2
T const npa V - const
(3BHUANHO, MACTbCA Ha yBa3i,
mo CKJaA rasy i Moro Maca HE3MiHHi);
Orxe, An& nepeBipKn 3aKOHy Bowia-MapioTTa NOTpIÓHO,3MiHIOI04H
THCK a60 06 €M ray, BamipATH
3HATCHHA inmoro napamerpa (06'eMy a60
TaCKy BINIOBIAHO) i nepeBipHTH, UM AINCHO MIX HHMM icHye 06epHeHO npo-
nopuiina 3A/exHicTb.
HIp nepenipui 3aKOny MapIA TAKOXNOTpiÓHO BH3HAUNTH, AKMä ca-
ME NAPaMETp (THCK 4M
BAMIPIOBATH, TeMneparypy) MN 6yAEMO 3MIHIOBATH, a AKHM
a Takox nepeKoHaThCb, mO 3A/eXHicTb Mix HMMM € Ha-
capaBxi mpamoro nponopuinhoto.
06epemo 06' EKT AOCHI/AXeHb, TO6TO raa, aKH% BinoBigae kpurepiro
inea/bHocti. LIe O3Hauae, HacaMTepeA, MIO ra3 NOTpiÓHO
6/143bKOMy AO atmocdephoro 3a HOpMA/IbHUX B34TH npu TuCKy,
pay MOB. 3BHUANHO, y Bac or-
LbOMy HOTpiÓHO BHHKae AyMKa Mpo BHKOPHCTAHHA aTMOcepHOrO NOBirpa. Ane
HAM'ATATM, 110 aTMOcepHe MOBiTPS - npu
HE cymim rasis.
Un € He NepenIKOJOIO MIA nepeBipKM 3A3Haewx 3AKOHiB?

3ABIAHHA: 3riAHO i3 3AKOHOM LA/bTOHA AOBELITE,

cymimi rasis He 3MIHIOC MO BUKODHCTAHHg
pe3y/Ibrary nepesipkn 3aKOHiB inea/ibHoro razy.

B pesy/bTaTi BUKOHAHH$ 3ABIAKHS Bu nepeKOHA/IHCb, MIO AK 06' EKT

AJA BHKOHAHHS
eKcnepMMeHTa/IbHMXAOC/iNKeHb MH
TH atMocepue noBiTpa. MO›EMO BUKOpucTa-
Maxi NOMIJIMMO HAME AOCHIEHHS Ha
KOCHiAKEHHA ABi , oKpemi HACTHHH:
BHKOHyBAHOCTi 3aKohy Bowma-Mapiorra Ta KOChiIKeHHA
cnpaBAxybanocti 3akony Illapis.

Ip. 10C/lIAXCHHi CHpaBA*yBaHOCTi 3aKOHy BoilA-MapiorTa Hah-

ipocriue,
3MIHOIO QUEBMAHO, 3MIHNOBATH 06'eM raay, chocrepiraoum aa
Moro TuCky i nix puMy rOUN nOcTiMHy TeMneparypy. Li/IKOM
13*

51
 3araibhomy BMNANKy OCTAHHA ymoba He€ 060B'8 H3K0-
O4 BMAHO, IlO y
S
BOIO: AOCTATHbO, 1106 y nOVATKOBOMy i KiHUeBOMy CTaMaxreMnepaTy-
pa ray byna OTHAKOBOHO HE3ATE›KHO BIA TOrO, AK BOHa MOrTa
3MiHIOBATHCA y Xoni MpoBeACHHA ekcnephmenTy.
MM BCE ›K TAKA BAPIMM/IN niATpHMyBATH NOCTINHONO
Ane SKuO TeM-
nepatypy IpOT9roM yCboro EKCHepMMEHTY, TO CIA 3MIHIOBATH 06' eM
noBirpa Hacri/IbKM NOBIIbHO, M10Ó y byAb-SKHi MOMENT TeMnepaTypa razy
He BiMPi3HATACA BiA TeMnepatypn HABKOJnIHbOrO ceperoBnia.
TAKHM YMHOM, MH LOXOIMMO BUCHOBKY, ILIO Ham noTpióHaHOCyAnHa
aKOrO MOHa 3MIHIOBATH 06 cM rasy, i MAHO-
3 nopIHeM, 3a AOnOMOrofo
MeTP, 3a MONOMOROIO AKOTO MOXHa BUMIpIOBATH MONO THCK.

3 MiHIOBaTH Temnepatypy ray nix yac nepeBipkn 3akohy lapns

MO›Ha BiJOMMM HAM CHOCO6OM: BAKOPACTAHHAM rapayoi BOAM. ToóTO
MH AOXOIHMO BUCHOBKy, wo EKcnepMMehTalbha yctahobka HOBha
JABATH 3MOry 3MiHIOBATH TeMnepaTypy ray 3@/IMBAHHAM B YCTAHOBKy
BONM. A OCKi/bKH 3MiHa BONIOTOCTi nOBiTpa 3MiHMTb i YMCJIOBMA pe-
3yJIbTAT eKchepHMEHTAJIbHAX AOCTIAKEHb, TO AOXOAMMO BHCHOBKY, INO
AOC/iNKyBAHHA 06' CM Mac 6yTH repMeTH3OBAHMü BiA HABKOJHIHbONO
cepexoBnia.
Ha OCHOBi 3 iNCHeHOro po3r/ANy MM MO›KEMO Tenep coopMy/OBaTH
CBOÏ BUMOTH CTOCOBHO He06xiNHOTO HAM EKCNEPMMEHTA/bHOTOYCTATKyBAH-
HA.
06JAmHAHHA. I,19 BHKOHAHHA LOC/iAXEHb HAM npoNOHYETbCa
eKcHepumehTalbHa ycTahoBKa, CXeMaTMYHa KOHCTpyKuia SKOÏ NOKa-
3Aha Ha Man. 7.1. MO NOCLAWHN, BCEpeAMHY AKOÏ BMIMICHO CHABOOH,
MO›HA 3AJIMBATH BOAL.
CAJIbOOH repMeTHYhO 3'€/haHA 3 nepeTBOpIoBaYeM TACKY,
‹yHkuia akoro nOl9rac B nepeTBOpIOBaHFi THCKy y Ch/IbOoHi B E/TEKTPHY-
HH⅒ CHIHAT, BE/MUnHa AKorO nponopuioHa/IbHa ubOMy Tacky. Heñ curHaT
BHmipIoCTbC9 NoTiM MikpoamnepMeTpom. 3a MOnOMorOIO rpacika, 306pa-
CHJIb-
›eHONO Ha Mar. 7.2, 3a CHITOKO CTPYMY BM3HAYACTBCA THCK NOBiTpA y
doHi. NepetBopKoBaY TuCKy XHBHTbCA BiA -OKpemoro Axepena Hanpyrono
4,0 3.
§ 2. BuKohanha pooTh.
06poOka eKcnepMMeHTa/IbHMX AAHHX

3ABJAHHA 1. NepeBipa 3aKoHy Boila-Mapiorra.

THCKy
1. CK/TACTH YCTAHOBKy: yBiMKHYTM AO nepetbopiobaya
MiKpoamnepMeTp ra AXePCTO XHBICHHM. PyuKOÑO "ÿcr. O" Ha naneni ne-
peTBOproBaya THCKy BCTAHOBHTH "O" MIKAIN MiKpoamnepmerpa.
KDANHE
2. Big' CANATH WHAHr Bia CHolooHa. BCTAHOBHTH ITOK y
CH.1500-
BEPXHC NO/TO CHHA: 3a lUKaJORO 40 MM. IpCAHATH WI/TAHr AO
Ha.
[epeBiphTh yctaHObKy Hy/A MiKpoamneperpa.
52
 HepeA MpoBeXehham BhmiproBalb Eporpith nepeTBoprobay npotarom
XB.
3. 06epTatoUM pyK09TKY IBHHTOBOTO lITOKa, NOCTyNOBO 3MCHIUNTH
6'eM CH/IbOOHa (yepe3 10 MM LIKA/IM WITOKa) i 3aHeCTH y Ta6.7.6.1 nOKa3M
nikpoamiepMerpa. 06' €M CHIll, DOHa BA3HAYACTBCA 3a /OnOMOrOIO rpacika,
IOKA3AHOTO Ha MaJ.7.3.
4. 064MC/HTH AO6 TOK pV AVIA KOXHOTO 3 BHMiPAHMX 3HAYCHb.
5. BA3HAUMTH noxhoky eKcHepmmehTy i 3p06NTM BUCHOBOK DIOLO
TOYHOCTI MIATBEPAXEHHA BaMM 3aKOHy BoM/a-Mapiorra y BHKOhahOMy
10Chi/ XenHi.
Tabnuya 6.1

No h, MM V, J, MKA p, Kla pV

6. IpMBECTH LITOK CHAIBOOHa Y BMXiAHMA CTAH.

3aBIAHHA 2. Nepebipka cupaB/KyBaHOCTi 3aKonÿ Ilapna.
1. Pyukor0 "J.cT.0" Bi/KopuryBATH MOJOEHHA CTpi/Kn
Mikpoamnepmerpa Ha HY/IbOBIü NO3Haqui.
2. Harpith Ha eneKTPOmINTUi BOA XO TeMnepatypm 60 °C,
BHMiPIOIOUM ï8 TepMOMETPOM.
3. 06epexhO BAIMTH rapaqy BOA Y NOCyAMhy 3 CHJIbOOHOM. IpH-
6/M3HO yepe3 5 XB, He06Xi THAX JJA BCTAHOB/ICHHA TENJIOBOÏ piBHOBArH,
BHMipATH Temneparypy BOMM y noCyAMHi ¡ 3ANNCATH ji 3HAgCHHA y
Ta6n.6.2.
Tabnuya 6.2

No p, «lla T, °C. T, K

4. BHKOHATH Big/tik noka3ib Mikpoamnepmerpa i BM3HAUNTH THCK,

KopACTy4MCb rpadikoM Man.7.2; 3ANMCATH OTPUMAHE 3HAYCHHA y
Ta67.6.2.
5. Bu3HAuMTh nOxn6ky ekcnephmenty.
6. 3p06HTH BUCHOBKH WOAO CNPABAXYBAHOCTI 30KOHy Ilap/a y BM-
Kohahomy BaM AOC/MAXERHi.

§ 3. KOHTPOJIbHi 3ANNTAHHA

1. 3a 9KMX yMOB BHKOHLIOTbc& 3AKOHH Boing-Mapiorra i Illaps?

2. 3anHwiTb 3AKOH Bonna-Mapiorta vepe3 TyCTHHy razy.
3. 4M 3MiHIOBaTACA NiT 4ac nepeBipKn BaM 3AKOHY BoHrA-
Mapiorra cepe/HboKBAApaTIHa MBMIKiCTb MOTEKyN?
53
 4. KOpHCTy104MCb MO/ICKYJAPHMMM YABUCHHSMM, NOACHiTb:
a) yoMy mpH BUKOHAHHi BAMM EKCHepMMEHTAMbHoï nepeBipkn
3akohy
BoR/a-MapioTTa TACK NORiTpa 3pOcTAB i3 3MEHICHHAM MorO 06 eMy;
6) 40My TACK razy 3pocrae i3 36i/bleHHAM Moro remneparypa.
5. Yu 3MiHIOBATACA BHyTpilks eHepria MOBiTPA mix yac repeBipkn
BaMri 3akony lapna?
6. Akino np BinOBixi Ha 3ANNTAHHA 5 Bu AIRILIM BUCHOBKy, 100 ,
3MIHIOBATACA, TO BH3HAYTE, Ha CKiMbKM BIMCOTKIB.
7. 3a OTPAMAHMMM nix vac nepepip«n 3aKoHy Boins-Mapiorra ma-
HMM Hakpec/iTb r'pacik 3MiHH TCKy 3 AJIC›KHO BiX 06' cMy • p-4 Aaùre
BiAnOBiAb Ha TAKi 3ANMTAHHA:
a) AK 6M 3MiHMBCA ueñ rpadik, AK00 6 BR BUKOHYBAJM AOC/HICHHA
NOH BMWiX Temnepatypi;
6) 4M 3MiHMBCA 6 veX rpadik, AKI0 NEBHy Ki/IbKiCTb MOJEKyN KUCHIO
y noBirpi 3amicTana 6 yABiui 6inbma KilBKiCTb aTOMiB aprony;
B AKWO npa BianOBiXi HA NONEPENHE INTANHA BR AIMIL/IM BACHOBKY,
mo rpacik 3MiHMBCA 6, To caiTb, AK caMe i YoMY;
r) AK 6M 3MIHNBCA LeX rpadik, AKIO 6 BR BHKOHYBAJIM BUMIpIOBAHHA
mph Gi/bliN BOTOrOCTi NOBITA;
A) AKMA BARMAA MATHME rpadik uboro mpolecy y KoopAMHaTax
p - T Tap - V.
8. Hoka›iTb, 110 3AKOHM BoMa-Mapiorra i lap/a € OKpeMMMM BH-
Na/KaMA pibhahha MenIenCEBa-Knianenpona.

LOMaWNE 306dAHHS:
1. y poniopA/XeHHi E:
a) ABi CK/ISHi Tpy GOWKM, 40 OAHiCï SIKHX nix'EAHAHO KpaH, VIO MOXe
aGo mi/bho nepekpuBarn rpy6ky, a60 poóNth li HACKpi3HO npoxinHOrO
DJIA raziB Ta piAnK;
6) rymoBa TpyóKa, AKY MOXHA WU/IbHO HATAFATH HA HI CRUISHI Tpy-
604KM;
B) BONa;
r) Jihinka.
AK 3a AOrTOMOrOIO LIBOTO pEMAHENTY repeBipHTH 3AKOH Boñns-
Mapiorra?
2. BU MAETE B po3nOpAAXeNHi npo3opH% UMIHAP,y AKMA MOXHa
BCTABA9TH Mi/IbHO Npu/AraOuNA HO Moro CTiHOK nopmieab, a TAKOX HaGip
pas a impok i utaHrenIMpKy/lb. Mach nopMIHA i rupok BixoMi. Onawith, AK 3a
AORTOMOTOIO I bONO O6 IANHAHHA BUKOHATH AOC/TiNHY nepeuipky 3aKOHy
Boñna-Mapiorra?
3. AK 3MiHMT ca po3paxyHKoBa (opmya, SIKM0 y cTaMOBKa, SKy Bu
Bropy
CKOHCTpytOBaJIN npu BinnoBixi Ha nonepenhe SAMITAHHA, pyxa€TbCA
(BHH3) PIBHOMPMCKOpeHO 3 npucKopenham, MOAy/b aKorO _OpiRHIOC a?

54
 LOJATOK
JABOPATOPHA POGOTA Ng 12

BU3HAYEHHA MOJEKYJIAPHOÏ MACH T TYCTHHH

NOBITPA METOLOM BIIKAYYBAHHA
Mera pOOoTH: EKcHepHMEHTA/IbHO BM3HAUMTH MONEKyJApHy Macy -.
rycTHay noBirpa Ha OCHOBi piBHAHHA MEHACIEEBA-KnaneMpona METOZOM
Bi/KagYBAHHA.

§ 1. Hah mpobelenna excnephmenty

3anMIMEMO piBhAhha MenzeneeBa-KnaneMpona

PV7_=MuRT
n

3A3HAUMMO OApa3y, NO TeMnepatypy Ta3y MOXHA BM3HAYHTH NPAMMM

BHmipIOBaHHAM 3a AONOMOTOIO 3BMY MHOrO KiMHaTHOrO TepMOMeTpa, AK-
MO, 3BMYAÑHO, BMMIPIOBAHHA BHKOHYBATH 3a YMOBM TENTOBOï piBhOBarn
A0C/I/XYBAHOÏ pegOBHHH 3 KiMHATHMM HOBITPAM.
Y JabopaTopHi# poboTi No 2 MM BHXOTH/IN 3 Toro, Wo 06'eM rasy
Moro MO/ApHa Maca HaM BiOMi, a ñoro Macy i THCK MM BM3HAYA€MO
BMipIOBAHHAMM, npHyOMy Maca ra3y 3A/IMMATCA HE3MIHHOIO y xoxi
MPOBETEHHA EKcNepnMenTy.

A AKUIO 3MIHIOBATH MACY IOCJI/KYBAHOTO TA3Y?

3aBZAHHA A: HA OCHOBI LAB/EHb MONIEKy/IADHO-KiHETHUHOT Teopi No-
ACHiT5, 40My 3MiHa MACH ray CIPHYMNIE 3MiHy Moro THCKy.

3anHeMo pibHAHHA MeRMeIEEBa-KianeMpona AJA ABOX CTAHiB ON-

Horo # Toro CaMoro ray pi3HoÏ MACH MpH HE3MiHHMX TeMepaTypi i 06' emi:

P1 V = - RT; (12.1)

P,V = 2ua RT. (12.2)

BIAHABITH (12.2)
BI/HOCHO R. Y BiA (12.1), po3B'AEMO OTHMAHE CRiBBiNHOMIEHHA
pe3y ibTati OTpHMAEMO

U_(P,MI
=-mr- M RT
P2) (12.3)

95
 Ila dopmyna E BH3HAYAMbHOIO ANS LaHOrO METOAY BASHAYCHHS u.
BUKOHAHHA JOC/iAKCHHA.
Hei ÷ CRJIAMEMO ILIAH
BAXOJAYM 3 NOCyAHHy BINOMOrO 06' eMy Ipa KimHaTHiä TEMITE-
HorpióHO B3ATH
TACK aKorO BiNOMMä - Pi (3BHUAÑHO mpocrime byze, SK-
parypi 3 ra30M,
leA TACK A0piBRIOBaTHMe aTmOCdepHOMy), i BA3HAUMTH Bary uici NO-
luO
CYAHHH
3 ra30M. 3anMIeMO Take:
B1 Bo + mi g, (12.4)

Ae Bo - Maca NOCYAMHM
6e3 rasy.
Ilicua IbOrO Bi/KagaMO ra3 y NOCYAMHI AO THCKy P2, BH3HAUHMO
Bary B2 NOCyAMHH 3 HOBOIO MACOIO ra3y m2 1 3AnNIeMO Ti y BAIIATi
B2 = Bo + m2 g. (12.5)
3AMHCATH
3 OTHMAHMX CHIBBINHOMIEHL (12.4) i (12.5) MOXHa
(12.6)
B1 - B2
MI - m2= g
HiCTABHBIH (12.6) y (12.3), AiCTAHEMO po6oue criBBi/HOMIEHHS
MIA BH3HAYCHHA MOJIAPHO1 MACH:
B1 - B2 RT (12.7)
" = (P - P2) Vg
LA BUMipRoBaHHA THCKy MOXEMO B3ATH . pinHHM% a60 MeM6paHHA
MAHOMETp. 06'EM NOCYAHHH HAM BIZOMMÄ, a AKITO Hi, TO BU3HAUHMO MOro
EKCHEDMMEHTAJIbHO.

3ABJAHHA B: 1. OnniTb, AK CaMe BY MOXETE BM3HAUATH HEBITOMMÄ

06'EM AKOÏC6 NOCYAHHN.
2. Un BILIMBATHME, 1 AKIIO TAK, TO AK CaMe, SHAYCHHA TeMNEpATYpH
npAmilIeHHA niA gaC BuMipKOBaHb 3a n. 1 LbOrO 3ABAAHHA?

3a AOC/TiAyBAHHA ra3 MN 06pa/M nOBiTpA i BinnOBiAHO y popmyni i

(12.7) 6 A MO 064MC/IOBATH 3HA VEHHA ycepexHeHOï (eeKTHBHOi) MOISP-
HOï MACH (nprazaïte 3aKon La/l TORa napIia/IbHOTO THCKy cymimi rasiB).
3BHuAÑHO, A/TA 3BaXYBAHHA NOCYAUHM NOTpiÓHO 6yxe BHKOPMCTATH TOUHi
Ana/iTH"Hi Tepe3n.
lycTHHy nOBiTPA 06 4HC TIHMO, BAXOJAYN 3 I BMIHAunHA AK MACK
ONUHMIi 06' cMy:

p = m/V.
BHKOpHCTOByrOuN piBHAHHA MeH eNEEBa-KnameMpoHa, orpHMyeMO
po6ouy popmyny:
p = Pu/RT,
96
 OTxe,
B, - B2 P
Pi P1 - P2 V g
0.0. 2. ExcrephmentaJbHe 06 JAMHAHHA

Lia BHKOHAHHA AOC/AKEHHS Bam npononyETbCA yCTaHOBKa, cXema-

THYRO 306paxena Ha MaJ1. 12.1. Jo ï cknary BXO/HTb TOYHi nabopatophi
Tepen, BakyyMHHü HACOC KOMOBCHKOTO, BHMipIOBAIbHNA 6N0K 3 MAHO-
MeTpOM BAKyyMHMM KpaHOM, AKHA 3' exHye HACOC 3 Bi/KaVyBAHOIO KOJ-
6010.

§ 3. BhKohahha PObOTH.
06pooka CKCHEpHMEHTAJbHUX JaHHX

1. [inrotyBATH Tepe3M JUA p060TH (IMB.MaN.12.1):

a) YCTAHOBHTH Tepe3M y TopH30HTa/IbhoMy HO/IOXEHH*; AKMO AVIA
LIbOTO byge NOTpiOHo, pixpery/ironre bucoty Hi›OK 1, 3AKOHTMBIM ix
3ipovKaMM 2;
6) NOBOPOTOM pA UKH 3 3HATH Tepe3m 3 appetupy i BpiBHOBAXHTH ix
3a AOTIOMOTOK pery/gropiB piBhobarn 4.
2. HoKMACTh K0/6y 3 NOBiT†AM HA npaby maJlbky Tepe3iB i 3BA›KMTH
ii. TIp IbOMy Kpam 6 KON6M MaE 6yTH BIAKPHTHM.
3. BiAkpHth KpaH 5, AKMÄ 3 'CAHye HAcOC 3 K0,16010 (cTpi/ka kpany
noBhhHa 6yTh HanpaMJEHa* y 6ik Hacoca).
4. 06epTatou MAXOBHK HACOCa 3a TOAHHHUKOBOIO CT pi/KOTO (HANDSM
o6epTAHHA 3A3HAVEHO Ha Kopuyci Hacoca), Bi/KAYATH NOBiTpA 3 K0.76M TO
3aAHOrO BHKAAYEM IHAUEHHA (mpH6,1H3H0 0,9 -1,0 Krc/CM7) i 3anuca-
Th HOKa3M MAHOMerpa (1 Krc/ CM- = 98,06 • 103 Ila).
5. BHMIPATH i 3AnMCATH TeMnepatypy nOBiTpa y npHMimehHi.
6. 3akpHTH KpaH 6 KONI6M, BIX'CAHATH Ï BIA BHMipROBA/IbHOrO 6/10ky
1 3BA/KHTH.
7. HobepHyTH BHMipIoBa/Thy yctaHoBky MO BHXiAHOTO CTAHY.
8. 06 4MC/IHTH eeKTHBHY MONADHY Macy noBiTpa 3a dopmyJ0i0
(12.7), BpaxyBABIM pe3yJIbTATH BHMIpIOBaHb 3a m.6. 06'EM KOT6H CTAHO-
BHTb 1116 M/, Bi3bMiTb g = 9,81 M/c- (40 peui, nONCHiTb, YOMy MM 06M-
paeMo came TAKe 3HAY€HHS MpHCKOpEHHA BiJIbHOrO naxinHa).
9. 064HCATHTH BigHOCHy • P a6c0.10thy HOXHOKH BH3HAYCHHA
yHiBepca/IbHOï ra3oBoï cranoï i nopiBhATH OTpHMAHE 3HAYCHHA 3 Ta6114-
HAM. CRophCTATHCA y MMX 06 MC/ICHHAX dopmy/1010

AV A B AP . AT
p T'
AR
€=
R V B 97
me A V - noxn6ka BhmipHoBaHHA 06'EMy KGXÓM (4 V = 1 MJI); 4 B .
a6COJIOTHa NOX#6Ka 3BAyBAHHA; A P -
nOXH6ka BuMipIOBaHHg
THCky
MAHOMETPOM; A T - nOXM6ka bhmipIoBaHHA TeMiepatypa NOBiTpA.
10. 064MCIMTH TYCTHHY noBirps np 323HA CHOMy BAKMALQUeM 3Ha-
VenHi THCKy.
§ 4. KOHTpOMbHi 3ANMTAHHA

1. Un Mae yHiBepca/IbHa ra3oBa crana AKHÄC6 Gi3HUHMA 3MICr?

AKEIO TaK, TO AK Bu ñoro BH3HAYACTE? AK yHiBepca/bha ra30Ba CTa-
/a nOB'$3aHa 3i cTaJOIO ABoraApo?
2. Ho CK/IAAy nOBiTpa, aK BR 3HACTE, BXONATH MOJCKYJIK 0, COz.
BH3HAuTe:
a) AKi MO/TEKyJIM pyXai0TbCS MBhqWe;
6) BBaXalOu, MO BMICT O, CTAHOBHT5 16% NO Maci, a CO2 - %
OLiHiTb BiMHOMICHHA napuia/bHMX TuCKiB uMx rasiB.
3. AKHM APOCTHM LOCATiAOM Bu MOXeTE JOB€CTH B3ACMONPOHAKHICTb
razis?
4. Ha SIKy Be/MuMHy AOMATKOBO NiABHOIMBCA 6 TACK P; y Aaniñ po-
60Ti, AKWO 6 nix yac ïi BHKOHAHHA Temneparypa niABMmM/ACA 6 Ha 5 K?
5. IpHIyCTHMO, mo miA yac BHKOHAHHA poboTH Bu 3HM3M/M THCK
NOBiTPA 40 3HAYeHHA P2 = P1/3, a Teneparypa y mphmilenki y nponeci
Bi/KauyBAHH$ 36i/blUM/IaCb y 2 pa3M. AKHM 6H 6 /10 MpH IbOMy 3HAYCHHA
Mach my?
6. AK 6M 3MIHMBCA TUCK P2, SKÓM NICAM BAKOHAHHA AOC/TIAKEHHA BA
AOMATKOBO BBEJIM 6 y K0,16y 50 r noBirpa?
7. UM ONHAKOBO 3MIHHUINCA 6 napuia/IbHi THCKM 02 ra CO2, SKIL0 6
Temnepatypa y npaminenhi 36 i/bHIMACA Ha 5 K?
8. UM 3MiHIOBa/IACb nix MAC BHKOHAHHA BAMM UbOrO AOC/iAEHHA
BHyTpiwhA cHeprin noBirps? BinnoBiAb 06rpyHTynre.
9. No6yAyüre rpadiku nepexory. MOBirpA y BHKOHAHOMy
V,
JOC/liAXehHi Bin NOVATKOBOrO MO KIHUEBOTO CTAHIB y KoopAnHaTax P
P - T, V - T TaP - m.
10. MOSCHiTE APHHIAN üï Bi/Ka u Ba/IbHONO Hacocy, 306paeHONO Ha
Ma7. 12.2.

Lomawne sadaHns:
1, 3a OTHMIX i THX CAMMX TeMnepatypuü TaCKY rycThHa axoro
noBirpa Gimbwa - cyxoro UM BO/TOrOTO?
2. BBaXalOuM, ILO NOBiTpA CK/AZA€TbCA JIMmE 3 a30Ty (80%), KUCHIO
(16%) Ta ByrnEKHChOrO rasy (4%) , BH3HAUTE, AKORO 6yre Moro cepenHa
Mo/ApHa Maca, SKIO KO›KHY ACCATY 3 HA3BaHMX BHILE MOlEKY
3AMICTHTH MO/ICKÿJIOH0 BOAM.

98