Name: Bakhtawar Javed

Class: Food Science and technology (1st semester.)

ROLL NO: 12236
Topic: Sources of human food in world and Supplies in
Pakistan

SUBMITTED TO: Sir Bilal

• FOOD RESOURES IN WORLD:
It may be easy for us to guess the sources of some of the ingredients like fruits and vegetables,
for instance. Where do they come from? Plants, of course! What are the sources of rice or wheat?
You may have seen paddy or wheat fields with rows and rows of plants, which give us these
grains. And then, there are food items like milk, eggs, meat, chicken, fish, prawns, beef, pork
and such others, which come from animals

Plants are the sources of food ingredients like grains, cereals, vegetables and fruits. Animals
provide us with milk, meat products and eggs. Cows, goats and buffaloes are some common
animals which give us milk. Milk and milk products like butter, cream, cheese and curd are
used all over the world.

 FOOD RESOURES AND SUPPLY IN PAKISTAN

Pakistan is an agricultural country. The most important crops are wheat, sugarcane, cotton, and
rice, which together account for more than 75% of the value of total crop output. Pakistan's
largest food crop is wheat. Agriculture is considered the backbone of Pakistan's economy,
which relies heavily on its major crops. Pakistan's principal natural resources are arable land and
water. Agriculture accounts for about 18.9% of Pakistan's GDP and employs about 42.3% of the
 labour force. In Pakistan, the most agricultural province is Punjab where wheat and cotton are
the most grown. Mango orchards are mostly found in Sindh and Punjab provinces that make
Pakistan the world's 4th largest producer of mangoes. Pulses are smart crops both for humans
and the cropping system as they provide protein, minerals, vitamins, and fiber for human diet and
nitrogen to the soil and contribute to the maintenance of biodiversity. Pulses, also called grain
legumes, contribute about 33% of the global dietary protein requirement of the human
population. In Pakistan, the production of pulses is far less than the requirement and the balance
is met through imports.

 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS OF PAKISTAN

 Wheat
 Rice
 Fruits
 Sugarcane
 Vegetables etc.
AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION IN WORLD
 AGRICULTURE PRODUCTIONIN PAKISTAN 2018-19
Agriculture is considered the backbone of Pakistan's economy, which relies heavily on its major
crops.[1] Pakistan's principal natural resources are arable land and water. Agriculture accounts for
about 18.9% of Pakistan's GDP and employs about 42.3% of the labour force. In Pakistan, the
most agricultural province is Punjab where wheat and cotton are the most grown. Mango
orchards are mostly found in Sindh and Punjab provinces that make Pakistan the world's 4th
largest producer of mangoes.

LIVESTOKE POPULATION IN WORLD

 The livestock population at any given moment describes the production system through the
stocks of animals being farmed. The duration of a production cycle indicates how long is needed
so that animals are ready to slaughter for meat, whilst others are being reared, or to give birth and
in the case of cows, some sheep and goats can be milked.

Three quarters of the EU’s 2018 bovine population was kept in France (21.2 %), Germany
(13.7 %), the United Kingdom (11.0 %), Ireland (7.5 %), Spain (7.4 %), Italy (7.2 %) and
Poland (7.1 %). Almost three quarters of the EU’s pigs were found in Spain (20.8 %), Germany
(17.8 %), France (9.3 %), Denmark (8.5 %), the Netherlands (8.1 %) and Poland (7.4 %). Two
thirds of sheep were in the United Kingdom (26.3 %), Spain (18.5 %), Romania (11.9 %) and
Greece (9.9 %). Two thirds of the EU’s goats were found in Greece, Spain and Romania.

LIVESTOKE PRODUCTION IN PAKISTAN

Over the years, livestock subsector has surpassed the crop subsector as the biggest contributor to
Value added in agriculture. Presently it contributes 60.5 percent to the overall agricultural and
11.2 percent to the GDP during 2018-19. Gross value addition of livestock has increased from
Rs. 1,384 billion (2017-18) to Rs.1, 440 billion (2018-19), showing an increase of 4.0 percent
over the same period last year

PRODUCTION OF MEAT IN WORLD

 he world now produces more than three times the quantity of meat as it did fifty years ago. In
2018, production was around 340 million tonnes. Pigmeat is the most popular meat globally,
but the production of poultry is increasing most rapidly. 80 billion animals are slaughtered each
year for meat.

PAKISTAN`S MEAT PRODUCTION

 The meat production in country had witnessed about 1.3% growth during the last fiscal year
(2018-19) as the meat production targets were set at 4.420 million tons during the outgoing fiscal
year, said an official in the

Ministry of National Food Security and Research.

species 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19

WORLD`S MEAT CONSUMPTION

 Meat consumption is highest across high-income countries (with the largest meat-eaters in
Australia, consuming around 116 kilograms per person). The average European and North
American consumes nearly 80 kilograms and more than 110 kilograms, respectively. However,
changes in consumption in high-income countries have been much slower – with most stagnating
or even decreasing over the last 50 years.

Consumption trends across Africa are varied; some countries consume as low as 10 kilograms
per person, around half of the continental average. Higher-income nations such as South Africa
consume between 60-70 kilograms per person.

WORLD`S MILK PRODUCTION 2018-19

he energy in milk comes from its protein, carbohydrate and fat content, with the exception of
skim milk that has virtually no fat. Milk and milk products are an excellent source of vitamins
and minerals, particularly calcium. Milk has significant amounts of vitamin A and B vitamins
such as thiamine, riboflavin and nicotinic acid, but is a poor source of vitamin C and vitamin E.
It also contains vitamin B12.
The important minerals in milk are calcium, phosphorus, sodium and potassium. It is, however, a
poor source of iron. Calcium is a mineral that the body needs for numerous functions, including
building and maintaining bones and teeth, blood clotting, the transmission of nerve impulses, and
heart rythms.

PAKISTAN`S MILK PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION

MILK PRODUCTION
Over 750 million people are engaged in milk production around the world, mostly smallholders
fulfilling their livelihood needs, food security and nutrition. World milk production was 522
million tonnes in 1987 while it escalated to 828 million tones in 2017 and augmented to 838
million tonnes having the share (82% cow milk, 14% buffalo milk, 2% goat milk,1% sheep and
0.3% camel milk) in 2018 . Milk production in developing countries of South Asia jumped after
1970, and the region has become a key player in world milk production. The region consisted of
745 million dairy animals that accounted for 21% of dairy animals in the world. The region was
also home to 25% of cattle and buffaloes, 15% of sheep and goats, and 7% of camels in the
world. Currently it is contributing about 200 million tonnes of milk that accounts around 20% of
global milk production despite low milk yield of the dairy animals.

MILK CONSUMPTION
Most of dairy production is consumed in the form of fresh dairy products. The share of
fresh dairy products in world of global consumption is expected to increase over the coming
decade due to stronger demand growth in India and Pakistan in particular, which in turn is
driven by income and population growth. World per capita consumption of fresh dairy
products is expected to increase by 1.0% p.a. over the coming decade, slightly faster than
over the past ten years, driven by higher per-capita income growth.

FOOD SECURITY IN PAKISTAN

 FOOD SECURITY Defined as a condition in which all people have physical and economic
access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and preferences, food
security is considered by the United Nations a basic human right. The current world food system
normally functions efficiently, at least in an economic sense, though not a moral one. It provides
at reasonable prices adequate food of their choice to those who can afford to pay for it.

Thus food security is a problem of the poor, in poor countries. The hungry of the world are
hungry because they are poor. They are poor because they own too few resources of land,
capital, or skills.

Pakistan is a he world now produces more than three times the quantity of meat as it did fifty
years ago. In 2018, production was around 340 million tonnes. Pigmeat is the most popular meat
globally, but the production of poultry is increasing most rapidly. 80 billion animals are
slaughtered each year for meat. country and the sixth most populous in the world. While
undernourishment has slightly declined over the last two decades, it remains “moderately high”.
Strictly speaking, he world now produces more than three times the quantity of meat as it did
fifty years ago. In 2018, production was around 340 million tonnes. Pigmeat is the most popular
meat globally, but the production of poultry is increasing most rapidly. 80 billion animals are
 slaughtered each year for meat. country and a series of good harvests has meant that food
availability is high. Despite that, 60 per cent of the country faces food insecurity, with many of
the country’s poorest people unable to afford an adequate diet.

CAUSES OF FOOD INSECURITY

 Lack of Access to Farming Lands

 . Land Grabbing

 Conflict, Violence’s

 Unfair Trade Rules and Wars

 Fast-paced Population Growth

 Biofuels

 Natural Disasters

 Climate Change

 Wastage of Food

 Market Dominance by Corporate Giants

 The ‘Financialization’ of Food

SOLUTIONS TO FOOD INSECURITY

The solutions to food insecurity are given below:

 Reduce Food Waste Reduce

 the Risk of Commercialising

 Improve Existing Infrastructural

Programs

 Improve Trade Policies

 . Promote Diversification

 Close the Yield Gap

 Work Towards Defeating Climate

Change