G-Facex -GFASECSS Shearing strain 4 1 𝜑3

𝑇 = 3 𝑇𝑌 (1 − 4 𝜑𝑌3 )
G - Given 𝜏𝑥𝑦 = 𝐺𝛾𝑥𝑦
F – Find 𝜏𝑦𝑧 = 𝐺𝛾𝑦𝑧 Uniform rectangular cross-sections
𝑇
A – Assumptions 𝜏𝑧𝑥 = 𝐺𝛾𝑧𝑥 𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 2 𝑐1 𝑎𝑏
S – Sketch Saint-Venant’s Principle 𝜑=𝑐
𝑇𝐿
3
E – Equations Stress distribution may be assumed 2 𝑎𝑏 𝐺

C – Consistent Units independent of the mode of load

S – Solve Chapter 4.
application except in the immediate
S – Sanity check vicinity of load application points. Strain due to bending
𝜎 𝐿′ = (𝜌 − 𝑦)𝜃
𝐾 = 𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 stress concentration factor
Chapter 1. 𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝛿 = 𝐿′ − 𝐿 = (𝜌 − 𝑦)𝜃 − 𝜌𝜃 = −𝑦𝜃
𝑃 Plastic Deformations 𝛿 𝑦𝜃 𝑦
𝜀𝑥 = 𝐿 = − 𝜌𝜃 = − 𝜌 (varies linearly)
𝜎𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 𝐴 (average normal stress) 𝜎 𝐴
𝑃 = 𝜎𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝐴 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑐 𝑐
𝑑2 𝐾 𝜀𝑚 = 𝜌 or 𝜌 = 𝜀
𝐴=𝜋 4
(rod area) 𝑃𝑦 =
𝜎𝑦𝐴 𝑚
𝑦
𝑃 𝐾 𝜀𝑥 = − 𝜀𝑚
𝜏𝑎𝑣𝑒 = (average shear stress) 𝑃𝑈 = 𝜎𝑦 𝐴 = 𝐾𝑃𝑦 𝑐
𝐴
𝑃 𝑃 Linearly elastic and homogeneous
𝜎𝑏 = = (bearing stress) 𝑦 𝑦
𝐴 𝑡𝑑 𝜎𝑥 = 𝐸𝜀𝑥 = − 𝐸𝜀𝑚 = − 𝜎𝑚
𝑃 2 Chapter 3. 𝑐 𝑐
𝜎= cos 𝜃 (normal oblique plane) Static equilibrium
𝐴0 𝑇 = ∫ 𝜌 𝑑𝐹 = ∫ 𝜌(𝜏 𝑑𝐴) (net torque) 𝑦
𝑃
𝜏 = 𝐴 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 (shearing oblique) Shearing strain 𝐹𝑥 = 0 = ∫ 𝜎𝑥 𝑑𝐴 = ∫ − 𝜎𝑚 𝑑𝐴
0 𝑐
𝜎
FS = Factor of safety 𝐿𝛾 = 𝜌φ 0 = 𝑐𝑚 ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝐴
𝜌𝜑
𝜎 𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠
𝐹𝑆 = 𝜎 𝑢 = 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝛾= 𝐿 𝑀 = ∫(−𝑦𝜎𝑥 𝑑𝐴) =
𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑐𝜑 𝑦
𝛾𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝐿 ∫(−𝑦) (− 𝜎𝑚 ) 𝑑𝐴
𝜌 𝑐
Chapter 2. 𝛾 = 𝑐 𝛾𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑀=
𝜎𝑚
∫ 𝑦 2 𝑑𝐴 =
𝜎𝑚 𝐼
𝛿 𝑐 𝑐
𝜀 = (normal strain) From Hooke’s Law 𝑀𝑐 𝑀
𝐿 𝜌 𝜎𝑚 = =
𝐺𝛾 = 𝑐 𝐺𝛾𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝐼 𝑆
𝜎 = 𝐸𝜀 (Hooke’s Law) 𝑀𝑦
𝜎𝑥 = − 𝐼 (linearly elastic material)
E = Young’s Modulus of Elasticity 𝜏 = 𝐺𝛾
𝜎 𝑃 𝜌 Stress due to bending
𝜀 = 𝐸 = 𝐴𝐸 (from Hooke’s law) 𝜏 = 𝑐 𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑀𝑐 𝑀
𝑃𝐿 Elastic torsion formulas 𝜎𝑚 = 𝐼 = 𝑆
𝛿 = 𝐴𝐸 (Solving for the deformation)
𝑃𝐿 𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝐽
𝑇𝑐 I = section moment of inertia
𝛿 = ∑𝑖 𝐴 𝑖𝐸𝑖 (with variations of loading) 𝐼
𝑆 = = section modulus
𝑖 𝑖 𝑇𝜌 𝑐
𝛿 = 𝛿𝐿 + 𝛿𝑅 = 0 (add deformations) 𝜏= ∑ 𝑦̅𝐴
𝐽
𝑌̅ = ∑ 𝐴
𝛿𝑇 = 𝛼(∆𝑇)𝐿 (temperature change) Shearing strain with angle of twist
𝑇𝐿 𝑀𝑐
α = coefficient of thermal expansion 𝜑 = 𝐽𝐺 𝜎𝑚 = 𝐼
𝜎 = −𝐸𝛼(∆𝑇) (stress involving temp) 𝑇 𝑖 𝐿𝑖
𝐸
𝑛 = 𝐸𝑠
Poisson’s ratio 𝜑 = ∑𝑖 𝐽 𝐺 𝑐
𝑖 𝑖 𝑀𝑐
𝑣 = −|
𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝜀
|=− 𝑦=− 𝑧
𝜀 Torque applied with specific power 𝜎𝑚 = 𝐾 𝐼
(maximum stress)
𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝜀𝑥 𝜀𝑥 𝑀𝑈 𝑐
and speed 𝑅𝐵 = (modulus of rupture)
Generalized Hooke’s Law 𝑃 = 𝑇𝜔 = 2𝜋𝑓𝑇 𝐼
𝜎 𝑣𝜎𝑦 𝑣𝜎
𝜀𝑥 = + 𝑥 − − 𝑧 𝑃 𝑃
𝑇 = 𝜔 = 2𝜋𝑓
𝐸 𝐸 𝐸 Chapter 5.
𝑣𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑦 𝑣𝜎𝑧
𝜀𝑥 = − 𝐸
+ 𝐸
− 𝐸 Maximum cross section Normal stress
𝑣𝜎𝑥 𝑣𝜎𝑦 𝜎𝑧 𝑇𝑐 𝑀𝑦
𝜀𝑥 = − 𝐸 − 𝐸 + 𝐸 𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜎𝑥 = −
𝐽 𝐼
Relative to unstressed state, the 𝐽 𝜋 𝑇 |𝑀|𝑐 |𝑀|
= 2 𝑐3 = 𝜏 (solid shaft) 𝜎𝑚 = 𝐼 𝑆
=
change in volume 𝑐 𝑚𝑎𝑥
|𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 |𝑐 |𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 |
𝐽 𝜋 𝑇
𝑒 = 𝑣 − 1 = 1 + [𝜀𝑥 + 𝜀𝑦 + 𝜀𝑧 ] − 1 = 2𝑐 (𝑐24 − 𝑐14 ) = 𝜏 (hollow) 𝜎𝑚 = 𝐼
= 𝑆
𝑐2 2 𝑚𝑎𝑥
= 𝜀𝑥 + 𝜀𝑦 + 𝜀𝑧 𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
𝑇𝑐
(torsion formula)
1−2𝑣 𝐽
= 𝐸 (𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦 + 𝜎𝑧 ) 𝑇𝑐
𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝐾
=dilation (change in volume) 𝐽

For element subjected to uniform Maximum elastic tongue

𝐽 1
hydrostatic pressure 𝑇𝑦 = 𝑐 𝜏𝑌 = 2 𝜋𝑐 3 𝜏𝑌
3(1−2𝑣) 𝑝 𝐿𝛾
𝑒=− 𝑝 = −𝑘 𝜑𝑌 = 𝑐 𝑌
𝐸
𝐸
𝑘= Torque plastic region
3(1−2𝑣) 2 3
1 𝜌𝑌 4
=Bulk modulus of modulus of 𝑇 = 𝜋𝑐 3 𝜏𝑌 (1 − ) = 𝑇𝑦 (1 −
3 4 𝑐3 3
3
compression 1 𝜌𝑌
4 𝑐3
)
𝜏𝑥𝑦 = 𝑓(𝛾𝑥𝑦 ) (shearing strain)