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Citsit Fisika Yuk Bisa Yuk
Citsit Fisika Yuk Bisa Yuk
Muatan listrik: muatan positif (+) dan Besaran yang mempunyai nilai di setiap titik
muatan negatif (-) dalam ruang
𝑞 =𝑁⋅𝑒
Satuan: Coulomb
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
*Σ𝐸 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝐸1 + 𝐸2 + ⋯ + 𝐸𝑛
MOMEN DIPOL
𝑃⃗⃗ = 𝑞 ⋅ 𝑑⃗
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UTS 1 FISIKA DASAR IIA 2020/2021
𝑅
𝑑𝐸⃗⃗ = 𝑑𝐸
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑥 + 𝑑𝐸
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑦 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑟 ⋅ 𝑑𝑟
𝐸𝑧 = 2𝜋𝜅𝜎𝑧 ∫ 3
𝐿 𝐿
0 (𝑧 2 + 𝑟 2 )2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝐸⃗⃗ = 𝜅𝜆 (∫ 2
⋅ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + ∫ 2 ⋅ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 )
0 𝑟 0 𝑟 1 1
*𝐸𝑧 = 2𝜋𝜅𝑧𝜎 [𝑟 − ]
√𝑟 2 +𝑧 2
1 1 𝜅𝜆 𝐿
*𝐸𝑥 = 𝜅𝜆 [𝑦 − ] 𝐸𝑦 = ⋅ DIPOL DALAM MEDAN LISTRIK
√𝐿2 +𝑦 2 𝑦 √𝐿2 +𝑦 2
CINCIN BERMUATAN
𝜏⃗ = 𝑝⃗ × 𝐸⃗⃗
𝜏 = −𝑝𝐸𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
2𝜋 2𝜋
𝑑𝑠 𝑅 ⋅ 𝑑𝜃
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐸𝑧 = 𝜅𝜆 ∫ = 𝜅𝜆 ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑟2 𝑟2 dan 𝑈 = −𝑝⃗ ⋅ 𝐸⃗⃗
0 0
𝑧
*𝐸𝑧 = 2𝜋𝜅𝜆𝑟 ⋅ 3
(𝑧 2 +𝑅2 )2
CAKRAM BERMUATAN
𝑑𝑞 = 𝜎𝑑𝐴
𝑑𝑞 = 2𝜋𝑟 𝑑𝑟
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UTS 1 FISIKA DASAR IIA 2020/2021
𝜎
𝐸⃗⃗ =
2𝜀0
𝑄𝑒𝑛𝑐
𝜙 = ∮ 𝐸⃗⃗ ⋅ 𝑑𝐴⃗ =
𝜀0
𝜆
𝐸=
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟
- R<r
𝜌𝜋𝑅 2 ℎ
𝐸2𝜋𝑟𝑅ℎ =
𝜀0
𝜌𝑅
𝐸=
Muatan tersebar hanya pada tepi 2𝜀0
permukaan konduktor - R=r
𝜌𝑟
𝐸=
Muatan tersebar pada isolator secara merata 2𝜀0
- R>r
MEDAN LISTRIK SIMETRI PLANAR
𝜌𝑟 2
𝐸=
2𝜀0 𝑅
Grafik E – R
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UTS 1 FISIKA DASAR IIA 2020/2021
(Simetri sferis)
KONDUKTOR BERONGGA
𝑄𝑒𝑛𝑐
∮ 𝐸⃗⃗ ⋅ 𝑑𝐴⃗ = b
𝜀0
𝑞
𝐸=
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 2 a
ISOLATOR BERONGGA
- R<a
𝐸=0
- a<R<b
b
𝐸=0
- R>b
a 𝑄
𝐸=
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑅 2
Grafik E – R
- R<a
𝐸=0
- a<R<b
𝑄𝑒𝑛𝑐
∮ 𝐸⃗⃗ ⋅ 𝑑𝐴⃗ =
𝜀0 ISOLATOR PEJAL
𝑄𝑅 𝑄𝑎
=
𝑉𝑅 𝑉𝑎
4𝜋(𝑅 3 − 𝑎3 )
𝑄 3
𝐸(4𝜋𝑅 2 ) = ×
𝜀0 4𝜋(𝑏 3 − 𝑎3 )
3
𝑄 𝑅3 −𝑎 3
*𝐸 = 4𝜋𝜀 𝑅2
⋅ 𝑏3 −𝑎3
0
- R>b
𝑄
𝐸=
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑅 2
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UTS 1 FISIKA DASAR IIA 2020/2021
- r<R Grafik E – R
𝑄𝑒𝑛𝑐
∮ 𝐸⃗⃗ ⋅ 𝑑𝐴⃗ =
𝜀0
𝑄 𝑟
𝐸(4𝜋𝑟 2 ) = ⋅
𝜀0 𝑅 3
- r>R
𝑄
𝐸=
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 2
KONDUKTOR BERMUATAN
Grafik E – R
Q -Q
nQ
- r<a
𝑄
KONDUKTOR PEJAL 𝐸(4𝜋𝑟 2 ) =
𝜀0
𝑄
𝐸=
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 2
- a<r<b
𝑄 + (−𝑄)
𝐸(4𝜋𝑟 2 ) =
𝜀0
𝐸=0
- r>b
Σ𝑄
𝐸=
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 2
𝑄+(−𝑄)+𝑛𝑄 𝑛𝑄
*𝐸 = 4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 2
= 4𝜋𝜀 2
0𝑟
- r<R
𝐸=0 Grafik E – R
- r>R
𝑄
𝐸(4𝜋𝑟 2 ) =
𝜀0
𝑄
𝐸=
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 2
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UTS 1 FISIKA DASAR IIA 2020/2021
POTENSIAL LISTRIK
q0 Δ𝑉 = Δ𝑈
𝑑𝑉
𝐸=−
𝑑𝑠
𝑞
𝑉=𝜅
𝑟
−𝑞0 𝑑𝑉 = 𝑞0 𝐸(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)𝑑𝑠
𝜕𝑉
𝐸𝑠 = −
𝜕𝑠
𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑉
*𝐸𝑥 = − 𝜕𝑥 ; 𝐸𝑦 = − 𝜕𝑦 ; 𝐸𝑧 = − 𝜕𝑧
1 𝑞 −𝑞 𝐸⃗⃗ = −∇
⃗⃗𝑉
𝑉𝑝 = 𝑉𝑝 + + 𝑉𝑝− = 4𝜋𝜀 (+ 𝑟 + 𝑟−
) =
0 +
𝑞 𝑑𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
4𝜋𝜀0
⋅ 𝑟2
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UTS 1 FISIKA DASAR IIA 2020/2021
1 2 3 Menghitung kapasitansi:
A~∞
𝜎 𝜎𝑑
𝐸= ;𝑉 =
𝜀0 𝜀0
KAPASITANSI
𝑞
𝑑𝑠⃗ = 𝑑𝑟⃗ ⋅ 𝑟, 𝐸⃗⃗ = 𝑟̂
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟
𝑞𝑒𝑛𝑐
∮ 𝐸⃗⃗ 𝑑𝐴⃗ =
𝜀0
𝑞 𝑏
𝑞 𝑉= ln ( )
𝐶= 2𝜋𝜀𝐿 𝑎
𝑉
Maka kapasitansinya
Satuan: Farad (Coulomb/Volt)
2𝜋𝜀0 𝐿
𝐶=
𝑏
ln (𝑎)
zephyr
UTS 1 FISIKA DASAR IIA 2020/2021
𝑞 1 1
𝑉= [ − ]
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑎 𝑏
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑎𝑏 1 𝑛 1
𝐶= = Σ𝑗=1 ( )
𝑏−𝑎 𝐶𝑒𝑞 𝐶𝑗
RANGKAIAN KAPASITOR 𝐶1 : 𝐶2 : … = 𝑉1 : 𝑉2 : …
ENERGI KAPASITOR
Rapat energi
1
𝑢 = 𝜀0 𝐸 2
2
𝑞2 1 2 1
𝑈= = 𝐶𝑉 = 𝜀0 𝐴 ⋅ 𝑑𝐸 2
2𝐶 2 2
KAPASITOR DIELEKTRIK
𝑛
𝐶𝑒𝑞 = Σ𝑗=1 𝐶𝑗
𝐶1 : 𝐶2 : … = 𝑞1 : 𝑞2 : …
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UTS 1 FISIKA DASAR IIA 2020/2021
Muatan induksi
1
𝑞 ′ = 𝑞 (1 − )
𝑘
𝑑𝑞
𝑖=
𝑑𝑡
Parallel dan seri
𝑞 = ∫ 𝑖 𝑑𝑡
Seri
Parallel
Σ𝑖𝑖𝑛 = Σ𝑖𝑜𝑢𝑡
(Hukum Kirchoff)
DENSITAS ARUS
𝑖 = ∫ 𝐽⃗ ⋅ 𝑑𝐴⃗
𝑖
𝐽=
𝐴
Satuan:
Ampere/𝐌𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝟐
1
𝐾𝐴 + 𝑈𝐴 = 𝐾𝐵 + 𝑈𝐵 ; 𝑈 = 𝑞Δ𝑉; 𝐾 = 𝑚𝑣 2
2
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UTS 1 FISIKA DASAR IIA 2020/2021
LAJU HANYUT 𝜌𝐿
𝑅=
𝐴
HUKUM OHM
𝐿
𝑡=
𝑣𝑑
𝑞
𝑖= = 𝑛𝐴𝑒𝑣𝑑
𝑡
𝐽⃗ = (𝑛𝑒)𝑣
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑑
𝑉 = 𝑖𝑅
𝑉
*𝑅 =
𝑖
RESISTIVITAS
𝐸
𝜌=
𝐽
Satuan: 𝛀 ⋅m
KONDUKTIVITAS
1 𝐽
𝜎= =
𝜌 𝐸
Satuan: 1/𝛀m
RESISTANSI
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UTS 1 FISIKA DASAR IIA 2020/2021
𝑉2 𝑑𝑊 𝜀
𝑃 = 𝑉𝑖 = 𝑖 2 𝑅 = 𝜀= ⇒𝑖=
𝑅 𝑑𝑞 𝑅
𝜌 = 𝜌0 [1 + 𝛼(𝑇 − 𝑇0 ) Σ𝜀 + Σ𝑖𝑅 = 0
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UTS 1 FISIKA DASAR IIA 2020/2021
SERI 𝑉1 = 𝑉2 = ⋯ = 𝑉𝑛 = 𝑉𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
−𝜀 + 𝑖𝑅 + 𝑖𝑟 = 0
𝜀
𝑖=
𝑅+𝑟
𝑛
𝑅𝑒𝑞 = Σ𝑗=1 𝑅𝑗 BEDA POTENSIAL ANTARA DUA TITIK
𝑅1 : 𝑅2 : … = 𝑉1 : 𝑉2 : …
𝑖1 = 𝑖2 = ⋯ = 𝑖𝑛 = 𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
PARALLEL
𝑉𝑏 − 𝜀 + 𝑖𝑟 = 𝑉𝑎
𝜀
𝑉𝑏 − 𝑉𝑎 = 𝑅
𝑅+𝑟
𝑉𝑏 − 𝑉𝑎 = 𝜀 − 𝑖𝑟
GROUNDING
1 1
𝑅1 : 𝑅2 : … = : :…
𝑖 1 𝑖2
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UTS 1 FISIKA DASAR IIA 2020/2021
𝑖3 = 𝑖1 + 𝑖2
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UTS 1 FISIKA DASAR IIA 2020/2021
𝑑𝑞 𝜀 − 𝑡 GAYA MAGNETIK
𝑖= = 𝑒 𝑅𝐶
𝑑𝑡 𝑅
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗)
𝐹𝐵 = 𝑞(𝑣⃗ × 𝐵
𝑞 𝑡
𝑉𝐶 = = 𝜀 (1 − 𝑒 −𝑅𝐶 )
𝐶 = |𝑞|𝑣𝐵 sin 𝜙
Kapasitor kosong, 𝒕 = 𝟎 ⇒ Seperti KAWAT
BIASA
Satuan: Newton
Kapasitor penuh, 𝒕 = ∞ ⇒ Memberhentikan
arus lewat, ARUS TIDAK AKAN LEWAT
CABANG BERKAPASITOR
Mengosongkan kapasitor
Sehingga
𝑡
𝑞 = 𝑞0 𝑒 −𝑅𝐶
𝑑𝑞 𝑞0 𝑡
𝑖= = − ( ) 𝑒 −𝑅𝐶
𝑑𝑡 𝑅𝐶
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UTS 1 FISIKA DASAR IIA 2020/2021
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
Karena |𝐹 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐸 | = |𝐹𝐵 |
𝐸 = 𝑣𝐵
Frekuensi rotasi 𝐹𝐵 = 𝐵 ⋅ 𝑖 ⋅ 𝐿
1 |𝑞|𝐵
𝑓= =
𝑇 𝑚𝑣
𝑣 |𝑞|𝐵
𝜔= =
𝑟 𝑚
EFEK HALL
I I I I
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UTS 1 FISIKA DASAR IIA 2020/2021
𝜏𝐵 = 𝑟⃗ × ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝐹𝐵 = 𝑟⃗ × 𝑖 𝐿⃗⃗ × 𝐵
⃗⃗
𝜇0 𝑖|𝑑𝑠⃗ × 𝑟̂ | 𝜇0 𝑖 𝑑𝑠 sin 𝜃
𝑑𝐵 = ( ) ( 2 ) = ( )( )
4𝜋 𝑟 4𝜋 𝑟2
Momen magnetik
(Hukum Biot – Savart)
𝜇𝐵 = 𝑁 ⋅ 𝑖 ⋅ 𝐴
Konstanta permeabilitas ruang hampa:
Torsi 4𝜋 × 10−7 T ⋅ m ∕ A
∞
𝜏⃗ = 𝜇𝐵 𝐵 sin 𝜙 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝜇𝐵 × 𝐵⃗⃗ 𝐵 = ∫−∞ 𝑑𝐵
Satuan: Newton/Meter 𝜇𝑜 𝑖
𝐵=
2𝜋𝑟
DIPOL MAGNETIK
Momen magnetik
𝜇𝐵 = 𝑁𝑖𝐴 ⋅ 𝑛⃗⃗
⃗⃗.
Arah momen magnetik mengikuti arah 𝐵
Energi
𝑈 = −𝜇
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐵⋅𝐵
⃗⃗
zephyr
UTS 1 FISIKA DASAR IIA 2020/2021
Dengan 𝜙 adalah
panjang busur
lingkaran.
Satuan: Radian
𝜇0 𝑖
𝐵= 𝜙
4𝜋𝑅
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐹𝐵 = 𝑖𝐿⃗⃗ × 𝐵
⃗⃗
𝜇0 𝑖𝑎
𝐵𝑎 =
2𝜋𝑑
ds
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐹𝐵𝑏𝑎 = 𝑖𝑏 𝐿⃗⃗ × 𝐵
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎
i
𝜇0 𝐿𝑖𝑎 𝑖𝑏
𝐹𝐵𝑏𝑎 =
2𝜋𝑑
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UTS 1 FISIKA DASAR IIA 2020/2021
SOLENOIDA
∮ 𝐵 𝑑𝑠 = 𝜇0 𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐
𝐵(2𝜋𝑟) = 𝜇0 𝑖
𝜇0 𝑖
𝐵=
2𝜋𝑟
𝑏 𝑐 𝑑 𝑎
⃗⃗ ⋅ 𝑑𝑠⃗ = ∫ 𝐵 + ∫ 𝐵 + ∫ 𝐵 + ∫ 𝐵
∫𝐵
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑑
𝜇0 𝑁𝑖
𝐵=
Jika rapat arus tersebar merata pada kawat 𝑙
𝑁
𝑖 = 𝐽𝐴 * 𝑙 = 𝑛 *𝐵 = 𝜇0 𝑛𝑖
𝑖 𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐 𝑖 𝜋𝑟 2 𝑟2
𝐽= = ;𝑖 = 𝐴 =𝑖 2=𝑖 2
𝐴 𝐴𝑒𝑛𝑐 𝑒𝑛𝑐 𝐴 𝑒𝑛𝑐 𝜋𝑅 𝑅
TOROIDA
𝑟2
𝐵(2𝜋𝑟) = 𝜇0 𝑖 2
𝑅
𝜇0 𝑖
𝐵= 𝑟
2𝜋𝑅 2
GRAFIK B – R
𝜇0 𝑁𝑖
𝐵=
2𝜋𝑟
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