CHM421

EXPERIMENT 3: NEUTRALIZATION CAPACITY OF COMMERCIAL

ANTACID TABLET

DATE OF EXPERIMENT: 12th APRIL 2021

NAME NUR ALIYA BINTI IKMAL HISHAM

PROGRAMME AS2532A1
STUDENT ID 2020479994

LECTURE NAME: DR. MOHD AZRI AB RANI

ABSTRACT
This experiment was done to determine the neutralization capacity of a commercial antacid
tablet. This experiment started with the preparation of 250mL of 0.5M HCl solution by diluting
20.8mL of 6.0M of HCl solution. The standard NaOH solution from the previous experiment
was used for the standardization of acid against it and the determination of neutralization
capacity of a commercial antacid tablet. The tablet was dissolved in excess acid with a known
concentration and was standardised with the standard NaOH to identify the volume excess acid.
This method used was the back titration method. The neutralization of the commercial antacid
table was 2.9566 × 10−3 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑔. The mass of hydroxide obtained in the tablet was 0.0918g
and the percentage of hydroxide inside the tablet was 15.08%.

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this experiment is to determine the neutralization capacity of a commercial
antacid tablet. At the same time, this experiment’s goal is to prepare the hydrochloric acid
solution and to standardize the acid against sodium hydroxide.

INTRODUCTION
Antacid tablets are used to treat heartburn or indigestion by neutralizing the excess acid in the
stomach which causes the heartburn. This is due to the active ingredient in antacid tablets which
is usually carbonate ion (CO3 2− ) or hydroxide ion (OH − ). In this experiment, the mass and
percentage of OH − or “equivalent hydroxide” in the tablet, where the neutralizing capacity of
two moles of hydroxide is equal to one mole of carbonate. Many antacids did not dissolve in
water; however, its can be dissolve in HCl. As the HCl used is in excess, some of it will react
to the base in the tablet. The remaining HCl is then analysed with the standard NaOH solution
from previous experiment. The difference in the amount of HCl added initially and the
remaining HCl is the amount of HCl that reacts with the antacid and hence the neutralization
capacity of the antacid tablet. With the calculated amount of HCl that reacts, the mass and the
percentage of hydroxide or “equivalent hydroxide” in the tablet.

METHOD
A. Preparation of the hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution.
This experiment began with the preparation of HCl solution. This can be done by calculating
the volume of 6.0 M HCl which is needed to prepare 250mL of 0.5 M HCl and the rough
volume of distilled water required. Once calculated, 80% of the required distilled water was
poured into a 500mL conical flask. Then, the calculated volume of 6.0 M HCl was transferred
using a measuring cylinder to the flask. Once done, distilled water is added into the flask until
the 250mL mark. The flask then is covered with Parafilm and the solution was mixed well and
had been labelled.
B. Standardization of the acid against sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
In this procedure, NaOH solution will be used to standardize the HCl solution. The standard
NaOH solution was rinsed and filled a 50mL burette and the initial reading was recorded.
10.0mL of prepared HCl solution was accurately pipetted and transferred unto a conical flask.
Next, about 20mL of distilled water was added together with 3 drops of phenolphthalein
indicator into the flask. The solution was titrated to the endpoint with the standard NaOH
solution and the final volume of the titrant was recorded. The titration was repeated at least
twice.
C. Determination of neutralization capacity of an antacid acid
The burette from before is refilled with NaOH solution. Then, one antacid tablet is obtained
that is provided in the laboratory. The tablet was weighed, and its mass was recorded. Once
weighed, the tablet was carefully crushed using a mortar and pestle. The crush tablet was then
split into samples of about similar weights. Each sample was reweighed to the nearest
milligram and the mass of each samples was recorded. After that, each sample was transferred
into a clean 250mL conical flask. 25mL of distilled water was pour into the flask which
contained the crushed tablet followed by 25mL of standard acid. The contents were then heated
up using a Bunsen burner and the solution was boiled for 5 minutes. The solution was tested
with a litmus paper for only containing acid solution. The solution cooled down to a room
temperature due to the flask being immersed in a container of tap water. 5 drops of methyl
orange indicator were added before the solution was titrated to the endpoint using the standard
base. This titration was repeated with the other sample and all the data was recorded.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

DATA AND CALCULATION
A. Preparation of the hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution.
Volume of 6.0M HCl needed to prepare 250 mL of 0.5M HCl = 20.8mL
𝑀1 𝑉1 = 𝑀2 𝑉2

(6.0𝑀)𝑉1 = (0.5𝑀)(250𝑀𝐿)

(0.5𝑀)(250𝑚𝐿)
𝑉1 = = 20.8𝑚𝐿
(6.0𝑀)

B. Standardization of the acid against sodium hydroxide (NaOH).

Concentration of 𝐍𝐚𝐎𝐇= 0.198M
Number of titrations 1 2
Volume of the acid used (mL) 10.0 10.0
Final reading of NaOH 36.00 43.10
Initial reading of NaOH 6.00 11.10
Volume of NaOH used (mL) 30.00 32.00

𝐇𝐂𝐥 (𝐚𝐪) + 𝐍𝐚𝐎𝐇(𝐚𝐪) → 𝐍𝐚𝐂𝐥(𝐚𝐪) + 𝐇𝟐 𝐎(𝒍)

st
For 1 trial:
𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 NaOH = 0.198𝑀 × 0.030𝐿 = 5.94 × 10−3 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 HCl 1𝑀 𝑜𝑓 HCl
5.94 × 10−3 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 NaOH × × = 0.594𝑀 𝑜𝑓 HCl
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 NaOH 0.01 𝐿 𝑜𝑓 HCl
For 2nd trial:

𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 NaOH = 0.198𝑀 × 0.032𝐿 = 6.336 × 10−3 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠

1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 HCl 1𝑀 𝑜𝑓 HCl
6.336 × 10−3 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 NaOH × × = 0.6336𝑀 𝑜𝑓 HCl
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 NaOH 0.01 𝐿 𝑜𝑓 HCl
Average moles of HCl:
0.6336𝑀 𝑜𝑓 HCl + 0.594𝑀 𝑜𝑓 HCl
= 0.614M 𝑜𝑓 HCl
2
∑(𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥̅ )2 = (0.6336 − 0.614)2 + (0.594 − 0.614)2 = 7.8416 × 10−4

∑(𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥̅ )2 7.8416 × 10−4

𝜎=√ =√ = 0.028
𝑁−1 1

C. Determination of neutralization capacity of an antacid acid

Antacid contain hydroxide: Al(OH)3 , (Molar mass= 78g/mol)
Weight of 1 whole antacid acid = 0.6088 g

1 2
Weight of crushed antacid 0.2926 0.2895
tablet (g)
Volume of standard HCl 20.0 20.0
added (mL)
Volume of standard NaOH 46.80 36.80
(mL) First titration
Volume of standard NaOH 10.80 20.60
(mL) Second titration

Volume of standard NaOH 57.60 57.40

used (mL)

𝐇𝐂𝐥 (𝐚𝐪) + 𝐍𝐚𝐎𝐇(𝐚𝐪) → 𝐍𝐚𝐂𝐥(𝐚𝐪) + 𝐇𝟐 𝐎(𝒍)

1st Titration
Mol HCl (0.614𝑀)(0.02𝐿) = 0.01228
Mol NaOH required (0.198𝑀)(0.0576𝐿) = 0.01140
Mol acid neutralised 0.01228 − 0.01140
= 8.8 × 10−4
Total moles of HCl neutralised:
2nd Titration
(0.614𝑀)(0.02𝐿) = 0.01228
(0.198𝑀)(0.0574𝐿) = 0.01136
0.01228 − 0.01135
= 9.2 × 10−4

8.8 × 10−4 moles + 9.2 × 10−4 moles = 1.8 × 10−3 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠

Acid neutralizing capacity per gram of antacid:
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝐶𝑙 𝑛𝑒𝑢𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑑 1.8 × 10−3 𝑚𝑜𝑙
= = 2.9566 × 10−3 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑔
𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑 0.6088𝑔

𝐀𝐥(𝐎𝐇)𝟑 → 𝐀𝐥𝟑+ + 𝟑𝐎𝐇 −

Mass of Al(OH)3 :
78𝑔
Total moles of HCl neutralised × Molar mass of Al(OH)3 = (1.8 × 10−3 𝑚𝑜𝑙) ( ) = 0.1404𝑔
𝑚𝑜𝑙
1𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑜𝑓 Al(OH)3 ≡ 3 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑜𝑓 OH −

1.8 × 10−3 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑜𝑓 Al(OH)3 ≡ 5.4 × 10−3 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑜𝑓 OH −

Mass of OH − :
17𝑔
Moles of OH − × Molar mass of OH = (5.4 × 10−3 𝑚𝑜𝑙) ( ) = 0.0918𝑔
𝑚𝑜𝑙
Percentage(w/w):
0.0918
× 100% = 15.08%
0.6088
DISCUSSION
During the first part of this experiment, the preparation of 250mL of 0.5M HCl neede 20.8mL
of 6.0M HCl . This volume can be obtained by using the dilution formula. Next, the
standardization of HCl against NaOH which its molarity is 0.198M. The molarity of HCl
obtained from the 1st titration is 0.594M and for the 2nd titration is 0.6336M. The average
molarity of HCl is 0.614M with the standard deviation or uncertainty of ±0.028𝑀 . The
neutralization of the commercial antacid table was 2.9566 × 10−3 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑔 . The mass of
hydroxide obtained in the tablet was 0.0918g and the percentage of hydroxide inside the tablet
was 15.08%.

CONCLUSION
As a conclusion, all three objectives of this experiment was achievable.

QUESTIONS
1. Acid is always added to water, and never reverse. Why?
This is to avoid the solution boil very violently which can cause the concentrated
acid to splash out.

2. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of the antacid with HCl if the
antacid contains hydroxide ion.
3HCl + Al(OH)3 ↔ Al(Cl)3 + 3H2 O

3. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction if the antacid contains
carbonate ion.

3HCl + MgCO3 → MgCl + 3H2 O + CO2

REFERENCES
Zuraidah Abdullah Munir, Z. H. (2014). Analytical Chemistry Laboratory Manual. Shah
Alam, Selangor: Uitm Press.

Advanced Instructional Systems, Inc. and the University of California, Santa Cruz. (2011).
Lab 4 - Determination of the Amount of Acid Neutralized by an Antacid Tablet Using
Back Titration.
https://www.webassign.net/labsgraceperiod/ucscgencheml1/lab_4/manual.html.

Phillips, M. M. (2018, January 11). Taking antacids: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia.

MedlinePlus. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000198.htm.

Senese, F. (2018, February 23). Why is acid always added to water, and not the reverse?
General Chemistry Online: FAQ: Laboratory operations: Why is acid always added to
water, and not the reverse?
https://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/safety/faq/always-add-
acid.shtml#:~:text=A%20large%20amount%20of%20heat,acids%20are%20mixed%20
with%20water.&text=If%20you%20add%20water%20to,acid%20out%20of%20the%2
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