Text 2

The use of narcotics and illegal drugs does not merely have an impact on mental and behavioral
disorders. Even worse, drugs damage the heart and can lead to death. The effects of drugs on the
heart vary, ranging from mild, severe, to death.

There are three types of drugs that cause death in the heart muscle: cocaine, amphetamines, and
ecstasy. These three types of drug substances have a similar effect on the heart. They cause an
increase in the catecholamine hormone which makes the heart work harder. The effect of
consuming it is a sudden increase in blood pressure. As a result, the heart muscles’ demand for
oxygen increases. The long-term effect of using this type of drug can damage (tie walls of the blood
vessels, both the arteries and coronary arteries. This condition causes a tear in the blood vessel wall.
In addition, damage to the heart muscle can interfere with the heart’s pumping function and cause
heart rhythm disturbances. The heart rates can become very fast and a cardiac arrest can happen.

Other groups of drugs that damage the heart are LSD (Lysergic Acid Diethylamide) and psilocybin,
which causes hallucinations. The effect of these substances on the heart is an increase in the heart
rate and blood pressure though it is not as high as that caused by cocaine or amphetamines. A rare
but quite serious effect is a heart rhythm disorder in the form of tachyarrhythmia where the heart
rate increases very rapidly. The next prohibited substance is morphine and its derivatives.

Besides LSD, there is morphine which is a strong antidote to pain, but excessive use of this substance
will lead to addiction. The higher the dose is consumed, the greater is the effect in reducing the
heart’s performance. The fatal effects comprise, among others, shocks and cardiac arrest. Another
disorder found in morphine users is pulmonary edema, which is submerged lungs that can be fatal.
The last group is marijuana. In high doses, marijuana causes a decrease in blood pressure and heart
rate, which can lead to fatality. The most severe condition due to marijuana are cardiac arrest and
death.
(soal asli UTBK 2019)

8. What is the author’ main reason in writing the passage?

A. People’s misconceptions on the use and the danger of illegal drugs towards heart
B. The limited information of the danger of illegal drugs towards our heart
C. People’s misunderstanding about the danger of illegal drugs towards our heart
D. The lack of information about the types and the use of illegal drugs
E. The controversy on the use of narcotics and illegal drugs

7. Which conclusion is the most appropriate based on the passage?

A. The higher the dose of the drug consumed, the greater the impact on the heart’s health.
B. Taking small amounts of drugs under prescription is allowed for medical reasons only.
C. The less drug is consumed, the healthier the condition of one’s heart.
D. Illegal drugs of the LSD type have a fatal effect on the heart’s health.
E. Not consuming drugs can maintain heart’s optimum health.
5. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The use of narcotics an illegal drugs and its beneficial effect on its users
B. Type of narcotics n illegal drugs
C. The danger of using drugs towards human body
D. The negative impacts of using narcotics an illegal drugs towards human heart
E. Types of drugs and their effects on our health

6. Based on the passage, the effect of using large amounts of morphine is….
A. hallucinations among the users
B. dramatic increase in heart rates
*C. weakening of the hearts performance
D. trouble with the heart’s pumping function
E. decrease in blood pressure and heart rates
Smartphones, tablets and e-readers should have an automatic “bedtime mode” that stops them
disrupting people’s sleep, says a leading doctor. Professor Paul Gringras argued the setting should
filter out the blue light that delays the body clock and keeps people awake later into the evening.
The doctor, from Evelina Children’s Hospital in London, said every new mode 5 l was “bluer and
brighter”. He said manufacturers needed to show more “responsibility”.

As it gets darker in the evening, the body starts to produce the sleep hormone melatonin – which
helps people nod off. Certain wavelengths of light, those at the blue-green end of the spectrum, can
disrupt the system.

Professor Gringras was part of a study, published in Frontiers in Public Health, analysing the light
emitted by devices. It concluded there was a clear trend for new devices to be bigger, brighter, have
higher levels of contrast and 10 emit more blue light. The professor of children’s sleep medicine told
the BBC News website: “That is great for use in the day, but awful for use at night.

“There is converging data to say if you are in front of one of these devices at night-time it could
prevent you falling asleep by an extra hour. “He said some sleep-aware apps had already been
designed to reduce blue-green light emissions. And that a 15 bedtime mode could automatically
filter out the blue as software such as flux already does. He said there needed to be “more
responsibility from 15 manufacturers” and the “key is to automate it” Professor Gringras added: “It
is not good enough to say do less and accept this is the world we live in, they are fun devices but we
do need some protection on what they do at night-time.” (SBMPTN asli 2016)

9. The passage mainly discusses a topic on

A. sleep disorder and its cure
B. problems with new electronic gadgets
C. electronic gadgets that help people fall asleep
D. blue-green light found in electronic devices
*E. new technology that can help reduce sleep disruption

10. The word emitted in the third paragraph means ….

A. shaded
B. triggered
*C. produced
D. blocked
E. reflected

11 Who are responsible for the automation of the blue-green light that may be caused by electronic
devices, according to professor Gringras?
*a. Manufacturers
b. Scientists
c. Inventors
d. Users
e. Sellers
As well as getting more sleep, those who go to bed early and wake up early will probably also have a
better quality of sleep. The reason for this is that it means your sleep/wake cycle will be closer to the
rising and setting of the sun. This will then mean that your ‘internal pacemaker’ (your natural body
clock) is closer to the ‘external zeitgebers’ (the external cues that indicate what time it is). When the
sun is out, our body detects this and produces less melatonin so that your sleep will not be as deep.
In short then, the most restorative sleep is that which happens when it is darkest, which is usually
from around 10-11pm through to 5-6am.

Furthermore, if you often wake up late, you are constantly rushing in the morning, then you will be
getting your day off to about the worst start possible. This also means you are unlikely to get a
proper breakfast, and probably going to forget something, which definitely means you are going to
feel very stressed out and panicked. How about a huge shot of stress hormones to get you started?
It is not a good idea for your back to rush first thing in the morning either – seeing as it will be softer
and more easily injured when you first spring out of bed.

On the other hand, imagine being able to get up one or two hours before you need to leave. That
way you could make yourself a great breakfast, take a long hot shower, do some stretching or
meditation and maybe watch the news while you iron. You will find that as a result, you turn up to
work looking much belter, feeling much better and performing much better.
Waking up early can also be highly beneficial on the weekends as it means you get to be up during
the quieter times of day when no people around. As a result, you will have a few quiet hours to
watch your favourite show, to read the paper or a novel, or to work on a side-business.

(Adapted from; http://www.healtguidance.org/entry/17483/1/The-Benefits-of-Being-an-Early-

Riser..html)
(SBMPTN asli 2017)

12. The paragraph preceding the passage most likely discusses ….

A. sleep quality of those who go to bed early and wake up early
B. the importance of going to bed early and waking up early
C. one advantage of going to bed early and waking up early
D. the reasons of going to bed early and waking up early
E. how to increase quality of sleep by waking up early

13. What is the author’s attitude toward the topic of the passage?
A. Positive
B. Negative
C. Concerned
D. Approving
E. Uninterested

14. Based on the passage, the earlier people get up in the morning, the ….
A. more they need to work
B. better start they have for the day
C. better income they get from side-business
D. longer time they need to prepare themselves
E. longer time they need to make breakfast and iron their clothes

15. What is the best summary of the passage?

A. It is important for people to have a positive morning to probably have good time during the day,
This can be made possible by going to bed early, and waking up early. On weekends, positive
morning allows people to do things they cannot do during work days.
B. People who go to bed early and get up early can enjoy some benefits. Their cycle is similar to the
sun’s time, allowing them to have the most restorative sleep. On weekends they can have more time
to do things they cannot do during weekdays.
C. Early risers will probably have positive start in the morning. They have more time to enjoy
breakfast and prepare themselves for the day. On the other hand, getting up late will probably lead
to morning rush. This may influence people’s performance during the day negatively.
D. Going to bed early and waking up early result in some positive consequences: leading to a better
quality of sleep and having positive morning. One can have good breakfast and is well prepared for
activities during the day. On weekends, getting up early allow people more quiet time to do things
they cannot do during weekdays.
E. Having the habit of going to bed early and waking up early, people can enjoy several benefits:
having better quality of sleep because their cycle is similar to the sun’s time and having good
breakfast. Their weekends will be better than their weekdays