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Scientifically Based Research vs. Evidence Based Practices and Instruction 
 
Scientifically based research is the process by which instructional practices become evidence based. 
 
  Evidence based
  Education
                                                                                            
 
  Professional Empirical
  Wisdom Evidence
 
 
Individual Consensus Scientifically-Based Empirical
 
Experience Research Information 1
 
 
  Scientifically Based Research  Evidence Based Practice & Instruction 
Definition  In NCLB scientifically based research is  A program or instructional practice that is evidence 
defined as research that (1) Employs  based has gone through rigorous research and has 
systematic, empirical methods that draw on  demonstrated a record of success; there is reliable, 
observation or experiment (2) Involves  trustworthy and valid evidence to suggest the 
rigorous data analyses that are adequate to  program is effective; evidence supporting the 
test the stated hypothesis and justify the  practice should be scientifically based. 4&5 
general conclusion (3) Relies on   
measurement or observational methods that  Other common labels6: 
provide valid data across evaluators and  ‐Exemplary Programs 
observers, and across multiple measurements  ‐Effective Programs/Instruction 
and observations (4) Is accepted by a peer‐ ‐Model Programs 
reviewed or a panel of independent experts  ‐Proven Programs 
through comparatively rigorous, objective  ‐Science/Research‐based programs 
and scientific review. 2&3  ‐“What Works” 
   
Resources  • Technical Assistance Alliance for  • The What Works Clearinghouse (U.S. 
Parent Centers:  Department of Education): 
http://www.taalliance.org/resources http://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc/  
/Research.asp  • Social Programs That Work: 
• The Center for Comprehensive  www.evidencebaedprograms.org 
School Reform and Improvement:  • Center for Effective Collaboration and 
http://www.centerforcsri.org/index. Practice: http://cecp.air.org 
php?option=com_content&task=vie • The International Campbell Collaboration: 
w&id=204&Itemid=5  www.campbellcollaboration.org 
• What Works Clearinghouse:   
http://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc/ 
• The Access Center: 
http://www.k8accesscenter.org/trai
ning_resources/reasearchapproach.
asp 
 
 

                                                            
1
 Grover Whitehurst, U.S. Department of Education, Asst. Secretary, Educational Research and Improvement.  Retrieved 8/4/08 
from http://www.umass.edu/schoolcounseling/PPTs/EBP_Introduction.ppt 
2
 National Institute for Literacy (2005). “Using Research and Reason in Education: What is Scientifically Based Research? A Guide for 
Teachers” Retrieved August 1, 2008 from  http://www.nifl.gov/partnershipforreading/publications/html/science/stanovich.html 
3
 The Elementary and Secondary Education Act [34 CFR 300.35]  [20 U.S.C. 1411(e(2)(C)(xi)]  [sec. 9101(37) of the ESEA] 
4
 International Reading Association www.reading.org “What is Evidence Based Reading Instruction?” 
5
 Hood, International Reading Association 
6
 Monroe County, NY Youth Bureau “Linking Research with Practice in Youth Development” http://www.monroecounty.gov/youth‐index.php 

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