 As children advance in age, their interest change and with

these come changes in their bodies.

 At this stage that parents should respect their teenager’s

privacy and allow them enough space to grow , let them know
that their parents are always there ready to LISTEN and to
provide SUPPORT.
 The physical self refers the concrete dimensions of the
body , the tangible aspects of the person which can be
directly observed and examined.

 Physical characteristics defining traits or features of the

person’s body.

 Erik Erikson believed in the importance of the body from

development . The physical as well intellectual skills serves
a basis to a person has achieved a sense of competence
and be able to manage and face the demands of life
complexities.
 According to healthy children.org adolescence is divided into
three periods :
1. The first is early adolescence (from 11 to 14 years old).
2. The second is middle adolescence (from 15 years to 17 years
old).
3. The last stage is the late adolescence (from 18 to 21 years
old).
 According to Santrock (2016), puberty is not the same as
adolescence because puberty ends prior to the end the
adolescent period. Puberty as the most essential marker of
the beginning of adolescence.
 Girls reached puberty earlier than boys and experience
menarche which is her first menstrual flow.
 Boys two to three years later ,experience spermarche or
semenarche which is his first ejaculation or nocturnal
emission ( wet dreams)
 Santrock further explained that puberty is a brain-
neuroendocrine process occurring primarily in early
adolescence that triggers the rapid physical changes.
 The pituitary gland is the master endocrine gland that
controls growth and regulates the functions of all other
endocrine glands, including he gonads (ovaries for girls and
testes for boys).
 These hormones (oestrogen for girls) promote physical
changes such as increase in height , widening of the hips and
increases in fatty tissues in the breast.
 BODY IMAGE refers to the way one sees himself/ herself or the
way he/she imagines how he/she looks.”.
 Young adolescents usually experience “imaginary audience “
which refers to an egocentric state where the individual
imagines and believes that many people are actively listening
to or watching him or her.
 In social psychology, this phenomenon is called “spotlight
effect” which refers to the belief that others are paying more
attention to the person’s appearance and behaviour than they
really are.
 PERSONAL FACTORS
a. INTROSPECTION AND SELF- REFLECTION
Looking inward is one of the simplest way to achieve self
knowledge. According to Hewstone , et al., (2015),
introspection is the process by which one observes and
examines one’s internal state (mental and emotional).
b. SELF- PERCEPTION THEORY
As stated by hewstone (2015), Bem in 1972 self-
perception theory explains that since one’s internal states is
difficult to interpret, people can infer their inner states by
observing their own behaviour – as if they are an outside
observer. Physical perception includes all aspects of a person’s
perception of his physical self.
c. SELF – CONCEPT
Is a cognitive representation of self- knowledge which
includes the sum total of all beliefs that people have about
themselves. Physical self-concept is the individual’s perception
or description of his physical self, including his physical
appearance.
d. PERSONAL IDENTITY
Is the concept a person has about himself that develops
over the years. This includes aspects of his life that he was born
into like family, nationality, gender , physical traits as well as
the choices he makes, such as what he does for a living, who
his friends are and what we believes.
SOCIAL FACTORS
a. ATTACHMENT PROCESS AND SOCIAL APPRAISAL
According to Bowlby (1969), people learn about their value
and lovability when they experiences how their mothers or
caregivers care for them and respond to their needs.

b. MAINTAINING, REGULATING AND EXPANDING THE SELF

INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP
Aside from the attachment developed when individuals are
still young, the sense of the self is continuously shaped
through on going interaction with others or with significant
relationships partners.
c. THE LOOKING- GLASS SELF THEORY
Charles Horton Cooley stated that a person’s self grows out
of society’s interpersonal interactions and the perception of
others. The view of oneself comes from a compilation orf
personal qualities and impressions of how others perceive the
individual.
d. SOCIAL COMPARISON
Hewstone et.al (2015) cited the work of Leon Festinger in
1954 introduced another way of understanding oneself by
comparing one’s trait, abilities, or opinions to that of others.
Social comparison is a process of comparing oneself with others
in order to evaluate one’s own abilities and opinions.
UPWARD SOCIAL COMPARISON
Happens when an individual compare himself to others who
are better than him.
DOWNWARD SOCIAL COMPARISON
Happens when an individual compares himself to someone
who is in a worse situation than he is especially when he is
feeling so low.
 it was formulated by Tajfel and Turner in1979 which provides
a framework about how people achieve understanding about
themselves by being a member of their group
 it will enhance their self-esteem because they feel secured
with the shield of group membership where they belong
 social groups include gender, ethnicity, religion, profession,
political membership, and business organization
 CULTURE is defined as a social system that is characteized by
the shared meanings that are attributed to people and events
by its members (Hewstone, 2015)
 A significant aspect of culture that strongly influences
adolescents who are in a face-to-face encounter with their
physical selves in how their culture conceptualizes beauty.
 Merriam and webster defines that beauty as the quality of
being physically attractive or the qualities or a thing that give
pleasure to senses or the mind.
 EUROCENTRISM is define as tendency to interpret the world in
terms of European or Anglo-American values and
experiences.
 Extant standard of beauty has strong implications on how the
Filipinos in the society percieve beauty.
 The “tisoy” and “tisay” beauty standard is strongly promoted
in media today by casting actors that do not physically
resemble the everyday Filipino.
 An aspect of Eurocentrism called colorism is defined as “the
prejudicial or preferential treatment of same-race people
based solely of the color of the skin”
 Being fair-skinned gives the impression of beauty, health and
wealth.
 Dark-skinned Filipino tend to have negativ body image.
The message that society gives is that flat noses and dark
complexions do not define beauty.
Eurocentrism and colorism indeed have significant effects
on the body image and identities of the common Filipino.
 Hewstone et al., (2015) defines self-esteem as the overall
evaluation that a person has of himself which can be positive
or negative, high or low.
 Self-esteem is a measure of the person's self-worth based on
some personal or social standard.
 According to research, however, the level of self-esteem
fluctuates accross the life-span and may not always match
will reality (Santrock, 2014)
 Perception of their physical self when they look in the mirror
 Feelings of like or dislike about the physical self that they see.
 Their thoughts and how they relate to physical self
 Perception of how other people view them physically.
 A person with positive body will have a high
self-esteem and will often spend more time
taking care of their apperance. Also, the
attention that he gets for his physical beauty
elevates the level of his self-esteem. On the
other hand, when the person is not satisfied
with what he sees which affects that he does
not measure up to how his culture defines
beauty then he will have negative beauty image
and a low-self esteem.
 Society's ideals of the perfect physical form which are: for
women: white perfect skin, small waistline, big breast and
behind, long straight hair, long manicured nails, slender
and tall and for men: tall, tanned perfect skin, muscled
physique, with 6-pack abs.
 Images of perfection adolescents see in all types of media
i.e print, televison, film and internet. Mass media is a
powerful tool that reinforces cultural beliefs and values.
Thouh young people may initially disagree with the set
ideals of beauty, repeated exposure via media lead them to
believe in misconceptions
 Since a standard has been set by the society and reinforce by
media, any characteristic that does not conform to the
standard is labelled as ugly. Body diversity in size and
structure due to genetic heritability is not tolerated. Being
pretty and white skinned or tanned and muscular had become
associated with the intelligent, succesful, popular, healthy,
and the disciplined. Opposite characteristics are associated
with the dull, lazy, ugly, and the weak.
 Yes, beauty is important. But being
beautiful still depends how a person
defines beauty and standards he set to
meet this definition. It is a big mistake to
base beauty on someone else’s standard.
PEOPLE ARE DIFFERENT AND EACH ONE IS
UNIQUELY BEAUTIFUL.