Detailed Structural Analysis & Design Report

[
Of Residential Building

Submitted to
BHIMDUTTA MUNICIPALITY, KANCHANPUR

Designed & Submitted By:

Client’s Name: Indra
Technical Services & Solutions Pvt
Client’s Address:Bhimdutt-18, kanchanpur
Ltd,Mahendranagar

Chapter 1 Table of Contents

List of Tables iv
List of Figuresv

Chapter 2 Introduction................................................................................................................................. 6
2.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................................ 6
2.2 Objectives and Scope of Work..............................................................................................................6
2.3 Structural Components.......................................................................................................................... 6
2.4 Codes, Standards and References.......................................................................................................7
2.5 Structural Design Methodology..............................................................................................................7

Chapter 3 Design Philosophy and Approach..............................................................................................8

3.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................................ 8
3.2 Seismic Parameters...............................................................................................................................8
3.3 Overall Design Procedure.................................................................................................................... 11

Chapter 4 Basic Materials.........................................................................................................................11

4.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................... 11
4.2 Concrete.............................................................................................................................................. 11
4.3 Reinforcing Steel................................................................................................................................. 12
4.4 Soil Bearing Capacity..........................................................................................................................12

Chapter 5 Modeling and Analysis.............................................................................................................12

5.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................... 12
5.2 Modeling of Structural System.............................................................................................................12
5.2.1 Beams........................................................................................................................................... 12
5.2.2 Roof (or Slab)................................................................................................................................ 12
5.2.3 Columns........................................................................................................................................ 12

Chapter 6 Loads........................................................................................................................................ 13
6.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................... 13
6.2 Gravity Load........................................................................................................................................ 13
6.3 Seismic Load....................................................................................................................................... 16
6.3.1 Code-based Design...................................................................................................................... 16
6.4 Analysis Procedures............................................................................................................................17
6.4.1 Code Based Design...................................................................................................................... 17
6.5 Component and Member Design.........................................................................................................18

Chapter 7 Structural Design Results.........................................................................................................18

7.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................... 18
7.2 Analysis Results.................................................................................................................................. 18
7.2.1 Base Shear................................................................................................................................... 20
7.2.2 Story Drift...................................................................................................................................... 20
7.2.3 Deformation................................................................................................................................... 21
7.3 Concrete Column Design..................................................................................................................... 22

Chapter 8 Results and Output...................................................................................................................22

8.1 Analysis for Building Block...................................................................................................................22
8.1.1 Introduction:.................................................................................................................................. 22
8.1.2 Footing Design for Residential Building Block:.............................................................................23
8.2 Typical Staircase Design.....................................................................................................................28

Chapter 9 Summary.................................................................................................................................. 29
9.1 Summary............................................................................................................................................. 29
9.1.1 Beam design summary.................................................................................................................30
9.1.2 Column Design Summary.............................................................................................................31

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 9.1.3 Footing Design Summary..............................................................................................................34
9.1.4 Slab Design Summary..................................................................................................................34
9.1.5 Staircase Design Summary...........................................................................................................35

Appendix A: Sample Design for RC Column..................................................................................................36

Appendix B: Sample Design for RC Beam.....................................................................................................37

APPENDIX C: COLUMN , BEAM CAPACITY RATIO CHECK.......................................................................38

APPENDIX D: CHECKLIST FOR RCC STRUCTURE....................................................................................39

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List of Tables
Table 1:Typical Structural Member and Components...............................................................................................................7

Table 2:Codes and Standards....................................................................................................................................................7

Table 3: Importance factor........................................................................................................................................................ 9

Table 4: Structural Performance factor...................................................................................................................................10

Table 5: Compressive Strength of concrete.............................................................................................................................11

Table 6 :Yield Strength of Reinforcing steel...........................................................................................................................12

Table 7:Wall load to be applied on members..........................................................................................................................13

Table 8:Dead & imposed live load on area elements..............................................................................................................15

Table 9: Limit State Load Combinations used in Code-based Design.....................................................................................16

Table 10: Analysis Procedures for Code Base Design............................................................................................................17

Table 11: Component and Member Design.............................................................................................................................18

Table 12: Beam design Summary...........................................................................................................................................31

Table 13:Column Design summary.........................................................................................................................................34

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List of Figures

Figure 1: Subsoil type Vs Time period.....................................................................................................................................9

Figure 2:partition load applied on beams................................................................................................................................14

Figure 3:External wall load applied on beams........................................................................................................................14

Figure 4:parapet load applied on beams..................................................................................................................................14

Figure 5:live load applied on slabs..........................................................................................................................................15

Figure 6:roof live applied on slabs..........................................................................................................................................16

Figure 7: Axial Force diagram (udcon1 )................................................................................................................................19

Figure 8: Shear Force diagram (udcon1).................................................................................................................................19

Figure 9: BMD-3D (udcon1)..................................................................................................................................................20

Figure 10: Displacement of 3d model (Eqy)...........................................................................................................................21

Figure 11:Displacement of 3d model (EqX)...........................................................................................................................21

Figure 12:beam-column-foundation Layout plan....................................................................................................................22

Figure 13JOINT PLAN.......................................................................................................................................................... 23

Figure 14: ground Floor Reinforment required.......................................................................................................................30

Figure 15:1St floor reinforcement...........................................................................................................................................30

Figure 16:Grid-A reinforcment required(mm2)......................................................................................................................31

Figure 17: Grid-B Reinforment required................................................................................................................................32

Figure 18:grid-C longitudinal reinforcment required(mm2)...................................................................................................32

Figure 19: grid-D longitudinal reinforcment...........................................................................................................................33

Figure 20:grid-E longitudinal reinforcment required..............................................................................................................33

Figure 21: C/B capacity ratio>1.2,ALL PASSED...................................................................................................................38

Figure 22:PMM Interaction diagram.......................................................................................................................................38

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Chapter 2 Introduction

2.1 Introduction

This report presents the structure analysis and design of Residetntial building. The building is Special Reinforced
Concrete Moment Resisting Frame (SMRF) type of building. It is designed to meet both strength and serviceability
requirements when subjected to gravity and earthquake loads.
The analysis and design has been based on IS codes & Nepal building code that are in practice in Nepal. This report
consists of the design assumptions, design methodology, design inputs and outputs, and sample design of structural
members.

2.2 Objectives and Scope of Work

The main objectives of the work were to perform the structural design of the building in terms of
suitability of the structural system, cost effectiveness, efficient use of materials and other resources,
conformance to the acceptable building codes, standards and established engineering practices, with
special emphasis on the effects due to earthquakes and other applicable demands.
The scope of work is divided into two phases.
Phase I: Structural System Development
Structural system is developed to achieve the good performance and cost effectiveness in collaboration
with the project architects.
1) Review architectural drawings provided by the client and other related documents as necessary.
2) Develop structural concepts and the structural system with an objective to achieve good performance
and cost effectiveness.
Phase II: Detailed Structural Design
Structural design is carried out using state-of-the-art methodologies, techniques, technologies, and tools.
References were made to the relevant design codes, standards, and documents.
1) Develop design criteria to be used for the structural design of the building.
2) Create finite element models of the structure with varying complexities and refinements as suitable to
understand the response.
3) Carry out an analysis and design of the structure, progressively using linear-static techniques.
4) Carry out detailed design and prepare structural design drawings.

2.3 Structural Components

The components of structural system used for this report are summarized in the following table.

Table 1:Typical Structural Member and Components

Structural System Element Typical Component Size of component

Types

Special RC moment-resisting frame (SMRF Foundation RC FOOTING(isolated) 5’x5’

Building)
Column RC sections 12"X12"

Beam RC sections 12"x9"

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 Plinth beams RC beam 12"x9"

Lintels RC beam 4"

Walls Non-load bearing walls 9", 4.5"

Roof system RC-Slab 5"

2.4 Codes, Standards and References

The structural design is based primarily on the current Standards of Indian & Nepal codes, which is
prevailingly adopted for the structural design of the buildings in Nepal.
The basic building codes to be referred are listed below which were followed for structural design, also
indicating their area of application.
Table 2:Codes and Standards

SNo Codes andStandards Description

.

1 IS 456: 2000 Plain and Reinforced Concrete - Code of Practice

2 NBC 102: 1994 Code of Practice for Design Loads (other than Earthquake) for Buildings
and Structures: Part 1 Dead Loads – UnitWeights of Building Material and
Stored Materials (Second Revision)
3 NBC 103: 1994 Code of Practice for Design Loads (other than Earthquake) for Buildings
and Structures: Part 2 Imposed Loads (Second Revision)
4 NBC 104: 1994 Code of Practice for Design Loads (other than Earthquake) for Buildings
and Structures: Part 3 Wind Loads (Second Revision)
5 SP 34: 1987 Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement and Detailing
6 IS 13920: 1993 Ductile detailing of reinforced concrete structures subjected to seismic
forces - Code of practice
7 NBC 105: 1994 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of structures
The structural analysis and design were carried out using relevant Indian Codes of Practice. The earthquake loading were
carried out using IS1893 2002. The structural reinforced concrete design of foundation, column, beam and slab were
done based on IS 456. Also, the system has been designed to meet the ductility requirements of IS 13920.

2.5 Structural Design Methodology

SAP2000 version 22 was used for the linear static analysis and design of three-dimensional structures, in
which the spatial distribution of the mass and stiffness of the structure was adequate for the calculation of
the significant features of structures.
The structural elements of reinforced concrete were designed to Limit State Theory, while the structural
steel elements were designed to the Permissible Stress Theory. The major structural elements were
automatically designed in the programmer to IS 456 for reinforced concrete structures elements, while the
certain design calculations for those not properly figured due to the limitation of program were manually
carried out in accordance with the relevant latest standards.

Chapter 3 Design Philosophy and Approach

3.1 Introduction
This chapter presents the design philosophy and approach used in structural design of buildings.

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3.2 Seismic Parameters
This section describes the seismic parameters taken for analysis of each commercial/residential building.

Seismic Coefficient Method:

(Nepal Standard: NS 105:1994)
Horizontal Seismic Base Shear
According to Nepal Standard NS:105: 1994, the horizontal seismic shear force acting at the base of the
structure, in the direction being considered, shall be :
Vb = Cd*Wt
Where, Cd is basic seismic coefficient.
Cd =C*Z*I*K

Horizontal Seismic Forces

The horizontal seismic force at each level (i) shall be taken as:
Fi= Vb Wihi/ ΣWihi

The set of equivalent static forces specified above were assumed to act simultaneously at each level in the
direction being considered and were applied through points eccentric to the centre of rigidity.

Fundamental Natural Period(NS 105:1994):

The approximate fundamental natural period of vibration ( T ), in seconds, for moment-resisting frame
buildings without brick infill panels, was estimated by the empirical expression:
T = 0.06 h 0.75
Where
h = Height of building
Base seismic coefficient (c):
To determine the seismic load, it is considered that the country lies in the seismic zone z=0.91 according to
NBC-105. The soil is subsoil typeIII. The building is analyzed as moment resisting frame without
consideration of infill wall. Therefore the base seismic coefficient is obtained by using the following graph
of time period vs soil type:

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Figure 1: Subsoil type Vs Time period

Importance factor(I):
Importance factor for the calculation of seismic is taken as on the following type
Table 3: Importance factor

S.N Types of Building Importance factor

1 Residential Building 1
2 Public & commercial Building 1.5

Zone factore(z):
zone factors for different municipalities and other regions are given in below table and region

Structural performance factor(k):

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 The minimum permissible value of the structural performance factor, K, and associated detailing
requirements shall be as given in Table 8.2.
The structural type may be different in each of two directions in a building and in that case the appropriate
value for K shall be selected for each direction.
When more than one structural type is used in the structure, for the direction under consideration, the
structural performance factor for the element providing the majority of the seismic load resistance shall be
applied provided that the elements of the other structural types have the ability to accept the resulting
deformations.
Table 4: Structural Performance factor

s.n Structural type Minimum detailing requirements Structural

performance factor(k)

1 Ductile moment-resisting frame Must comply with the detailing for ductility 1.0
requirements.
2 Frame as in 1 with reinforced concrete shear walls Reinforced concrete shear walls must comply with 1.0
appropriate3 detailing for ductility requirement
3 Frame as in 1(a) with masonry infills Must comply with the detailing for ductility 21.2
requirements.
4 Frame as in 1 with either steel bracing members Steel bracing members must comply with the 1.51.2
detailed for ductility or reinforced concrete infill detailing for ductility requirements NBC 111-94.
panels

3.3 Overall Design Procedure

Analysis and design of the buildings was performed according to the following steps for each structural
system.

Preparation of Planning &

Structural Architectural
drawings drawings

Structural
Modification (if
members
needed)
Preliminary Design

Design(IS456:2000) SAP or Etabs

& Checks Modelling

Analysis (linear
static or
Loap
dyanmic)& Checks(
Application(DL ,
torsional
LL , E-quake, wind
irregularity, drift,
etc.)
soft storey, mass
irregularity

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Chapter 4 Basic Materials

4.1 Introduction
This chapter presents the strength of materials used in the design of structural components.

4.2 Concrete

The minimum compressive, used in different types of structural components are shown in the following
table.
Table 5: Compressive Strength of concrete

Standard Member f'c (Nominal) f'c (Expected)

(MPa) (MPa)
NBC 102 : Footings 20 20
1994
NBC 102 : Beams 20 20
1994
NBC 102 : Columns 20 20
1994

4.3 Reinforcing Steel

Minimum yield strength of reinforcing steel to be used in the design is shown in the following table.
Table 6 :Yield Strength of Reinforcing steel

Diameter fy (Nominal) fy (Expected)

(MPa) (MPa)
10mm and below 415 456.5

12 mm and 500 550

above

4.4 Soil Bearing Capacity

Three types of Soil type were considered in the current design. The geometrical size of footing was
determined considering the allowable bearing capacity as 150 KN/m2 respectively.

Chapter 5 Modeling and Analysis

5.1 Introduction

This chapter presents the finite element modeling of the building, including modeling assumptions of
materials, sections, and components properties.

5.2 Modeling of Structural System

Complete, three-dimensional elastic models were created, representing the structure’s spatial distribution
of the mass and stiffness to an extent that was adequate for the calculation of the significant features of the
building’s linear response. ETABS was used as analysis tool. Nominal material properties were used in
modeling of structural components. The models include columns, beams, slabs, and roof truss.

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5.2.1 Beams
Frame elements were used in modeling of beams, which includes the effects of bending, torsion, axial
deformation, and shear deformations. Insertion points and end offsets were applied to account for the finite
size of beam and column intersections, if required. The end offsets may be made partially or fully rigid
based on engineering judgment to model the stiffening effect that can occur when the ends of an element
were embedded in beam and column intersections.

5.2.2 Roof (or Slab)

Concrete thin shell elements were used in modeling of slab. Slab should be design in such a way that its
thickness is suitable on application of all loads within its maximum deflection criteria.

5.2.3 Columns
Frame elements were used in modeling of columns, which includes the effects of biaxial bending, torsion,
axial deformation, and biaxial shear deformations. Insertion points and end offsets were applied to account
for the finite size of beam and column intersections, if required. The end offsets may be made partially or
fully rigid based on engineering judgment to model the stiffening effect that can occur when the ends of an
element were embedded in beam and column intersections.

Chapter 6 Loads

6.1 Introduction
This chapter presents the design loads considered in the structural design, including gravity loads and
seismic loads.

6.2 Gravity Load

Self-weight of the structure was considered as dead load and finishes and partitions were considered as
imposed dead load. Live load was determined in accordance with occupancy or use. The following loads
are in addition to the self-weight of the structure. The minimum loading requirements were taken from NS
101-1994.

Table 7:Wall load to be applied on members

WALL LOAD CALCULATIONS

S. Wall type Unit Wall Floor Slab Beam Clear Load

N weight(kN Thickness( Height( Depth( Depth( Height( Applied(k
/m3) mm) mm) mm) mm) mm) N/m)
1 FULL BRICK 19.2 250 3048 125 300 2623 11.583
WALL
2 Full Brick             8.108
Wall with
Openings
(applied
70% of (1))
3 HALF BRICK 19.2 120 3048 125 300 2623 5.792
  WALL(PARTI              

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 TION)
4 Half Brick             4.054
Wall with
Openings
(applied
70% of (2))
5 Parapet 19.2 120 0 0 0 1200 2.650
Wall

Figure 2:partition load applied on beams

Figure 3:External wall load applied on beams

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 Figure 4:parapet load applied on beams

Table 8:Dead & imposed live load on area elements

Occupancy or Live Load Imposed Dead Load

Use
Bedrooms 2.5 KN/m2 To be computed for actual finishes
and partitions
Corridors,balcon 3.0 KN/m2 To be computed for actual finishes
y and partitions
Roof 1.5 KN/m2 To be computed for inaccessible
except for maintenance
Floor finish 1.5 KN/m2 To be computed for floor
finished applied on the floor

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Figure 5:live load applied on slabs

Figure 6:roof live applied on slabs

6.3 Seismic Load

The basic seismic input was determined from NS 105:1994

Seismic weight: Comprises Dead Load+ 25% of Live Load (as per IS Code for live load intensity
2
 3 KN/m )

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 Seismic wt. at ith floor level (W I) = (Total dead load of all components i.e. Beam, Slab, Columns And Walls
for ½ height above and ½ height below the floor level + 25% of live load)

n
Total Weight of the frame, W=  Wi Where, n = total number of storey
I=1

6.3.1 Code-based Design

6.3.1.1 Combinations for Limit State Method (NS 105:1994)

Limit State Method design load combinations used in code-based design are shown in the following table.
(Ref: IS 1893:2002)
Table 9: Limit State Load Combinations used in Code-based Design

No. Load Combination

1 1.5(DL+LL)

2 1.2(DL+LL±EL)

3 1.5(DL±EL)

4 0.9DL ± 1.5 EL

where: DL = Dead load

LL = Live load
EL = Earthquake load
Live load was not included in the mass calculations.

6.4 Analysis Procedures

6.4.1 Code Based Design

Analysis procedure of the code-based design was shown in the table below.
Table 10: Analysis Procedures for Code Base Design

LOAD CASE ANALYSIS

PROCEDURES
Gravity load Linear Static
Earthquake Linear Static
load
Live Load Linear Static

6.4.1.1 Base Shear & Distribution of Base Shear

The seismic weight at each level, Wi, were taken as the sum of the dead loads and the seismic live loads
between the mid-heights of adjacent storeys. 100% of dead load, superimposed dead load and 25% of live
load upto 3 kN/m 2 and 50% of live load above 3 KN/m 2were considered as mass source.

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 As Per NBC 105:

Total Horizontal Base Shear V= C d  W

Where, Cd = CZIK

Location of site = Mahendranagar      

Type of building = Residential  
Importance factor (I) = 1  
   
Zone z = 0.92  
Performance factor k = 1  
NO OF STOREY = 2  
Height of building = 6.096 m  
   
As per clause 7.3 of NBC 105 fundamental time period of building is given by
T = 0.233 sec  
   
For this time period and Type III soil Basic seismic coefficient  
C = 0.08 [fig 8.1 NBC 105 ]  
Design base shear coefficient Cd = 0.0736  
   
Seismic weight = 1848.87 kN  
Base shear = 136.08 kN  
   
             

6.4.1.2 Linear Static Procedure (LSP)

Linear static analysis was carried out for gravity and earthquake loadings.

6.5 Component and Member Design

The structural components were designed to satisfy the strength and ductility requirements. Strength
capacities for different types of actions considered in the design are summarized in the table below.
Table 11: Component and Member Design

Structural System Component Design Code

Approach/Consideration Reference
Special RC moment RC beams Flexural response IS 456:2000
Resisting frame Shear
RC columns Compression IS 456:2000
Flexure
Shear
Footings Bearing capacity of soil IS 456:2000
Flexural, shear

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 RC connections Moment connections IS 456:2000
Shear connections

Chapter 7 Structural Design Results

7.1 Introduction
This chapter presents the analysis and design results of the building. The structural components were
designed to resist the elastic demand forces considering R factor using seismic coefficient analysis method.

7.2 Analysis Results

The analysis results for the building are tabulated in section capture 7. Axial force diagram, Bending
Moment diagram, Shear Force diagram for certain load combinations are given below

Figure 7: Axial Force diagram (udcon1 )

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 Figure 8: Shear Force diagram (udcon1)

Figure 9: BMD-3D (udcon1)

7.2.1 Base Shear

The base shear was compared in the above tie beam level. Total weight of building above tie beam level
and base shear is shown as in table in capture 7 below.Base shear distribution is given below

7.2.2 Story Drift

Maximum drift was calculated based on the SMRF structure. The deflection deviation from SAP2000 uses
to obtain the maximum drift for center of diaphragm for individual floor

Drift check(Y-direction)
Store height( Absolute Relative permissible chec
y LoadCase m) Drift(mm) Drift(mm) drift k
Groun EqX 3.048 0 0 12.192 OK

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 d
1st EqX 3.048 1.94 1.94 12.192 OK
2nd EqX 3.048 3.39 1.45 12.192 OK
Overall height = 6.10 meters
Max drift = 3.82 mm
Permissible
= Safe
drift 24 mm

Drift check(X-direction)
Store height( Absolute Relative permissible chec
LoadCase
y m) Drift(mm) Drift(mm) drift k
Groun
EqY 3.048 0 12.192 OK
d 0
1st EqY 3.048 2.16 2.16 12.192 OK
2nd EqY 3.048 3.82 1.66 12.192 OK

7.2.3 Deformation
Maximum deformation of the building for static earthquake load condition for X and Y direction was checked
from SAP2000 model. Deformed value of the structure is tabulated in capture 7. Deflected shape of building
in x-dir and y-dir due to Eqx & Eqy respectively are shown below

Figure 10: Displacement of 3d model (Eqy)

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 Figure 11:Displacement of 3d model (EqX)

7.3 Concrete Column Design

The concrete column was designed using various sections with reference IS 456. The minimum size of
column was designed considering the ductile detailing with reference to IS 13920. Section input to be
provided is as shown in below diagrams
Foundation Design
Foundation was designed as an isolated footing. The dimension of the foundation was calculated based on
150 kN/m 2 soil bearing capacity. The thickness of 350 mm footing was used for the foundation. The
thickness was checked under punching shear and size of footing was determined considering nominal load
transfer mechanism from the column to foundation below.

Chapter 8 Results and Output

8.1 Analysis for Building Block

8.1.1 Introduction:
This chapter presents the finite element modeling of the building as mansion in chapter 2, including
modeling assumptions of materials, sections, components properties and design and result of the building

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Figure 12:beam-column-foundation Layout plan

Figure 13JOINT PLAN

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8.1.2 Footing Design for Residential Building Block:
Foundation was designed as combinedfooting based on 150 kN/m 2 bearing capacity dimension of footing
was calculated. The thickness was checked under punching shear. The thickness of foundation used for
calculation was 450 mm.

TABLE: Joint
Reactions              
Join
t OutputCase CaseType F1 F2 F3 M1 M2 M3
Text Text Text KN KN KN KN-m KN-m KN-m
Combinatio
20 UDCON2 n 3.881 4.87 149.242 -5.1943 3.5735 0.0202
Combinatio
21 UDCON2 n -2.148 4.384 183.83 -4.7747 -2.4638 0.0202
Combinatio
22 UDCON2 n 0.622 4.274 171.53 -4.7352 0.31 0.0202
Combinatio
23 UDCON2 n -3.448 5.199 141.487 -5.7207 -3.7653 0.0202
Combinatio
24 UDCON2 n 4.121 1.382 344.495 -1.7018 3.736 0.0202
Combinatio
25 UDCON2 n -1.595 3.808 431.015 -4.1983 -1.987 0.0202
Combinatio
26 UDCON2 n -0.471 3.81 407.057 -4.2703 -0.8622 0.0202
Combinatio
27 UDCON2 n -5.032 1.702 266.754 -2.2194 -5.4297 0.0202
Combinatio
28 UDCON2 n 3.634 -5.75 154.155 5.4401 3.1622 0.0202
Combinatio
29 UDCON2 n -0.583 -9.435 276.852 9.063 -1.06 0.0202
Combinatio
30 UDCON2 n -1.26 -9.082 261.5 8.6392 -1.7381 0.0202
Combinatio
31 UDCON2 n -3.563 -5.933 147.632 5.4265 -4.0444 0.0202
Combinatio
32 UDCON2 n 3.278 0.034 75.983 -0.3172 2.8696 0.0202
Combinatio
33 UDCON2 n 2.564 0.737 73.32 -1.0212 2.2 0.0202

Typical Footing Design for Building Block

Isolated Footing(for critical joint)

             
             
1 Footing Size Design          
             
  Load Pu 431 KN      
  Design Load P 316 KN      
             

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   Moment in x dir Mux -2 KN-m      
  Moment in y dir Muy 1 KN-m      
             
  Column size cx 305 mm      
    cy 305 mm      
             
  SBC q 150 KN/sqm      
             
  Footing Size required A req 2.11 sqmm      
             
  L 1.53 meters  
Footing Size Provided
  B 1.53 meters      
  Area Provided A prvd 2.34 meters      
             
    Zx 0.60      
    Zx 0.60      
             
  Net upward pressure Nup 134 KNm2      
             
    Footing Size OK      
             
             
             
2 Slab Design          
    lx 0.613      
    ly 0.613      
             
  Bending Moment in x dir Mx 38 KN-m      
  Bending Moment in y dir My 38 KN-m      
             
  Concrete fck 20 MPa      
  Steel fy 415 MPa      
             
  Minimum Depth Required dmin 117      
             
  Depth Provided D 450 mm      
  Clear Cover c 50 mm      
  Effective Cover d' 56 mm      
  Effective Depth d' 394 mm      
             
  Required Spacing c/c in mm    
Area of Steel
  12# 16# 20#    
  473 sqmm 239 c/c 425 c/c 664 c/c    
  473 sqmm 239 c/c 425 c/c 664 c/c    
  Minimum Ast required across x direcion        
  Minimum Ast required across y direcion        
  Area of Steel Provided dia spacing      
  Ast across x direction 12 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c 754 sqmm  
  Ast across y direction 12 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c 754 sqmm  
             
             
             

Structural Analysis and design for residential Building Page 24

 3 One Way Shear along x direction        
             
    Vu1 67 KN      
    ζv 0.111 MPa      
             
    ζc 0.260 MPa      
    Vc1 157 KN      
             
    One Way Shear Check OK      
             
4 One Way Shear along y direction        
             
    Vu1 67 KN      
    ζv 0.111 MPa      
             
    ζc 0.260 MPa      
    Vc1 157 KN      
             
    One Way Shear Check OK      
             
             
5 Two Way Shear          
    Vu2 372 KN      
    ζv 0.338 MPa      
             
    ks*ζc 1.118 MPa      
    Vc1 1232 KN      
             
    Two Way Shear Check OK      
             

Structural Analysis and design for residential Building Page 25

 L= 1.53 meters

305

305
B= 1.53 meters

450 mm

200 mm

12 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c 12 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c

Typical Slab Design

Structural Analysis and design for residential Building Page 26

 Proje ct Spre a ds he e ts to IS456:2000 REINFORCED CONCRETE COUNCIL
Clie nt INDRA Made by Date P age
Loca tion GROUND FLOOR PANEL F to G: 1 to 2 DM 23-Apr-2021 130
2-WAY SPANNING INSITU CONCRETE SLABS to IS 456 :2000 Checked Revision J ob No
Originated from RCC94.x ls v2.1 © 1999-2003 BCA for RCC DM - R68

DIMENSIONS MATERIALS S TATUS VALID DESIGN

s hort s pa n, lx m 3.74 fcu N/mm² 20 gc = 1.50 F G
long s pa n, ly m 4.58 fy N/mm² 415 gs = 1.05 Edge 1
h mm 125 De ns ity kN/m³ 24 1

Lx = 3.74 m
Top cove r mm 20 (Norma l we ight concre te ) P la n
Btm cove r mm 20

Edge 2
Edge 4
LOADING characte ris tic EDGE CONDITIONS
Se lf we ight kN/m² 3.00 Edge 1 D C = Continuous
Extra de a d kN/m² 1.50 Edge 2 C D = Dis continuous Ly = 4.577 m
Tota l De a d, gk kN/m² 4.50 gf= 1.40 Edge 3 C
Impos e d, qk kN/m² 3.00 gf= 1.60 Edge 4 C 2
De s ign loa d, n kN/m² 11.10 S ee Figure 3.8 and claus es 3.5.3.5-6 Edge 3

S HORT LONG EDGE 1 EDGE 2 EDGE 3 EDGE 4

MAIN S TEEL S P AN x S P AN y Fre e Continuous Continuous Continuous
ßs 0.043 0.028 0.000 0.037 0.058 0.037
M kNm/m 6.7 4.3 0.0 5.7 9.0 5.7
d mm 100.0 90.0 100.0 90.0 100.0 90.0
k' 0.156 0.156 0.156 0.156 0.156 0.156
k 0.034 0.026 0.000 0.035 0.045 0.035
Z mm 95.0 85.5 95.0 85.5 94.7 85.5
As re q mm²/m 179 126 0 168 239 168
As min mm²/m 300 300 300 300 300 300
As de fle ction mm²/m 179 126 ~ ~ ~ ~
Ø mm 10 10 10 10 10 10
La ye r B1 B2 T1 T2 T1 T2
@ mm 250 250 250 250 250 250
As prov mm²/m 314 314 314 314 314 314
= % 0.314 0.349 0.314 0.349 0.314 0.349
S ma x mm 310 280 310 280 310 280
Subcla us e (a ) (a ) (a ) (a ) (a ) (a )
DEFLECTION
fs 158 111 0 148 211 148
Mod fa ctor 2.000
Pe rm L/d 52.00 Actua l L/d 37.40 As x e nhance d 0.0% for de fle ction control

TORSION STEEL BOTH EDGES DIS CONTINUOUS ONE EDGE DIS CONTINUOUS
Ø mm 10 X Y X Y
As re q mm²/m 300 300
As prov T mm²/m 5000 5000 314 314
Additiona l As T re q mm² 0 0 0 0
As prov B mm²/m 314 314 314 314
Bottom s teel not curtailed in edge s trips at free edges

SUP PORT REACTIONS (kN/m cha r uno) (S e e Figure 3.10) S um ß vx = 0.745

EDGE 1 EDGE 2 EDGE 3 EDGE 4 Sum ß vy = 0.720
1, F-G G, 2-1 2, F-G F, 2-1
ßv 0.298 0.360 0.447 0.360
Dead kN/m 5.02 6.06 7.52 6.06
Imposed kN/m 3.34 4.04 5.02 4.04
Vs kN/m 12.4 14.9 18.6 14.9
OUTP UT/S UMMARY
S HORT LONG EDGE 1 EDGE 2 EDGE 3 EDGE 4
PROVIDE S P AN S P AN 1, F-G G, 2-1 2, F-G F, 2-1
MAIN S TEEL R10 @ 250 B1 R10 @ 250 B2 R10 @ 250 T1 R10 @ 250 T2 R10 @ 250 T1 R10 @ 250 T2

ADDITIONAL CORNER 1 CORNER 2 CORNER 3 CORNER 4

TORSION STEEL F1 G1 G2 F2
X dire ction
placed in edge s trips
Y dire ction

CHECKS BAR Ø S INGLY MIN MAX GLOBAL

Lx > Ly < COVER REINFORCED S PACING S PACING DEFLECTION S TATUS
OK OK OK OK OK OK VALID DES IGN

Structural Analysis and design for residential Building Page 27

8.2 Typical Staircase Design

Proje ct Spre a ds he e ts to IS 456:2000 REINFORCED CONCRETE COUNCIL

Clie nt INDRA Made by Date P age
Loca tion BHIMDUTTA FLIGHT 23-Apr-21 106
S TAIR FLIGHTS AND LANDINGS to IS 456:2000 Chec ked Revision J ob No
Originate d from RCC71.x ls' v2.1 on CD © 1999-2003 BCA for RCC DM - R68

MATERIALS
fcu 20 N/mm² gm 1.5 concrete Min ba r Ø = 8
fy 500 N/mm² gm 1.05 stee l Ma x ba r Ø = 12
h a gg 20 mm De ns ity 23.6 kN/m³
Cove r 25 mm (Norm al we ight concre te ) Nomina l top s te e l ? Y

DIMENS IONS Se ctiona l Ele va tion

a = 838 mm la nding A h = 125

b = 2280 mm flight wa is t = 125
c= 0 mm la nding B h = 125
d= 0 mm
e= 0 mm
Going = 300 mm L = 3118
Ris e = 1500 mm tota l 7.6 tre a ds
Ris e = 174.4 mm e a ch s te p Ra ke = 30.17 º

LOADING
Impos e d 4.00 kN/m² 22.55 kN/m ult 24.96 kN/m ult
Flight finis he s 1.60 kN/m² (8.98 + 6.24) (10.71 + 6.24)
La nding finis he s 1.30 kN/m²

DES IGN
LANDING A, gk = 2.95 + 1.30 = 4.25 kN/m² n = 1.4 x 4.25 + 1.6 x 4.0 = 12.35 kN/m²
FLIGHT, gk = 5.47 + 1.60 = 7.07 kN/m² n = 1.4 x 7.07 + 1.6 x 4.0 = 16.30 kN/m²
LANDING C, no loa d .

Ze ro s he a r is a t 0.838 + (22.55 - 10.35) /16.30 = 1.586 m from le ft

M = 22.55 x 1.586 - 10.35 x 1.167 - 16.30 x 0.748²/2 = 19.12 kNm/m
d = 125 - 25 - 6 = 94 mm K = 0.1082 As = 497 mm²/m
P ROVIDE T12 @ 120 B = 942 mm²/m
Enhance d by 88.2 % for de fle ction T8 @ 300 T in s pa n
L/d = 3,118 /94 = 33.170 < 23.0 x 1.370 x 1.056 = 33.271 a llowe d OK

Structural Analysis and design for residential Building Page 28

 P roje ct Spre a ds he e ts to IS456:2000 REINFORCED CONCRETE COUNCIL

Clie nt INDRA Made by Date Page

Loca tion BHIMDUTTA LANDING 0 23-Apr-21 107
STAIR FLIGHTS AND LANDINGS to IS456:2000 Checked Revision J ob No
Originated from RCC71.xls ' v2.1 on CD © 1999-2003 BCA for RCC DM R68

MATERIALS
fcu 20 N/mm² gm 1.5 c onc rete Min ba r Ø = 8
fy 500 N/mm² gm 1.05 steel Ma x ba r Ø = 12
h a gg 20 mm De ns ity 23.6 kN/m³
Cove r 25 mm (Norm al we ight concre te ) Nomina l top s te e l ? Y

DIMENS IONS
a= 914 mm de pth, h = 125 mm
b= 914 mm width, w = 914 mm
c= 50 mm
d= 0 mm L = 1878 mm

LOADING
LANDING Impos e d 4.00 kN/m² 32.0 kN ult 33.1 kN ult
Finis he s 1.50 kN/m² 35.0 kN/m ult 36.2 kN/m ult
Sla b 2.95 kN/m² n = 1.4 x 4.45 + 1.6 x 4.0 = 12.63 kN/m²
gk qk
Flight a re a ction 8.98 6.24 kN/m n1 = (1.4 x 8.98 + 1.6 x 6.24)/0.91 = 24.67 kN/m²
Flight b re a ction 10.71 6.24 kN/m n2 = (1.4 x 10.71 + 1.6 x 6.24)/0.91 = 27.31 kN/m²

DES IGN
Ze ro s he a r is a t 36.24 /(12.63 + 27.31) = 0.907 m from right
M = 36.24 x 0.907 - 12.63 x 0.907²/2 - 27.31 x 0.907²/2 = 16.44 kNm/m
d = 125 - 25 - 5 = 95 mm K = 0.0911 As = 410 mm²/m
PROVIDET10 @ 190 B = 413 mm²/m
. T8 @ 300 T in s pa n
L/d = 1,878 /95 = 19.768 < 20.0 x 0.998 = 21.065 a llowe d OK

Chapter 9 Summary

9.1 Summary
Structural design was carried out for buildings. Structural system was Special moment resisting reinforced
concrete frame system with in-filled wall. Special moment resisting frame was analyzed with seismic load
from NBC 105:1994 and reinforced concrete members were designed with IS456. The outputs from both
codes were compared. The reinforced concrete section was taken from bigger value among the values
obtained from the codes. The foundations were designed as isolated footing considering the bearing
capacity of soil 150KN/m2 respectively. The proposed design satisfies the key requirement of the building
codes.

Structural Analysis and design for residential Building Page 29

9.1.1 Beam design summary

Figure 14: ground Floor Reinforment required

Figure 15:1St floor reinforcement

Table 12: Beam design Summary

        longitudinal Reinforcment
Shear
Beam Positio Reinforcment
Storey Grid At end At mid
size n

Structural Analysis and design for residential Building Page 30

 2-16φTH+1-
Top 2-16φTH
A,B,C,D, 12φEX
9"x12"
Plinth E 2-16φTH+1-
Bottom 2-16φTH
lvl 12φEX
,Ground 2-16φTH+1- 8mm dia bar 2-
storey Top 2-16φTH
12φEX Legged@ 4" c/c at
1,2,3 9"x12" 2d distance from
2-16φTH+1-
Bottom 2-16φTH beam joint & 6"
12φEX
remaining distance
A,B,C,D, Top 2-16φTH 2-16φTH
9"x12"
G+1 E Bottom 2-16φTH 2-16φTH
Storey Top 2-16φTH 2-16φTH
1,2,3 9"x12"
Bottom 2-16φTH 2-16φTH

9.1.2 Column Design Summary

Figure 16:Grid-A reinforcment required(mm2)

Structural Analysis and design for residential Building Page 31

 Figure 17: Grid-B Reinforment required

Figure 18:grid-C longitudinal reinforcment required(mm2)

Structural Analysis and design for residential Building Page 32

Figure 19: grid-D longitudinal reinforcment

Figure 20:grid-E longitudinal reinforcment required

Structural Analysis and design for residential Building Page 33

Table 13:Column Design summary

Column Design Summary

Longitudinal
Reinforcment
Storey Column Size Label
area(mm2)
Provided Stirrups Grid
Ground  
C1 4-12φ+4-16φ=1256
1st 8φ@4"c/c near  
12"x12"
2ND joint & 6"c/c near  
  mid  
  C1- all columns    
         

9.1.3 Footing Design Summary

Isolated Footing Reinforcement Details

Reinforcement
Footing
Footing in x -direction Concrete Footing
depth
Size(m) & y- edge depth
from Ground
Type direction depth
level
12mm Ø @ 6" 12mm Ø @ 12mm Ø @ 6"
12mm Ø @ 6" spacing
F-1 1.52x1.52 spacing on both 6" spacing on spacing on
on both side
side both side both side
12mm Ø @ 6" 12mm Ø @ 12mm Ø @ 6"
12mm Ø @ 6" spacing
F-2 1.83x1.83 spacing on both 6" spacing on spacing on
on both side
side both side both side

F1- Except F1
F2- grid-B, grid-4

9.1.4 Slab Design Summary

  Critical panel bar size Spacing Thickness  

Slab Type majo-dir minor-dir (inch) Remarks

Two-way   8mm 150mm - 5" M20

8mm - 150

Structural Analysis and design for residential Building Page 34

9.1.5 Staircase Design Summary
  Spacing Thickness  
bar size
Slab Type Lateral trasverse (inch) Remarks

12mm 150mm - 6"

Flight &
M20
Landing
8mm - 250mm 6"

Structural Analysis and design for residential Building Page 35

Appendix A: Sample Design for RC Column
SAP2000 V20 Concrete Frame Design

Structural Analysis and design for residential Building Page 36

Appendix B: Sample Design for RC Beam
SAP2000 V20 Concrete Frame Design
IS 456:2000 Beam Section Design

Structural Analysis and design for residential Building Page 37

Structural Analysis and design for residential Building Page 38
APPENDIX C: COLUMN , BEAM CAPACITY RATIO CHECK

C/B ratio
Ratio of flexural capacity of Beam/column is computed to preclude the formation of plastic hinges in columns for
obvious reasons. 
Sum of flexural capacities of column at a joint should be 1.2 times the capacities of beam framing into the joint in
particular direction.
When capacity is exceeded, we can increase the size of column, or reduce the size of beam, or play with
reinforcement of members. It has nothing to do with redistribution of moments; If both end of column will yield,
during a seismic event, in a particular story, structure will most probably collapse. In a frame, that is resisting
lateral loads, you cannot take away the ability of beam to develop negative moment; if you do not provide top
reinforcement, it will not be called a moment resisting frame, and will not resist lateral loads.

Figure 21: C/B capacity ratio>1.2,ALL PASSED

Figure 22:PMM Interaction diagram

Structural Analysis and design for residential Building Page 39

APPENDIX D: CHECKLIST FOR RCC STRUCTURE
Ministry of Urban Development
Department of Urban Development & Building Constrution
Building Code Division
Babarmahal, Kathmandu

NBC Compliance Check list on Structural Analysis & Design for RCC

Adopted
S.No Description Quantity Unit Remarks
Code
     
A General Information:  
A.1 Client’s Name:  
  Address: Dhangadhi Sub metro-politian city

  Plinth Area: 1110.13 sqft    

  Plot no:        

A.3 Types of Building: Residential

A.4 Structural Designed By:  

  Consultancy Firm: Technical Services & Solutions Pvt lTd

  Designers’ Name: Dambar Mouny
  Nepal Engineering Council No: 21461 Civil "A"
     

B Geometrical Configuration of Building:      

B.1 No. of Block: 1      

B.2 No. of Story: 2      

B.3 Story Height:        

  Basements 0      

  Ground Floor 3.048 m    

  Typical 3.048 m    

B.4 No. of columns: 14 no    

B.5 No. of Lift: 0      

B.6 No. of staircase: 1 no    

B.7 Total height of structure: 6.096 m    

Total height for Fundamental time

B.8
period calculation:
6.096 m    

B.9 Height to width ratio of building: 0.67      

Structural Analysis and design for residential Building Page 40

 B.10 Length to width ratio of building: 1.36      

           
C Geological Investigation:        

Geological Investigation
i) Yes No
Conducted

  If No        

Adopted Value as per NBC 205

C.9 Table 150 kN/m2    
3.1

Site Consideration as per NBC

C.10 Yes No
108?

       

D Structural Analysis and Design Procedure:      

Structural Analysis Software:

D.1 SAP2000 v22      
(version)
D.2 Structural System: SMRF      
ISOLATED
D.3 Foundation System: FOUNATIO      
N
D.4 Loading Parameters:        
  i. Dead Load: ……………. (As per NBC102:1994)
 
  ii. Live Load: ……………. (As per NBC 103:1994)
    …………….      
  iii. Other Load if any        
D.5 Concrete Grade Used : M20   Column
 
    M20   Foundation, Beam, Slab

D.6 Reinforcement Grade Used: Fe500      

 
Reinforcement Grade Used for      
Fe415
shear:

Mechanical Properties of other

D.7        
construction materials used:

  i. Brick 18 kN/m3    

kN/m
  ii. Steel Section 75..8    
3
  iii. RCC 25 kN/m    

Structural Analysis and design for residential Building Page 41

 3
kN/m
  iii. PCC 24    
3
Seismic Load (AS per NBC105
D.8 or        
IS 1893:2002) :-
D.8.1 Zone Factor (Z): 0.92      
D.8.2 Importance Factor(I): 1     Residential
D.8.3 Soil Type:        
D.8.4 Fundamental Time Period(Tx/y): 0.233 sec    
D.8.5 Response Reduction Factor (R):        

Design horizontal Seismic

D.8.6 0.0736      
Coefficient(Cd)):

D.8.7 Seismic Weight:(W) 1848.87 kN    

Design Seismic Base

D.8.8 136.08 kN    
Shear(Vbx/y):

D.8.9 Base Shear from Dynamic Analysis (Response spectrum analysis or time history)
  Rx=        
  Ry=        
D.8.1
Damping:        
0
           
           
           
           
D.9 Seismic Analysis Method:        

Seimic
D.9.1 Seismic Anlysis method Coeffecient      
Method
D.9.2 No. of modes Considered:        
D.9.3 Type of Modal Combination:        
D.9.4 Modal Mass Participation Factor:        
  In X-direction        
  In Y-direction        
D.9.5 Scale Factor        
  i. Along X-direction:        
  ii. Along Y-Direction:        
D.9.6 Total Deflection of Building:        
  i. Along X-direction: 3.82 mm 24 mm permissible

  ii. Along Y-Direction: 3.39 mm 24 mm permissible

D.9.7 Inter Story Deflection (Drift): Eqx Eqy    
  Storey1 1.94 2.16    
  Storey2 1.45 1.66    

Structural Analysis and design for residential Building Page 42

 D.9.8 Separation Between blocks if any:        

D.9.9 Load Combination Considered:     (NBC105 or IS 1893:2002)

           

E. Reinforced Concrete Design        

E.1 Concrete Design code Referred:     (IS456:2000 or )

E.2 Ductile Detailing code Referred:     (IS13920:1993)

Typical design of structural

elements foundation, slab, (IS456:200
E.3      
staircase, retaining 0 or )
wall etc:
           

Structural Analysis and design for residential Building Page 43