3 ANALYSIS OF RATES

3.1 INTRODUCTION

of materials,
The determination of rate per unit of of work, from the cost of quantities
a particular item
cost of labourers and other miscellaneous petty expenses require for its completion is known as the analysis
the
ate. A reasonable protit, usually 10% for the contractor is also included in the analysis of rate. Rates of materai
the rates delivered at the site of work and include the first cost (cost at origin), cost of transport,
usually taken as
e
are

railway freight
if any, taxes, etc.
work could
For the purpose of analysis, the details about all the operations
involved in carrying out the De
known and the number of different categories
available, the quantities of materials required and their costs should be known. These
labourer and their wages per day should be
oflabourers required and the capacity of doing work per
be known only from experience of practical works.
can
he rates ofa particular item of work depends on the following
constructional
of materials, proportion of mortar method of
(a) Specifications of workS and materials, quality
operation, etc.
of labourer and their rates.
(b) Quantities of materials and their rates, number of different types
the rate of transport,
Location of the site of work and its distances
from the s o u r c e s of materials and
(c)
availability of water.
of contractor.
(d) Profits and miscellaneous and overhead expenses

3.2 ERHEAD COSTS

indirect
office expenses, rents, taxes, supervision
and other costs which are

Overhead costs inciude generai

expenses on the job.-
expenses andnot productive
The miscellaneous expenses on overheads may be under the following heads
postages, etc., (ii) Travelling
Generai overheads : (/) Establishment (office staff), (i) Stationary, printing,
() and taxes.
(iv) Telephone, (v) Rent of
Overseers, Supervision, etc.), (6) Handling
expenses,
of Engineers,
(ii) Job overheads : (a). Supervision (Salary of labour, (e) Workmen's
and depreciation of T. and P., (d) Amenities
materiais, (¢) Repairs, carriage Losses on advances.
(g)
compensation, etc.,...() Interest on investment,
insurance,
contracts after allocating all
of 10% should be considered reasonable for ordinary
(iii) Profit : Generally profit
a should be
establishments etc. For small jobs
15% profit and for large jobs 8% profit
charges of equipments,
considered as reasonable.

3.3 WATER CHARGE

of water either by sinking tubewell or by
of the workers and for the work, arrangement
For drinking purpose order to meet up the
water connection from the Corporation or
Municipality becomes necessary. In
taking temporary been provided in the analysis of Rate as per
materials and labour has
expense and amount of 1% of the total cost of
provision made in the standard Analysis of Rates.
144 ISHAN'S Quantity Surveying and Valua.
lalualicor
3.4 FACTORS EFFECTING THE RATE ANALYSIS
The rate of an item of work mainly depends on the following factors
(1) Specification of the item which indicates the quality and proportion ot materials, the method
s
construction and protection fwork;
(2The present rate ofmaterials for the item of work up to the worksite;
(3) Daily wages of different categories of labourer at the locality with their respective outputs
(4)The range of lead and lift required for deposition of materials to carry out the item or work ;
) Percentage charge for overheads which includes insurance and the possibility of theft or loss ete;
(6) The range of profit and availability of water in connection with the construction work.
Beside these the site condition, site organization and cost-control during execution etc., should be considered-

these factors affect the cost per unit of work done at site.

3.5 TASK OR OUT-TURN WORK

3.5.1 Task
of work per day in known as the task-wom
Thecapacity of doing_work by skilled labour in the form of-quantity
or out-turn of the labour.
artisan varies to extent according the nature, size, height, situation, locatio
to
The out-turn of work per some

where specialised and experienced labour is available the out-turn is greater than small towns a
etc. In bigger cities
country sides. In well organised work less labour is required.
task for an average artisan per day.
The foilowing may be taken as the approximate quantity of work or
out-turn or

Particulars of items Quantity Per day

1.25 cu m per masoon
Brickwork in lime or cement mortar in foundation and plinth
1.

1.00 cu m per mason

2 -Do- in superstructure
Brickwork in mud mortar in foundation and plinth 1.50 cu m per mason

1.25 cu mn per mason

-Do-in superstructure
per mason
arches 0.55 cu mn
5. Brick in cement or lime mortar in
0.55 cu m per mason
-Do- in jack arches
6.
5.00 sq m per mason

7. Half brick wall in partition

cement mortar 0.80 cu m per mason

Coursed rubble stone masonry in lime or

8.
including dressing or breaker
0.25 cu m per labourer
Breaking of stone
ballast 25 mm (1'") gauge
9 0.70 cu m
per stone cutter

10. Ashlar stone dressing 1.50 sq m

per stone cutter

11. Flag stone dressing 3.00 cu m

per beldar mazdoor
excavation in ordinary soil
12. Earthwork in per beldar mazdoor
2.00 cu m
excavation in hard soil
13. Earthwork in per beldar mazdoor
1.00 cu m
per beldar mazdoor
14. Excavation in rock
4.00 cu m
15. Sand filling in plinth 600 bricks
per mason
mason in brick work upto a
bricks laid by a
16. Number of
height of3 m (10')
Analysis o f R a t e s
145

hor Output constant in Days (8 working hours) following allI India Schedule of Rate. This
3.5.2
up labour contract rates.
i s is helpful to fix
SI. Description of work
Unit Labour in days (8 working hrs.)
No.
(A) Earthwork

. Excavation in trenches for foundation not exceeding 1.5

m in width, lift up to 1.5 m and lead up to 30m
() In ordinary soil
10 cu m Mazdoor - 3
(6) In dense or Hard soil
10 cu m Mazdoor-7
2 Filling excavated earth in trenches plinth, sides of 10 cu mn
foundation in layers not exceeding 20 cm in depth Mazdoor-2
3 Lime concrete in foundation
10 cu m
Head Mason-;Mason 1
(B) Concretwork Mazdoor- 18; Bhisti -2
4. Cement-concrete (hand mixed) in
Head Mason - Mason 2
foundation prop. 1:5: 10;1:4:8; 1:3:6 10 cu m Mazdoor- 10; Bhisti - 2
5 Cement concrete (machine mixed) in foundation
10cu m Head Mason 2 : Mason 25
Mazdoor- 12; Bhisti -2
6. Cement concrete for R.C.C. work 10 cu n Head Mason ; Mas n - 3

Mazdoor-18; Bhis '-4

7. Centering and shuttering for flat surface 10 sq m Carpenter - 3; Mazddor - 4

8. Reinforcement work for R.C.C. per Qtl. Mason-cum-blacksmit 1

Mazddor - 1
9 R.B. work 10 cu n Head Mason -1; Mason -10m
Mazdoor for M.S. work 6 Black-
smith-5 Mazdoor for M.S.
6
work
10. 2.5 cm thick cement concrete D.P.C. 10 sq m Head Mason 0.05 Mason -0.8
Mazdoor -0.8; Bhisti -0.01
(C) Brick work

1.Brick work in foundation and plinth 10 cu mm

Head Mason-; Mason - 8
Mazdoor -

14; Bhisti -

2
in superstructure ground floor
12. First class brickwork 10 cu m Head Mason
: Mason -8
First-class brickwork for 1st. Floor (The rate of ground
Mazdoor -

15 Bhisti -

2
13. 10 cu m
floor + 1% for each addition Iloor av. 3m ht. as extra Head Mason Mason -

9
over) Mazdoor -

18; Bhisti -

2
Half brick wall (without hoop iron reinforcement)
14 10.sq m Mason -

1.2 Mazddor -

20
Bhisti 0.3
 ISHAN'S Quantity Surveying and
146
aluaion
SI.
Description of work Unit Labour in days (8 working hry,
No.
15 -do-do- with H.B. wire netting
10 sq m Mason 1.4 Mazddor 15
Bhisti -0.3
6. Random rubble stone masonry in foundation and plinth 10 cu m Head Mason Mason Io
in lime or cement mortar Mazdoor- 17 5,Bhisti - 1

17. Coursed rubble stone masonry in lime or cement mortar

10 cu m Head Mason Mason-15
in superst Mazdoor 22,Bhisit-1
cement mortar in 10 cu m Head Mason : Mason 15
18. Ashiar masonry n lime or

superstructure Mazdoor 335, Bhisti-1

(D) Flooring 10 sq m Head Mason ; Mason

19. 7.5 cn thick terraced (lime concrete) Floor
Mazdoor-35, Bhisti

10 sq m Head Mason 2 Mason :

20. 7.5 em thick cement concrete floor
Mazdoor- 1.8, Bhisti-
10 sq m Head Mason2 Mason 0.8
cement concrete or
artificial stone flooring
21. 25mm thick
Mazdoor-12, Bhisti -0.2
10 sq m Head Mason - : Mason -2
22. Terazzo skirting or Dado 4; Bhisti
Mazdoor

Polisher -9.8
10 sq m Head mason- Mason -2
Precast terrazzo tiles to floor Bhisti -
0.1:
23 Mazdoor 2;
Polisher-65

Mason -l:
(F) Roofing 10 sq m Head Mason -
at Ist. floor
1Ocm (av.) thick limne terracing -1.9; Bhisti 0.3
24 Mazdoor

Mazdoor (female)- 65
i0 sq m Carpenter - ;
Tile layer
batterns
roofing with
25. Mangalore Tile Mazdoor-3
Blacksmit

10 sq m Carpenter
-

1;
Galvanised iron roofing Mazdoor-2
Corrugated
26.
20 Mason :
Plastering
and pointing 10 sq m Head Mason
(G) brickwork 1.4;
Bhisti
-

0.10
to Mazdoor-

27. 12mm thick plater

 147
ates
hrs.)
Description of work Unit Labour in days (8 working

e pointing in cement mortar on brick on walls 10 sq m Head Mason - Mason

Bhisti 0.10
Mazdoor -0.9;

)Finishing
hite washing or colour washing 2 coats with a coat of | 100 sq m Painter- 1: Mazdoor-2
mer coat

istempering two coats with a coat of primer 100 sq m Painter-2; Mazdoor-25

Mason 1; Mazdoor-2
10 sq m
imepunning Helper- 8
Painter (1st. class) 8;
Paining two coats with a primer coat with ready mixed 100sq m
woodwork
paint to new
DIFFERENT ITEMS OF WORKS
UANTITY OF MATERIALS REQUIRED FOR
Quantity
Materials
Name of work
cm x 10 cm ..5000nos.
per 10 cu. m. Bricks 20 cm X 10
12.7 cm X 7.6 cm ..4100 nos.
Brickworik-
Bricks 25.4 cm x
cm..500 nos.
x 11.4cm X 7.6
Bricks 22.9 cm
...3.5 cu mn
Dry cement mortar
4.0 cu 1
Dry lime mortar
.500. no .
cm X 10 cm
per 100sq. m Bricks 20 cm X 10 00 nos.
2. Half brickwork- 12.7 cm x 7.6 cm |...4
Bricks 25.4 cm X
cm..5000 nos.
x 11.4 cm x 7.6
Bricks 22.9 cm .3.15 cu m
Dry mortar
...12.5 cum
per 10 cu. m Stone...
3. Random Rubble Dry lime mortar... ...4.4 cu m
stone Masonry Dry cement mortar. ...4.2 cu m
Stone...
...12.50 cu m
cu. m
per 10 ..2.5 cu m
4. Ashlar Masonry- Dry cement mortar..
..3.0 cu m
Dry lime mortar..

m Stone...
..12.5 cu m
5.CoursedRubble per 10 cu. ..4.0 cum
Dry cement mortar..
STone Masonry- 2cu m
Drylime mortar
X 10 cm x 10 cm ...425 noos.
10 sq. m Bricks 20 cm
6.Sing.e brick. fiat soling- per
X 12.7 cm x 7.6 em..320 nos.
Bricks 25.4 cm
X 11.4 em x 7.ó cm..425 nos.
Bricks 22.9 cm
10 cm x 10 ..500 nos.
10 sq. m Bricks 20 cm x cm

37.ck on edge floor with per

cement mortar
|Bricks 25.4 cm x 12.7 em X 7.6 em.410 nos.
Bricks 22.9 em x I1.4 cnm x 7.6 em.500 nos.

3 . 5 cu m
Dry mortar..
148 ISHAN'S Quantity Surveying and Valuatio.
ation
S.
Name of work
Materials
Quantity
No
100 sq. Cement... ..27 bags
8. 20mm thick D.P.C. with per m

cement mortar
..1.8 cu m
Sand..
Water-proofing compound. .27 kg
.. 12.8 sq m
9
C.G.l. sheet roofing per 10 sq. m. G.I. sheet
A.C. sheet
...1.50 sq m
10. A.C. Corrugated sheetroofing per 10 sq. m. |Dry mortar
...1.92 cu m
12mm thick per 100 sq.m.
11. cement plaster ...5.5bags
12. Neat cement punning (abut | per 100 sq. m. Cement
1.5 mm)
|Dry mortar
...0.7 cum
13. Flush pointing in cement per 100 sq. m.

mortar ..10 kg
Stone lime (unslaked)
14. Single coat white-washing to per 100 sq. m.

old work
15. Two coats white-washing on a per 100 sq. m. Stone lime (unslaked) 30 kg
coat of primer to new work
100 sq. Tropic dry distemper
16. Distempering two coats to per m.

new cemnent plasteer ... 12 kg

Ist coat

2nd coat ..7.5 kg

17. Lime punning over plastered per 10 sq. m. Slaked stone lime ...18kg
surface
Shell limne . 8 kg
on per 100 sq. n. Ist coat 3 0 kg
18. Snow-cem, washing
paltered surface- 2nd coat ..20 kg

19. Primer coat on steel work per 100 sq. m Primer ..5.5 litres
with ready mixed primer
...7.5 litres
20. Primer coat on wood work per 100 sq. m. Primer
with ready mixed primer
21. Painting two coats on new|do- Ready mixed paint ... 12.5 litres
work with ready mixed paint
. 2 litres
22. Water-proofing cement per 10 sq. m. Mixed cement pain
painting two coats to new
plaster to exterior walls
painting with wall per 100 sq. m. .8.1 litres
23 | Spray Priming coat primer
paints on new work including Wall paint
under coat .11 litres
24. Painting with synthetic per 100 sq. m. Enamel paint ...11.6litres
enamel paint on new work|
(excluding primer coat)
25. Varnishing with 7.0 litres
Copal per 100 sq. m. Under coat varnishing
varnish on new work
Copal varnish
| including under coat ..11.6 lires
Analysiso fR a t e s
149

Name of work Quantity

Materials
No
26. Wax polishing. on new per 100 sq. m. Ready-made was polish ..5.0 kg
woodwork with ready made
polish
coat of cement per sq. m. Cement ...2.2 kg
7. Floating
PREPARING RATE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT ITEMS OF WORK
of materials ana no.
is worked out for the unit of payment of particular item. The quantities cost of
The rate analysis gether, which will give the
are worked. Then their costs are added
of various categories required
Jabours of is the rate

labour. To this add charge and 10% contractor's profit. The total of all these
terial and
material.
1% as water

cement and steel arc

added. In case the
of material is done, then transportation changes are and steel, because
the
iem. If
the transportation allowed on cement
then 10% profit is not
by the department to the contractor,
Supplied for these two materials.
need not invest any money
contractor
materials A =

Let cost of
=B
Let cost of labours A+B
labour and material
Total cost of 1.5
Add 1% water charges
=
(A + B)X 100
10
Add 10% contractor's profit 10A+B)
100
T.15 (A +B)
Grand total = 1.115 (A +B)
item
Rate per unit of the Standard Table
for Rate Analysis
Cost
Qty. or No's
Rate
Particulars Rs. P.

(A) Materials
1. Cement ---=-=*

Total
Sand etc.

(B) Labour:
1 Head Mason
2. Mason Total
3. Mazdoor etc.

and Labour
Total of Material

Add 1% for water charges -===-=wu-

Add 10% contractor's profit ..Ans.

Grand total
.'. Rate per cu.m.
=

or
per sq.m.
150 SHAN'S Quantity Surveying and Valuati.
Example 1. Analysis of Rates for Earth work in excavation hard/ordinary soil and filling with a concent
lead and
lift.
) E a r t h work in excavation in foundation in ordinary soil not exceeding 1.5m depth, lead up to 30m

Unit 1 cu.m.
Consider for 10 cu.m.

S. No. No. of Labours Rate Amount

Particulars
100.00 325.00
Labour

Total 325-00
32.50
Add 10% contractor's Profit
357.50
357.50
'.Rate per cu.m.
10
= Rs/35.75

(ii) Earth work in excavation of hard soil (unit Im*) consider for 10m

S. No. Particulars No. of Labours Rate Amount

100.00 775.00
1. Labour
A

Total 775-00
Add 10% contractor's Profit 77.50
852.50
852.50
Rate per cubic meter
10
= Rs/85.25

ii) Earth work in filling in foundation and print etc. in layers not exceeding 20 cm including dresin
Im).
Consider for 10M*

S. No. Particulars No. of Labours Rate Amount

1. Labour 100.00 233.00

Total 233-00
Add 10% contractor's Profit 23.30

256.30

256.30
Rate per m=
10
= Rs/25.63
 151
alysiso fR a t e s

every additional lead of 30 m beyond the initial lead add labour and for every additiona
Note: Fon
2

nd the initial lift add labour for working are analysis ofrates.
illing)bey

CALCULATION OF QUANTITIES
OF RATES
ANALYSIS OF FOR CONCRETE WORKS AND
3.8
ANALYSIS
(MATERIALS) he f

reduction in volume of finished

concrete over
the sum totai
vo
ingredient
oractice for analysiS of rates the total volume
of dry
finished concrete the
sum
In
i a l s is taken
r e d i e n t m a t e rrials
as 50% to 55%. For 100 cu m of

be taken as 152
cum.
materials may
Calculation of Materials

Volume of wet concrete =10 cu. m

Increase
50 to 55% fr dry concrete
10
Volume of dry concrete
=
10+(0.50 to 0.55) x

= (15.0 to 15.5) cu.m

15.2
Cement= Summation of proportion

:4:8
proportion 1 =30 bags]
Forcement concrete of 15.2 = 1.2 cu-m = 36 bags
[ cu-m
of cement
Cement =

1+4+8
1.2=4.8 cu.m
Sand =4 x

8 x 1.2 9.6 cu.m

(coarse) used.
=

Aggregate
size of aggregate surkhi mortar.
depends upon lime and 2
vol. i.e. 50-55% ballast with 1
Note : Increase in dry 40 m m size
brick
f o u n d a t i o n with
c o n c r e t e in
Lime
Example 1.
Proportion 1: 2:6-unit
- 1 cu.m
concrete
of lime
Consider, 10 c u . m
Calculation of Materials
15.5 =1.73 cu.m (say)
Lime =

1+2+6 =
6 X 1.7= 10.2 cu. m =10 cu.m

1.7=3.4 cu.m, Brick

ballast 10 cu m.
cu m. Take
-

Surkhi =2 x unit 1
Brick Ballast
with 40mm gauge approx.)
Lime Concrete
in
Foundation
100, i.e. 1 : 2:6
1. (Proportion-16:32:
1:2
surkhi
(a) With white lime and Rate Cost
Qty or Nos.
P. Rs. P.
Particulars
Rs.

4000.00
400.00 cu m
Materials-
10 cu m
1120.00
guage.. 700.00 cu m
Brick ballast 1 class 40
mm L.6 cu m
1120.00
White lime slaked... 3.2 cu mn
350.00 cu m
6240.00
Surkhi... Total.
152 ISHAN'S Quantity Surveying and Valuation

Labour
Mistri (Head mason).. % no. 160.00 per day 80.00
Mason.. I no. 150.00 per day 150.00
Mazdoor (Beldar)... 12 nos. 80.00 per day 960.00
Boy or woman coolie.. 12 nos. 70.00 per day 840.00
Bhishti (water-man)... 2 nos. 70.00 per day 140.00
Sundries T. and P. etc (Misc., Petty things)... Lump sum
45.00 L.S. 45.00
Total 2215.00
Total of materials and labour 8455.00
Add 1% Water charges 127.00
Add 10% Contractor's profit . 845.00
Grand Total . 9427.00

9427.50 for 10 cu
Rate per cu m= =
Rs. 942.00
m
10