Surface treatments Norm

2801
Rust Preventer Phosphatic coating on ferrous ed.: 1 mod.
Page: 1/4
PIAGGIO materials Date : 05-03-97

Objective Index

Precise the characteristics which satisfy 1. General information

the zinc phosphate based coatings.
Extracted partially from UNI-ISO 9717
with additions and modifications.
2. Classification and symbols
3. Phosphating cycle
4. Characteristics of the coatings and
relative tests.
5. Normal indications on drawings

Modifications Date Description of modification

05-03-1997 ed. 1 - New edition revised completely

Date of coming into force : 31/03/97

Author: p.i. Florio Roberto
Checked : Doct. Alessandro Mantini
Approved : Eng. Maurizio Marcacci
Distribution list (codes ):31,32,33,34,35,36,40,68,73,90,91,92,95,252.
 Norma 2801 Page :2/4 modification: Ed .: 1
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1. General information ferrous materials (carbon steel, steel of

The present norm regarding the types,
the characteristics and the test methods
of the zinc phosphate coatings
impregnated with finishing products
such as oils or blackeners applied on
low alloy element contents) with the
objective of protecting the pieces from
formation of oxidation ( red rus t ).
The following are excluded from the
present norm:
- antiscuff coatings ( Norm 2803/LT)
2. Classification and symbols

Class Minimum weight

of coating Type of finishing Dehydrogenation
gr/m 2

F FAR Z 7 7 oiled or blackened D

F FAR Z 12 12 oiled or blackened D

Symbols: 3.Phosphating cycle

F = ferrous base
FAR Z = rust preventer coating with zinc
phosphate base
D = dehydrogenated after
phosphatising
Note : For components to be used
externally it is preferable to use the
coating of class F FAR Z 12 - oiled
The weight of coating , expressed in
2
gr/m , divided by the factor 1.4,
corrosponds approximately to its
thickness expressed in microns.
In the dimensioning of the piece one
must keep in mind that the phosphate
deposit partially occurs at the base
metal expense and that a variable
fraction between 1/2 and 2/3 of the
coating results in relief in respect to the
dimension of the part before
phosphating.
3.1. Preparation of the surfaces
The surfaces of the piece must be
completely machined and be free from
any foreign substance (oxide, residual
combustion , calamine etc).
The removal of such substances must
done mechanically (abration, grinding,
brushing etc).
The oils and the grease must be
removed using degreasing or
degreasing and pickling.
The degreasing must be done with
suitable organic solvent in vapour phase
or thru hot water alkaline product
solution.
The pickling can be done with
hydrochloric acid in presence of
corrosion inhibitors and surface-active (
max 15% in acid volume ).
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In this case the post phosphating
dehydrogenation becomes indispensable.
3.2 Phosphating
It must be done with bath at zinc
phosphate, containing phosphoric ac id and
in presence of accelerators containing
salts of heavy metals and oxidants.
3.3 Dehydrogenation
The parts made in steel with R ≥ 1200
N/mm2 , in particular if they have
immediately, during the phosphating cycle,
Resistance of material to
stress N/mm2
Permanence Duration
≥ 1200
120
Note : With the objective of avoiding the
chalking of the phosphate layer with
consequent decay of its resistance
characteristics of corrosion which is not
accepted, to reduce the treatment
temperature raise the temperature beyond
110 o C.
3.4 Surface finishing
3.4.1 Oiling
It must be done by immersing the pieces
(after complete drying) in a mixture of
protective oil and petrol (at least 2/3
volume of protective oil).
Indicatelvly one can assume that when 7
~ 10 gr/m2 of oil is obtained the oiling is
good.
Various types of oils can be oils or
mixtures of oils can be used provided that
protective efficiency of the pieces
surpasses the prescriptions at 4.3.
modification: Ed .: 1
an operation of pickling, they can be
subjected to dehydrogenation treatment,
within 4 hours of phosphating and before
the surface finishing. Such treatment must
be prescribed on the drawing.
The dehydrogenation can be done, as per
the time and method specified in the
underlying table , thru heating in furnace
with circulating air or in oil bath , followed
by cooling at room temperature.
This is above all necessary for the
components made in spring steel having
thickness or diameter ≤ 5 mm.
Dehydrogenation treatment
o
Temperature
h C
8 100±10
room temperature
3.4.2 Blackening
It must be done by immersing the pieces
(after their complete drying) in suitable
blackening products (generally alcoholic
solution).
4. Characteristics of coating and
relative tests
4.1 Appearance of coating
The crystalline structure , observed under
magnification X 80, after the removal of oil,
must be laminar or needle form compact
and uniform.
Phosphate layer made of big crystals
surrounded by crystals of small
dimensions are to be exc luded.
The phosphate layer, after removal of oil
should not show a yellow ochre dust
(mires in phosphate bath).
4.2 Composition
The coating must be made of zinc or iron
phosphate.
For qualitative identification of P2 O2 see
UNI 4236 point 5.
For qualitative identification of zinc see UNI
4236 point 6.
 Norma 2801 Page :4/4 Modification: Ed .: 1
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5’ for the class F FAR Z 7
4.3 Protective efficiency of the coating 10’ for the class F FAR Z 12
By nature phosphatic coating are
porous; anyway an excessive porosity 4.6 Weight of coating
can harm the efficiency of the layer; this The weight of coating must not be less
can be highlighted with saline fog test than
2
done as per UNI-ISO 9227. 7 gr/m for class F FAR Z 7
2
The total significant surface of the 12 gr/m for class F FAR Z 12
pieces to be exposed must be ≥ 4 dm2 . It must be determined as per UNI-
ISO 3892
Pieces without finishing product :
F FAR Z 7 eg saline fog 2 h 4.7 Finishing
F FAR Z 12 eg saline fog 2 h The pieces must be soaked with
finishing product prescribed by the
After exposing the whole surface it must drawing ( oil or blackener ).
be without rust marks (red rust), visible The blackened pieces should not stain
to naked eye at normal reading the hand.
distance.
5. Normal indication at diagram
Pieces with finishing product: One must precise:
F FAR Z 7 eg. saline fog 24 h - Class of coating
F FAR 12 7 eg. saline fog 48 h F FAR Z 12 oiled D
Reference to the present norm
After exposing, the rust marks, visible eg : F FAR 12 oiled D - Norm 2801//LT
to naked eye at normal reading distance
must be ≤ 1/dm .
2
Phosphate anti rust coating on iron of
2
weight of 12 gr/m oiled and
4.5 Covering power dehydrogenised.
This determination is complementary
but not substitutive of the protective Note : If one required different
efficiency test and must be done as per characteristics from that of the present
the Norm 2744/LT. norm this must be indicated and
After removing the finishing product prescribed on the drawing.
operate on atleast three points most
away from each other on the piece. Norms recalled.
The resistance of the phosphate coating
to drops of water solution of CuSO4 . 5 Norm 2744/LT, UNI 4236, UNI ISO
H2O (at 36% in weight) must be more 3892, UNI ISO 9227.
than :