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Calculation of Power Losses in The Transformer Substation
Calculation of Power Losses in The Transformer Substation
Calculation of Power Losses in The Transformer Substation
This assumption adds some inaccuracy in the calculated results the nominal value of the short-circuit ∆РK losses. The losses
as the load changes in the network will inevitably change the values were determined by the known formulas [1,3].
voltage in the load connection point to the network. But, Calculate the losses by the maximum load method with
considering that the supply voltage varies within a small range in different values of τ, determined by the given formulas for τ6–τ9.
comparison to the change of the load, the voltage can be In addition, calculate the value of τ in two ways: for the full year
considered constant in the denominator of the formula (1). τMAX and only for the working time of the year τ ', then compare
Taking it into account integrating or additional factor for the the accuracy of calculations.
determination of electric energy losses is determined by formula
[1]: Δ W1 = P ⋅ 8760 + РК ⋅ k 2 ⋅ MAX
Δ Δ τ
n ,
M = ∑ Pi 2 ⋅ ΔTi / P 2 , Δ W2 = P ⋅ 8760 + РК ⋅ k З2 ⋅ '
Δ Δ τ
i =1 where τMAX – is calculated according to the formulas (2–5); τ'
where Рi – the value of the power at the i-th stage of the load = τMAX·(250/365); 8760 – the number of hours per year; ∆Р,
schedule; Р – the power on the graphics stage, for which the ∆РК – values of transformer no-load losses and short circuit
losses ΔР are calculated; n – the number of steps of the load losses, respectively.
schedule under consideration of duration ΔТ.
To identify the additional factors we use either the maximum
V. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
load mode or medium load. Calculation formulas for these
methods are [2]: The calculated results are shown in Tab. I.
ΔWн = ΔPmax ⋅ T ⋅ τ ; TABLE I
CALCULATION OF TRANSFORMER SUBSTATION ELECTRICITY
ΔWн = ΔP1 ⋅ T ⋅ k 2 . LOSSES
where τ – the number of the largest losses hours; ΔP1 – the Formula Value of τ For τМАХ For τ'
average value of the losses value; k – shape coefficient of τМАХ τ' ∆Р, Error, % ∆Р, Error, %
schedule squared. kWh kWh
In practical calculations we use formulas, obtained by fitting 2 2415,1 1654,1 27030,5 6,56 25276,1 -0,353
3 2668,3 1827,6 27614,4 8,88 25675,9 1,22
the results of calculations τ and k2 for the load graphs of different 4 2136,1 1463,1 26387,4 4,029 24835,5 -2,089
configurations, or for the typical schedules [1]. The largest 5 2509,8 1719,1 27248,9 7,43 25425,6 0,237
application was received by the following formulas:
τ 7 = k1 (0,66 + 0,34k1 ) 2 , (3) From the analysis of the results of the electricity losses
calculation with the use of formulas (2–5), it follows that taking
τ 8 = k1 (0,083 + 1,037 k1 − 0,12k12 ) , (4) into account the number of working days per year increases the
accuracy of electric energy losses values calculating compared to
τ 9 = k11,6 , (5)
finding the values of τ for the whole year without separation
working days from it.
where k1 – load factor of the schedule.
REFERENCES
IV. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
[1] Zhelezko Y.S. et al. The calculation, analysis and rationing of electric energy
Let us evaluate the effectiveness of these formulas for losses in electric networks. Guide for practical calculations. – M .:
determination of τ in calculation of losses by real load graphics Publishing House of the science center ENAS, 2004 – 280. (in Russian).
of transformer substation with a nominal capacity of installed [2] Instruction on the organization in the Ministry of Energetics of Russian
transformer 1000 KVA, resulting in energy audit for a day. The Federation work on calculation and justification of power losses standards
during its transmission through electric networks (approved. by the order of
load of this transformer was measured at short intervals by Minenergo of Russian Federation of December 30, 2008 N 326) (in
analyzer of electric energy quantity and quality AR-5 connected Russian).
to the transformer. The obtained measurement results for a [3] Energy losses in electric networks of power supply systems / Ed.
specified interval of time were recorded in the memory of the V.N.Kazantseva. – M .: Energoatomisdat 1983. (in Russian).
device, after which they were copied on a computer on which the Biryulin Vladimir Ivanovich
data processing was carried out. Ph.D. (technical Sciences), senior
Using the results of the measurements per day as a basis for researcher of the Software
further calculations, a determination of power losses was made Engineering Department of South-
West State University
by means of calculation, the value of losses for a year was E-mail: bir1956@mail.ru
25365,4 kWh. These losses consist of two components – the no-
load losses and load losses.
Electric energy no-load losses of power transformer ΔW are
determined by catalog value of the no-load power losses ∆Р and
time interval T. Load losses for power transformer ΔW1 are
determined taking into account the transformer load factor β and
211
XIII Международная научно-техническая конференция АПЭП – 2016
Gorlov Aleksey Nikolayevich
Ph.D. (technical Sciences), Associate
Professor of customs affairs and the
global economy Department, Deputy
Dean of the Faculty of Public
Administration and International
Relations of South-West State University
E-mail: alexjulia17@yandex.ru
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