Structural Evaluation of the State of Power Losses in

0.4-220kV Electrical Networks of Khatlon Region,

Republic of Tajikistan
Sirojiddin R. Chorshanbiev Firdavs O. Ismoilov 1, Khushdil S. Sangov2,
Dept of "Power supply" Gafurzhon H. Madzhidov3
Tajik Technical University named after academic M.S.Osimi Dept of "Power supply"
Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan Tajik Technical U niversity named after academic M.S.Osimi
sirochiddin.chorshanbiev.89@mail.ru Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan
1
ismoilovf@mail.ru, 2khushdil.sangov@mail.ru,
3
Majidov-70@mail.ru
Galaktion V. Shvedov
Dept. of Electrical Power Systems
National Research University "MPEI"
Moscow, Russian Federation
ShvedovGV@mpei.ru

Abstract— The results of a structural evaluation of power
losses in 0.4–220 kV electrical networks of Khatlon region of the
Republic of Tajikistan have been described in this paper. The
data about the number and installed capacities of step-down
transformers in substations and the length of transmission lines
in the Khatlon region of the Republic of Tajikistan, classified by
the voltage level from 0.4-220 kV are presented.
The structure of technical power losses according to the
voltage level and the nature of losses has been presented. The
enterprises of electric networks with high levels of relative power
losses have been identified. In addition, significant differences
were found in the ratios of load and conditionally permanent
losses in electric networks of 35-220 kV in some enterprises of
Khatlon region. The values of the components of technical power
losses were compared with the average values in the electrical
networks of Russia.
Keywords— power loss; transformer,;technical power losses;
transmission lines; Khatlon Region; Republic of Tajikistan
the whole of the electric networks of Khatlon region in 2016
was 15.5%. The overestimation of the relative losses of
electricity due to physical processes during transmission and
distribution leads to an increase in electricity tariffs for
consumers. Considering these aspects, the problem of a high
level of losses in the country is recognized at the state level: a
number of relevant laws and decrees have been adopted by the
Government of the Republic of Tajikistan [9-11].
All of this speaks of the high relevance and relevance of
research in this area, and also requires a thorough analysis of
electric power losses in 0.4-220 kV electrical networks in the
Khatlon region. In this connection, this article considers the
analysis and assessment of electric power losses in electrical
networks of 0.4-220 kV in the Khatlon region of the Republic
of Tajikistan.

I. INTRODUCTION
Energy saving, provision of reliable and high-quality
power supply and reduction of electric power losses are
strategic tasks for any electric grid company. Despite the
detailed scientific studies [1-4], today, the level of electric
power losses during its transmission over the power grids of
the Republic of Tajikistan and in particular of the Khatlon
region does not correspond to the optimal values and exceeds
the indicators of technically developed countries that make up
no more than 4-10% from vacation to the network [5-7].
Evidence of this can be seen in Figure 1. The actual relative
loss of electricity in electrical networks of 0.4-220 kV in the
Khatlon region of the Republic of Tajikistan for 2016 [2.8]
exceeds the optimal values of 4-10%.
As follows from Figure 1, the level of relative energy losses Fig. 1. The actual relative power loss in 0.4-220 kV electric networks of
among urban and district electric networks is 13-19%, and in the Khatlon region, Republic of Tajikistan, for 2016

1179 978-1-7281-5761-0/20/$31.00 ©2020 IEEE

 II. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT 6-220 KV STEP DOWN
SUBSTATIONS AND TRANSMISSION LINE IN ELECTRIC
NETWORKS OF THE KHATLON REGION OF THE REPUBLIC OF
TAJIKISTAN
As of 2016, the electrical networks of the Khatlon region
consist of 7 district and city electrical networks [8,12]:1) JSC
"Southern Energy Systems"; 2) JSC "Kulyab ES"; 3) JSC
"Dangara ES"; 4) JSC “Kulyab Mountains. ES; 5) JSC
“Kurgan-Tube ES“ ; 6) JSC "Yavansky ES"; 7) JSC "Nurek
ES".
Table 1 presents data on installed capacities of transformers
of downstream substations (PS) of 6-220 kV, and Table 2
shows data on the length of overhead (OHL) and cable (CL)
power lines (TL) with a rated voltage of 0.4-220 kV, which are
part of the electrical networks of the Khatlon region of the
Republic of Tajikistan [2,8,13].
TABLE I. INSTALLED CAPACITY AND NUMBER OF 6-220 KV TRANSFORMERS IN ELECTRIC NETWORKS OF THE KHATLON REGION FOR 2016
High voltage side of substation (kV)
Number of transformers (pcs)
Transformer rating (MVA)
TABLE II. THE LEANGHT OF 0.4-500 KV OHTL AND CABLES IN ELECTRIC NETWORK OF THE KHATLON REGION FOR 2016
Line Type
0,4 kV 6-10-20 kV
Overhead transmission *13907.908 8417.844
line
*13917.75 8482.982
Cable 222.284 275.24
Total
Note: * In the numerator, the length in the direction, and in the denominators, along the chain
III. ANALYSIS OF POWER LOSSES IN THE 6,10,0,4 KV
ELECTRIC DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS OF THE KHATLON REGION
OF THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN
According to [7,14-16] in the overseas developed countries,
the level of relative losses in distribution networks of 6,10,0,4
kV is 3-5%.
Figure 2 [8.17-20] shows the actual absolute and relative
losses of electricity in the distribution networks of 6.10,0.4 kV
in Khatlon region. As follows from Figure 2 in the 6-10 / 0.4
kV distribution electric networks for the whole Khatlon region
of the Republic of Tajikistan in 2016, the relative loss level was
12.24% (the absolute loss is -345.42 million kWh).
Among urban and regional distribution electric networks of
6-10 / 0.4 kV, a high level of electricity losses is observed in
JSC “Kulyabsky ES” with a relative loss of 13.24% (absolute -
70.17 million kWh).
The Republic of Tajikistan has favorable conditions for the
use of solar energy due to its geographical location and climatic
conditions. In the Republic, the duration of sunshine is 2100-
3166 hours per year, the number of sunny days reaches 280–
330 days per year [12, 21, and 22].
From table 1 it can be seen that the total installed capacity
of transformers at SS 6-220 kV in the Khatlon region as a
whole is 4,263.806 MVA. Of these, the largest share is the
power of 6-10-20-35 / 0.4 kV PS - 1357.256 MVA (31.83%)
and 220 kV PS - 1170 MVA (27.44%); the share of other PS:
110 kV: 939.6 MVA (22.03%), 35 kV: 796.95 MVA (18.7%).
From Table 2 it can be seen that the total length of 0.4-220
kV power transmission lines in the Khatlon region as a whole
is 26191.082 km, of which 25693.558 (98.1%) account for
overhead lines, 497.524 for CL (1, 9 %). Among the overhead
lines, the lines of 0.4 kV are 13,917.75 km (which is 54.2%)
have a significantly greater length in comparison with other
voltage classes. Among CLs, CLs with a voltage of 6-10–20
kV have a greater length — 275.24 km (which is 55.3%).
6-10-20-35/0.4 35 110 220 Total
5201 95 41 9 5346
1357.256 796.95 939.6 1170 4263.806
Length of power lines, km
35 kV 110 kV 220 kV Total
1067.656 1055.041 568.105 25016.554
1195.91 1322.292 774.624 25693.558
- - -
497.524
26191.082
In recent years, to increase the efficiency of the energy
system of the Republic of Tajikistan, distributed generation in
the form of solar energy has been actively introduced [21,22].
Detailed scientific research indicates that the direct
connection of solar generation to the distribution network of
6.10, 0.4 kV, in addition to obvious and undeniable advantages,
leads to a significant unloading of electrical networks and, as a
consequence, a significant increase in relative conditional
permanent losses in distribution networks of 10 kV ( first of all
no-load losses of transformers) [23-28]. On the one hand, this
fact may be one of the main reasons for the high level of
electricity losses in distribution networks of 6.10, 0.4 kV.
On the other hand, a high level of electricity losses in
distribution electric networks of 6.10, 0.4 kV is caused by:
deterioration of electric networks; non-optimal modes of their
work, high irregularity of schedules of electrical loads;
inefficiency of electricity metering systems; the lack of legal
acts and programs aimed at reducing electricity losses; electric
power losses are not calculated on the basis of the accounting
system, only the values of actual (reported) electric power
losses are collected; foci of loss are not detected.
1180
 Fig. 2. Actual power losses (absolute and relative) in 6-10 / 0.4 kV electric distribution networks in the Khatlon region of the Republic of Tajikistan for 2016.
IV. ANALYSIS OF POWER LOSSES IN 35-220 KV HIGH-
VOLTAGE ELECTRIC NETWORKS OF THE KHATLON REGION OF
THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN
Table 3 shows the technical (load and conditionally
permanent) electric power losses in high-voltage electrical
networks of 35-220 kV for individual enterprises of electrical
networks in the Khatlon region.
As follows from table 3, the ratio of load and conditionally
permanent losses in JSC “South ES” - 62.77%: 37.23%, JSC
“Kulyab ES” - 71.93%: 28.07%, JSC “Dangara ES "- 64.52%:
35.48%, JSC Kulyab Mountains. ES - 85.52%: 14.48%, JSC
Yavansky ES - 70.32%: 29.68%, and in JSC Nurek ES -
59.65%: 440.35%.
From table 3. it can be seen that among technical losses the
greatest losses are observed in power transmission lines. In JSC
“Yavansky ES” -58.24%, JSC “Kulyab ES” -57.65%, JSC
“Kulyab Mountains. ES "- 57.27%. The reasons for the high
level of electricity losses in power transmission lines of the
above enterprises are:
1181
• these RESs cover very extensive territories with low
density of electrical loads.
• in absolute terms, the loss of electricity in these
networks as a result is not very large, but when
determining the relative values, dividing by the value of
a very small supply of electricity, bulky values are
obtained.
In some enterprises, on the contrary, among technical losses
the greatest losses in transformers. In JSC “Dangara ES” -
57.6%, JSC “Nurek ES” - 55.3%. This is due to the fact that
most of the transformers in these enterprises are not loaded.
V. CONCLUSION
During the analysis of electric power losses in 0.4-220 kV
electrical networks in the Khatlon region of the Republic of
Tajikistan, the following points have been highlighted:
1) The value of actual relative power losses (as of 2016 -
15.5%) significantly exceeds the standard limit of 10%, which
is considered the maximum allowable from the point of view of
the physics of electricity transmission through electrical transmission lines. In JSC “Yavansky ES” -58.24%, JSC
networks. “Kulyab ES” -57.65%, JSC “Kulyab Mountains. ES "- 57.27%.
and the reasons are:
2) One of the main reasons of the high power losses level in
6, 10, and 0.4 kV distribution networks is the direct integration • These distribution networks cover very extensive
of photovoltaic generating units into the distribution network, territories with low density of electrical loads.
resulting in significant unloading of electrical networks and,
consequently, significant increase in relative conditionally • In absolute terms, the power loss in these networks is
permanent losses in 10 kV distribution networks (first of all, not very large, but when determining the relative values,
no-load losses of transformers); dividing by the value of a very small supply of
electricity, bulky values are obtained.
3) There are enterprises in which the ratio of load and
conditionally permanent losses on the 35-220 kV voltage level 5) In some enterprises, on the contrary, among technical
on average of 75%: 25%, almost comparable to the average for losses the greatest losses are in transformers. In JSC “Dangara
Russia (70%: 30%). ES” - 57.6%, JSC “Nurek ES” - 55.3%. This is due to the fact
that most of the transformers in these enterprises are lightly
4) It was determined that among technical losses at the 35- loaded.
220 kV voltage level, the greatest losses are observed in

TABLE III. THE TECHNICAL POWER LOSSES ON 35-220 KV HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC NETWORKS OF THE HATLON REGION FOR 2015

Technical power losses, *10^6 kWh

The name of electrical

Load Conditionally constant

transmitted, *10^6
Electric power
networks.

Transformers
Transmission
kWh

transformer

substations
Feeders of

Total
Climatic

No-load
%
lines

%
JSC "Southern
1164 29.13 48.47 8.6 14.3 3.66 6.09 12 19.96 6.71 11.2 60.1 5.16
Energy Systems"

JSC "Kulyab ES" 487 17.08 56.33 4.73 15.6 1.32 4.35 4.85 16 2.34 7.72 30.32 6.23

JSC "Dangara
106 0.62 27.32 0.84 37.2 0.09 3.98 0.46 20.4 0.25 11.1 2.26 2.13
ES"
JSC “Kulyab
314 2.1 57.22 1.04 28.3 0.05 1.36 0.4 10.9 0.08 2.22 3.67 1.17
Mountains. ES“
JSC "Yavansky
313 3.8 58.1 0.8 12.2 0.14 2.14 1.53 23.41 0.27 4.15 6.54 2.09
ES »
JSC "Nurek ES" 115 .95 37.25 0.57 22.4 0.05 1.96 0.84 32.9 0.14 5.49 2.55 2.22
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