How To Design

Automatic
Generation Control
of Two Area Power
System Using
MATLAB/SIMULINK
(Part-2)
By Dr. J. A. Laghari

Power System Modelling in MATLAB

 Example
A two area system connected by a tie line has the
following parameters on a 1000 MVA common Base
Area 1 2
Speed Regulation R1 = 0.05 R2 = 0.0625
Frequency sensitive load coefficient D1 = 0.6 D2 = 0.9
Inertia Constant H1 = 5 H2 = 4
Base Power 1000 MVA 1000 MVA
Governor Time Constant Tg1 = 0.2 sec Tg2 = 0.3 sec
Turbine Time Constant Tt1 = 0.5 sec Tt2 = 0.6 sec
 Example
The units are operating in parallel at the nominal frequency
of 60 Hz. The synchronizing power coefficient is computed from
the initial operating condition and is given to be Ps = 2.0 per
unit. A load change of 187.5 MW occurs in Area 1.

(a) Determine the new steady state frequency and the

change in the tie line flow
(b) Construct the Simulink block diagram and obtain the
frequency deviation response for the condition in Part (a)
  Point # 1
What changes are required in the model so that
whole 187.5 MW of load change in area 1 should
be supplied by the generator of Area 1 only
Solution:

 Point #1: Whole 187.5 MW of Load Supplied by Area 1:

Conventional LFC is based upon tie line bias control,
where each area tends to reduce the area control error (ACE)
to zero. The control error for each area is given as below.
n
ACEi   Pij  K i  
j 1

The area bias KI determines the amount of interaction

during a disturbance in the neighboring areas.
Solution:

 Point #1: Whole 187.5 MW of Load Supplied by Area 1:

An overall satisfactory performance is
achieved when KI is selected equal to the
frequency bias factor of that area given by:

1
Bi   Di
Ri
Solution:

 Point #1: Whole 187.5 MW of Load Supplied by Area 1:

The value of B1 and B2 as calculated from the example data is as below:
1 1
B1   D1   0.6  20  0.6  20.6
R1 0.05
1 1
B2   D2   0.9  16  0.9  16.9
R2 0.0625
Thus, the ACE for a two area system are
ACE1  P12  B1  1
ACE2  P21  B2  2
Solution:

New K1 = 0.3
Model
After
Addition
of Area K2 = 0.3
Control
Areas:
  Point # 2
What Changes are required so that
both area supply their power when
change in load occur in both areas
  Point # 3
How to use this model for Bachelor/Master
or one objective of PhD research
 Solution:
 Case Studies:
Case 1. Load Change of 100 MW Occur in Area 1

Case 2. Load Change of 100 MW Occur

in Area 1 and 50 MW Occur in Area 2

Case 3. Load Increment of 100 MW Occur in

Area 1 and 50 MW Decrement Occur in Area 2
  Point # 4
What other research ideas can be added
in this model to extend this research.
 Load Frequency Control
Integration of
PID Controller Tuning with
Renewable Power System Intelligent Controllers
optimization Techniques
Energy Resources

Fuzzy Logic Controller Ant Colony Optimization

Single Area
(ACO)
Power
Wind Energy System Artificial Neural Network Bee Colony Optimization
Resource (Thermal / (BCO)
Hydro Power Radial Basis Function Particle Swarm
Plant) Neural Network Optimization (PSO)
Probabilistic Neural
Two Area Network Fire Fly Optimization
Power
Solar Energy System Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Bacterial Foraging
Resource (Thermal / Inference System (ANFIS) Optimization (BFO)
Hydro Power
Any Other Latest
Plant) Support Vector Machine Optimization Technique

Automatic Generation Control

THANK YOU VERY MUCH