Punctuation/Capitalisation Guid for

Medical Professionals
Dr. Bahaa Hakam
Punctuation
There are 14 punctuation marks that are commonly used in English grammar. They are the
period, question mark, exclamation point, comma, semicolon, colon, dash, hyphen,
parentheses, brackets, braces, apostrophe, quotation marks, and ellipsis. Following their
correct usage will make your writing easier to read and more appealing.

Sentence Endings
Three of the fourteen punctuation marks are appropriate for use as sentence endings. They
are the period, question mark, and exclamation point.

The period (.) is placed at the end of declarative sentences, statements thought to be
complete and after many abbreviations.

 As a sentence ender: Jane and Jack went to the hospital.

 After an abbreviation: Her son, John Jones Jr., was born on Dec. 6, 2008.

Use a question mark (?) to indicate a direct question when placed at the end of a sentence.

 When did Jane leave after the surgery?

The exclamation point (!) is used when a person wants to express a sudden outcry or add
emphasis.

 Within dialogue: "Holy cow!" screamed Jane.

 To emphasize a point: My mother-in-law's rants make me furious!

Comma, Semicolon and Colon

The comma, semicolon and colon are often misused because they all can indicate a pause in
a series.

The comma is used to show a separation of ideas or elements within the structure of a
sentence. Additionally, it is used in numbers, dates and letter writing after the salutation and
closing.

 Direct address: Thanks for all your help, John.

 Separation of two complete sentences: We went to the movies, and then we went out
to lunch.

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  Separating lists or elements within sentences: Suzi wanted the black, green, and blue
dress.

Whether to add a final comma before the conjunction in a list is a matter of debate. This final
comma, known as an Oxford or serial comma, is useful in a complex series of elements or
phrases but is often considered unnecessary in a simple series such as in the example above.
It usually comes down to a style choice by the writer.

The semicolon (;) is used to connect independent clauses. It shows a closer relationship
between the clauses than a period would show.

 John was hurt; he knew she only said it to upset him.

A colon (:) has three main uses. The first is after a word introducing a quotation, an
explanation, an example, or a series.

 He was planning to study four subjects: politics, philosophy, sociology and

economics.

The second is between independent clauses, when the second explains the first, similar to a
semicolon:

 I didn't have time to get changed: I was already late.

The third use of a colon is for emphasis:

 There was one thing she loved more than any other: her dog.

A colon also has non-grammatical uses in time, ratio, business correspondence and
references.

Dash and the Hyphen

Two other common punctuation marks are the dash and hyphen. These marks are often
confused with each other due to their appearance but they are very different.

A dash is used to separate words into statements. There are two common types of dashes: en
dash and em dash.

 En dash: Slightly wider than a hyphen, the en dash is a symbol (-) that is used in
writing or printing to indicate a range or connections and differentiations, such as
1880-1945 or Princeton-New York trains.
 Em dash: Twice as long as the en dash, the em dash can be used in place of a comma,
parenthesis, or colon to enhance readability or emphasize the conclusion of a
sentence. For example, She gave him her answer - No!
Whether you put spaces around the em dash or not is a style choice. Just be
consistent.

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A hyphen is used to join two or more words together into a compound term and is not
separated by spaces. For example, part-time, back-to-back, well-known.

Brackets, Braces and Parentheses

Brackets, braces and parentheses are symbols used to contain words that are a further
explanation or are considered a group.

Brackets are the squared off notations ([]) used for technical explanations or to clarify
meaning. If you remove the information in the brackets, the sentence will still make sense.

 He [Mr. Jones] was the last person seen at the house.

Braces ({}) are used to contain two or more lines of text or listed items to show that they are
considered as a unit. They are not commonplace in most writing, but can be seen in computer
programming to show what should be contained within the same lines. They can also be used
in mathematical expressions. For example, 2{1+[23-3]}=x.

Parentheses ( () ) are curved notations used to contain further thoughts or qualifying

remarks. However, parentheses can be replaced by commas without changing the meaning in
most cases.

 John and Jane (who were actually half brother and sister) both have red hair.

Apostrophe, Quotation Marks and Ellipsis

The final three punctuation forms in English grammar are the apostrophe, quotation marks
and ellipsis. Unlike previously mentioned grammatical marks, they are not related to one
another in any form.

An apostrophe (') is used to indicate the omission of a letter or letters from a word, the
possessive case, or the plurals of lowercase letters.Examples of the apostrophe in use
include:

 Omission of letters from a word: I've seen that movie several times. She wasn't the
only one who knew the answer.
 Possessive case: Sara's dog bit the neighbor.
 Plural for lowercase letters: Six people were told to mind their p's and q's.

It should be noted that, according to Purdue University, some teachers and editors enlarge
the scope of the use of apostrophe, and prefer their use on symbols (&'s), numbers (7's) and
capitalized letters (Q&A's), even though they are not necessary.

Quotations marks (" ") are a pair of punctuation marks used primarily to mark the
beginning and end of a passage attributed to another and repeated word for word. They are
also used to indicate meanings and to indicate the unusual or dubious status of a word.

 "Don't go outside," she said.

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Single quotation marks (' ') are used most frequently for quotes within quotes.

 Marie told the teacher, "I saw Marc at the playground, and he said to me 'Bill started
the fight,' and I believed him."

The ellipsis is most commonly represented by three periods (. . . ) although it is occasionally

demonstrated with three asterisks (***). The ellipsis is used in writing or printing to indicate
an omission, especially of letters or words. Ellipses are frequently used within quotations to
jump from one phrase to another, omitting unnecessary words that do not interfere with the
meaning. Students writing research papers or newspapers quoting parts of speeches will
often employ ellipsis to avoid copying lengthy text that is not needed.

 Omission of words: She began to count, "One, two, three, four…" until she got to 10,
then went to find him.
 Within a quotation: When Newton stated, "An object at rest stays at rest and an
object in motion stays in motion..." he developed the law of motion.

Capitalization (upper-case and lower-case) for OET and PH-D thesis

Chemical, medical and pharmacological terms

Do not capitalize the names of conditions, syndromes and the like, but capitalize a personal name
that forms part of such a term:
 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
 diabetes insipidus
 Alzheimer disease
 Down syndrome

Capitalize the names of infectious organisms but not the names of conditions based upon such
names:
People attacked by Salmonella are likely to suffer from salmonellosis. Capitalize trade names of
drugs and any other manufactured products:

 Aspirin
 Tylenol
 Valium

Do not capitalize the generic names of drugs:

 acetaminophen
 acetylsalicylic acid


Faculties, departments, services, programs and committees

Capitalize the names of faculties, departments, services, programs and committees when you write
them in full:
 Neurology Department
 Faculty of Medicine
 Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine
 Information Management Services

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  MD Program
 Curriculum Content Review Committee

Do not capitalize the plural forms, even when the full titles of the bodies concerned are given:
Researchers from the departments of Anesthesia, Clinical and Basic Sciences, Infectious

Faculty vs. faculty

Do not capitalize when referring to the teaching staff, but capitalize when referring to the academic
unit.
The Faculty’s students are required to complete evaluations on faculty.

Headings
In centered headings, capitalize every word except for articles (unless they begin the heading) and
any conjunctions or prepositions of fewer than four letters.
Chronic Heart Failure in Adult Patients
The term "cardiovascular disease" (CVD) refers to…

Job titles
Do not capitalize the title when it stands alone or is pluralized:
The dean chaired the meeting, which was attended by content experts, unit leaders and professors.
The academic advisor works closely with the vice-dean and the counselors to guide students through
challenging situations.

Capitalize the title when it directly precedes a name and replaces courtesy titles such as Mr. or Ms.:
The Dean, Dr. Bradjwen, will preside over the ceremony.
The University honoured Professor Kate Watson.

Capitalize the title in a letter or an email signature:

 Linda Chenard
Operations Manager
Faculty of Medicine

 Melissa Forgie,
Vice-Dean

Bulleted lists
In point-form lists, grammar and syntax determine the capitalization of the initial letters.
If your list contains single words and phrases, do not capitalize the first word:
The following are complications of acute myocardial infarction:
 electrical complications
 mechanical complications
 left ventricular thrombus
 pericarditis

If your list is composed of complete sentences, capitalize the first word (and use a period at the end
of all the items):
A pandemic occurs if the new infection causes severe illness or death in the population and the
following three conditions are met:
 The new viruses are introduced into populations in which there is no or little existing
immunity.

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  The new viruses can be effectively transmitted from person to person.
 Rapid spread of infection can result.

Races, languages and peoples

Capitalize nouns and adjectives referring to race, tribe, nationality and language:
 As a bilingual investigator, she works in both Anglophone and Francophone research
communities.
 He learned to speak Cree because it was the only language his grandmother spoke.
 Coronary heart disease is more common among Caucasian populations.
 Discuss social factors affecting the health of Inuit children.

International System of Units

Capitalize only the word Celsius when writing the names of SI/metric units in full. When using
symbols, capitalize only those based on personal names and the letter L for litre:
 -1°C (degree Celsius)
 175 lb. (pounds)
 30 m (metres)
 12 V (volts)
 30 L (litres)

Subject areas and disciplines

Do not capitalize the names of subject areas and disciplines.
 She is interested in pediatrics.
 Students should read articles on epidemiology in their spare time.

Capitalize the first letter in disciplines and subject areas only in an official academic unit title:
 School of Psychology
 Department of Social Sciences

University vs. university

Capitalize when it refers to a specific institution:
 The University of Ottawa is home to the only bilingual medical school in the world. The
University also boasts a state-of-the-art simulation centre.

Do not capitalize when it is simply a common noun:

 Richard has balanced university life with volunteering for a number of organizations.

and when you pluralize it, even before a series of specific institution names:
The conference attracted students from the universities of Montreal, Ottawa and Toronto.

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 CAPITALISATION

Capitalisation rule for Medication

Brand Name
Generic Name
Must starts with
Always start with small letter
capital letter
Abelcet amphotericin b lipid complex
Abilify aripiprazole
Abilify Maintena
aripiprazole
injection
Abraxane albumin-bound paclitaxel
Acanya clindamycin phosphate and benzoyl peroxide
Accupril quinapril HCI
Accuretic quinapril/HCTZ tablet
Actemra tocilizumab
Actimmune interferon gamma-1b
Activase alteplase
Acuvail ketorolac tromethamine ophthalmic solution
tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular
Adacel
pertussis vaccine
Adagen pegademase bovine
Adcetris brentuximab vedotin
Adcirca tablets tadalafil
Adempas Tablet riociguat
Adlyxin lixisenatide
Admelog insulin lispro injection
Advair diskus
fluticasone/propionate/salmeterol
100/50
Advair diskus
fluticasone/propionate/salmeterol
250/50
Advair diskus
fluticasone propionate/salmeterol
500/50
Advair HFA fluticasone propionate and salmeterol
Advate antihemophilic factor
Adynovate Antihemophilic Factor (Recombinant), PEGylated
Afinitor everolimus
Afinitor Disperz everolimus
Afstyla antihemophilic factor (recombinant)
Agrylin anagrelide hydrochloride

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Aimovig erenumab
Ajovy fremanezumab-vfrm
Akynzeo capsule netupitant/palonosetron capsule
Albenza tablets albendazole
Aldactazide spironolactone and hydrochlorothiazide
Aldactone spironolactone
Aldara imiquimod
Aldurazyme laronidase
Alecensa alectinib
Alfamino Infant nutrition supplement
Alfamino Junior nutritional supplement
Alimta pemetrexed
Alinia tablets nitazoxanide
Aliqopa copanlisib
Allegra OTC fexofenadine OTC tablet
Alphagan P 1% brimonidine tartrate ophthalmic solution
antihemophilic factor/von willebrand factor complex
Alphanate injection
(human)
AlphaNine SD coagulation factor ix (human)
Alphaquin HP
hydroquinone cream
cream
Alprolix Powder coagulation factor IX (rDNA)
Alrex suspension
loteprednol etabonate ophthalmic suspension
.2%
Altace ramipril
Alunbrig brigatinib
Alvesco ciclesonide
AmBisome
amphotericin B, lipid-based
(injection)
Amitiza lubiprostone
Anafranil clomipramine hcl
Analpram HC
hydrocortisone/pramoxine
Cream
Ancobon Caps flucytosine
AndroGel testosterone gel
Android capsules methyltestosterone capsules
Angeliq drospirenone/estradiol
Anoro Ellipta umeclidinium and vilanterol inhalation powder
Anusol-HC (cream) hydrocortisone cream
Apidra insulin glulisine
Apligraf bi-layered skin substitute
Apriso mesalamine extended release

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Aptiom Tablet eslicarbazepine acetate
Aptivus capsules tipranavir
Aralast aralast
Aranesp darbepoetin alfa
Arcapta neohaler indaceterol
Arestin minocycline
Arimidex anastrazole
Aristada aripiprazole lauroxil
Armour Thyroid thyroid
Arnuity Ellipta fluticasone furoate inhalation powder
Aromasin exemestane
Arranon nelarabine
Arthrotec diclofenac sodium/misoprostol
Arzerra ofatumumab
Asmanex HFA mometasone furoate
Asmanex Twisthaler mometasone furoate inhalation powder
Astagraf XL tacrolimus
Atgam lymphocyte immune globulin/anti-thymocyte globulin
Atopiclair Cream nonsteroidal cream
Atripla efavirenx/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
Atrovent HFA
ipratropium bromide
Inhalation Aerosol
Aubagio tablets teriflunomide
Auryxia Tablet ferric citrate)
Austedo deutetrabenazine
Auvi-Q epinephrine injection
Avandia tablets rosiglitazone maleate
Avastin bevacizumab
Avonex interferon beta-1a
Avycaz Vials ceftazidime/avibactam
Aygestin norethindrone acetate tablet
Azopt brinzolamide suspension
Azulfidine sulfasalazine
Bacitracin bacitracin
Balversa erdafitinib
Banzel rufinamide
Baraclude Oral
entecavir
Solution
Baraclude tablets entecavir
Basaglar insulin glargine injection
Baxdela delafloixacin

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Bebulin factor IX complex
Beconase AQ (nasal
beclomethasone dipropionate
spray)
Beleodaq Powder belinostat
Belsomra suvorexant
Belviq tablet lorcaserin hydrochloride
Bendeka Injection bendamustine HCl
Benlysta belimumab
Benzamycin Topical
erythromycin; benzoyl peroxide
Gel
Bepreve Ophthalmic
bepotastine besilate
Solution 1.5%
Berinert c1 esterase inhibitor
Besivance besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension
Besponsa inotuzumab ozogamicin
Betaseron interferon beta-1b
Bethkis Inhalation
tobramycin
Solution
Bevespi Aerosphere glycopyrrolate and formoterol fumarate
Beyaz drospirenon/ethinyl estradiol/levomefolate calcium
Biafine biafine
BiDil isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine hydrochloride
Biktarvy bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide
Biltricide praziquantel
Blincyto blinatumomab
Boost Kid Essentials nutritional supplement
Boost Kid Essentials
nutritional supplement
1.5
Boost Kid Essentials
nutritional supplement
1.5 Fiber
Boost Original nutritional supplement
Boost Plus nutritional supplement
Boost VHC nutritional supplement
tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular
Boostrix
pertussis vaccine
Bosulif bosutinib
Botox botulinum toxin type A
Breo Ellipta fluticasone furoate and vilanterol inhalation powder
Brilinta Tablets ticagrelor
Brineura cerliponase alpa
Brisdelle Capsule paroxetine
Briviact brivaracetam

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Bryhali lotion halobetasol propionate
Buphenyl Powder sodium phenylbutyrate
Buphenyl Tablet sodium phenylbutyrate
Butrans
buprenorphine
Transdermal System
Bydureon exenatide extended-release for injection suspension
Byetta exenatide
Bystolic nebivolol
Byvalson nebivolol and valsartan
Cabometyx cabozantinib s-malate
Caduet amlodipine besylate/atorvastatin calcium
Calan verapamil HCl
Calquence acalabrutinib
Campath 30mg alemtuzumab
Camptosar irinotecan hcl
Canasa mesalamine
Cancidas caspofungin acetate
Caprelsa vandetanib
Carac Cream fluorouracil cream
Carbaglu carglumic acid
Carbatrol carbamazepine
Cardura doxazosin mesylate
Carimune NF nanofiltered immune globulin intravenous (human)
Carnitor levocarnitine (L-Carnitine)
Cathflo alteplase
Caverject alprostadil
Cayston aztreonam for inhalation solution
Celebrex celecoxib
CellCept mycophenolate mofetil
Celontin methsuximide
Cerdelga Capsule eliglustat
Cerezyme imiglucerase
Cetrotide injection cetrorelix acetate
Chantix varenicline
Chemet Capsules succimer
Cholbam capsule cholic acid capsule
Cialis tadalafil
CIMZIA certolizumab pegol
Cinqair reslizumab
Cinryze c1 esterase inhibito
Ciprodex ciprofloxacin and dexamethasone

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Cleocin clindamycin phosphate
Cleocin Phosphate clindamycin phosphate
Climara Pro
estradiol/levonorgestrel transdermal system
0.045mg/.015mg
Clindagel Topical
clinclamycin phosphate gel
Gel
Clolar clofarabine injection
Clozapine clozapine
Coartem artmether and lumefantrine tablets
Colazal balsalazide
Colcrys tablet colchicine
Colestid colestipol hcl
Combigan brimonidine tartrate/timolol maleate opthalmic solution
Combivent
ipratropium bromide; albuterol sulfate
Inhalation Aerosol
Combivir tablets lamivudine/ziovudine tablets
Compleat compleat
Compleat Pediatric compleat pediatric
Complera emtricitabine/rilpivirine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
Concerta methyphenidate HCI
Copaxone glatiramer acetate
Coreg CR carvedilol phosphate extended release capsules
Corgard nadolol
Corifact factor xiii concentrate (human)
Corlanor ivabradine
Cortef hydrocortisone cypionate
Corvert ibutilide fumarate
Corzide antihypertensive combinations
Cosentyx secukinumab
Cosmegen Injection dactinomycin injectable
Cotellic cobimetinib
Creon Delayed-
pancrelipase
Release capsules
Cresemba Capsule isavuconazonium sulfate
Cresemba Injection isavuconazonium sulfate
Crinone progesterone gel
Crixivan indinavir sulfate
Cubicin injection daptomycin
Cuprimine capsules penicillamine
Cuvitru Immune Globulin Subcutaneous (Human)
Cycloset tablet bromocriptine mesylate tablets
Cyklokapron tranexamic acid

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Cymbalta duloxetine hcl
Cyramza ramucirumab injection
Cystadane betaine anhydrous
Cystaran cysteamine
Cytomel liothyronine sodium
Cytotec misoprostol
Cytra-K potassium citrate
Daklinza daclatasvir
Daliresp roflumilast
Dalvance Vials dalbavancin
Daraprim tablet pyrimethamine
Darzalex daratumumab
Daypro oxaprozin
Defitelio Defibrotide sodium
Delstrigo doravirine, lamivudine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
Delzicol DR
mesalamine
Capsules
Demser capsules metyrosine
Depakote Capsules
divalproex
and Oral Solution
Depakote ER
divalproex sodium extended release tablets
Tablets
Depakote Tablets divalproex sodium delayed release tablets
Depo Estradiol estrodiol cypionate in oil
Depo Provera medroxyprogesterone contraceptive injection
Depo-Medrol sterile methylprednisolone acetate
Depo-subQ Provera
medroxyprogesterone acetate
104
Depo-Testosterone testosterone cypionate
Depocyt cytarabine liposome
Dermagraft Dermal
dermagraft
Substitute 2x3
Dermazene cream hydrocortisone/iodoquinol cream
Descovy emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide
Desoxyn tablet methamphetamine hydrochloride
Detachol adhesive remover
Detrol tolterodine tartrate tablet
Detrol LA tolterodine tartrate
Dexilant dexlansoprazole
Diabetisource AC diabetisource AC
Diclegis Tablet doxylamine succinate/pyridoxine hydrochloride
Diflucan fluconazole

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Dilantin phenytoin sodium capsule
Doxil doxorubicin HCL liposome injection
Droxia hydroxyurea
Duac Topical Gel clindamycin phosphate/benzoyl peroxide
Duavee Tablet conjugated estrogens/bazedoxifene
Duexis Tablet ibuprofen/famotidine
Dulera Inhalation
mometasone furoate/formoterol fumarate dihydrate
Aerosol
Durezol difluprednate emulsion
Duzallo tablets lesinurad and allopurinol
Dymista Nasal
azelastine/fluticasone propionate
Spray
Dysport Injection abobotulinumtoxinA
E.E.S. granules; oral erythromycin ethylsuccinate granule; oral
Edarbi Tablet azilsartan medoxomil
Edarbyclor Tablet azilartan medoxomil/chlorthalidone
Edurant rilpivirne
Effexor XR venlafaxine
Efudex fluorouracil
Egrifta tesamorelin for injection
Elaprase Solution idsulfase
Elidel pimecrolimus
Eligard leuprolide acetate
Eliquis apixaban
Elitek rasburicase
Ellence epirubicin hcl
Elmiron pentosan polysulfate sodium
Elocon Cream mometasone furoate
Eloctate Injection antihemophilic factor recombinant fc fusion protein
Embeda morphine sulfate and naltrexone hydrochloride
Emcyt estramustine phosphate sodium
EMEND aprepitant
EMEND for
fosaprepitant dimeglumine
Injection
Emflaza deflazacort
Emgality injection galcanezumab-gnlm
Empliciti elotuzumab
EMSAM selegiline transdermal
Emtriva emtricitabine
Emverm mebendazole
Enbrel etanercept

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Enemeez docusate sodium
Enfamil EnfaCare infant formula
Enfamil Human
Milk Fortifier infant formula
Powder
Enfamil Infant
infant formula
Formula Liquid
Enfamil Infant
infant formula
Formula Powder
Enfamil Reguline
infant formula
Powder
Engerix-B hepatitis B vaccine (recombinant)
Entereg Capsule alvimopan
Entresto sacubitril/valsartan
Entyvio Injection vedolizumab
Envarsus XR tacrolimus extended-release tablets
Epclusa sofosbuvir/velpatasvir tablet
Epiduo Gel adapalene and benzoyl peroxinde
Epinephrine auto
epinephrine auto injector
injector .15mg
EpiPen epinephrine
EpiPen Jr epinephrine
Epivir oral solution lamivudine oral solution
Epivir tablets lamivudine
Epivir-HBV oral
lamivudine
solution
Epivir-HBV tablets lamivudine
Epogen epoetin alfa
Epzicom tablets abacavir sulfate and lamivudine
Equetro carbamazepine
Eraxis anidulafungin IV
Erbitux cetuximab
Erivedge vismodegib
Erleada Tablets apalutamide
Erwinaze Injection asparaginase erwinia chrysanthemi
EryPed erythromycin ethylsuccinate for oral suspension
Esbriet pirfenidone
Estrace Cream estradiol vaginal cream
Estring estradiol vaginal ring
Etopophos etoposide phosphate
Evista raloxifene tablet
Evotaz Tablet atazanavir/cobicistat

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Evzio naloxone hcl injection
Exalgo tablets hydromorphine
Exjade deferasirox
Extavia interferon beta-1b
Eylea injection aflibercept
Fabrazyme agalsidase beta
Famvir famciclovir tablet
Fanapt iloperidone
Fareston toremifene citrate
Farxiga Tablet dapagliflozin
Farydak Capsule panobinostat
Fasenra benralizumab
Faslodex fulvestrant
Feiba VH powder coagulant complex inhibitor
Felbatol Oral
felbamate
Suspension
Felbatol Tablets felbamate
Feldene piroxicam
Fentora fentanyl buccal
Fetzima Extended
levomilnacipran
Release Capsules
Fiasp insulin aspart injection
Firazyr Injection icatibant
Flagyl metronidazole
Flarex fluorometholone acetate suspension
Flector Patch 1.3% diclofenac epolamine topical patch
Flexeril Cyclobenzaprine
Florinef fludrocortisone acetate
Flovent Diskus
fluticasone propionate inhalation power
100mcg
Flovent Diskus 250
fluticasone propionate inhalation power
mcg
Flovent Diskus
fluticasone propionate inhalation power
50mcg
Flovent HFA 110
fluticasone propionate inhalation aerosol
mcg
Flovent HFA 220
fluticasone propionate inhalation aerosol
mcg
Flovent HFA 44
fluticasone propionate inhalation aerosol
mcg
Focalin XR dexmethylphenidate hcl
Folotyn pralatrexate injection

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Forfivo XL Tablet bupropion
Forteo teriparatide
Fosrenol lanthanum carbonate
Fragmin dalteparin sodium
Frova 2.5mg frovatriptan succinate
Fusilev Injection levoleucovorin
Fycompa Tablet perampanel
Gabitril tiagabine HCI
Galzin zinc acetate
Gammagard immune globulin intravenous (human)
Gammaplex iv immune globulin; intravenous iv
Gamunex-C immune globulin; intravenous
Gardasil 9 human papillomavirus 9valent recombinant
Gattex Injectable teduglutide
Gazyva obinutuzumab
Gelnique oxybutynin chloride
Gengraf Capsules cyclosporine capsules, USP modified
Genotropin somatropin
Genvoya elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide
Geodon ziprasidone HCI
Gilenya fingolimod
Glassia Injection alpha1-proteinase inhibitor (human)
Glatopa glatiramer acetate injection
Gleevec imatinib mesylate
Gliadel Wafer polifeprosan 20 with carmustine implant
GlucaGen Hypokit glucagon (rDNA) for injection
Glucagon glucagon
Glucotrol glipizide
Glynase PresTab micronized glyburide
Glyset miglitol
Glytrol glytrol
Glyxambi Tablet empagliflozin/linagliptin
Gonal-f prefilled
follintropin alpha
pen
Gralise tablet gabapentin
Granix Injection tbo-filgrastim
H.P. Acthar Gel corticotropin (ACTH)
Halaven Injection eribulin mesylate
Halcion triazolam
Haldol Decanoate
haloperidol
Injection

17 PUNCTUATION/CAPITALISATION FOR DOCTORS BAHAA HAKAM 01011345563

Haldol injection haloperidol injection
Harvoni tablet ledipasvir/sofosbuvir
Helixate FS antihemophilic factor (recombinant)
Hemabate carboprost tromethamine,USP
Hemlibra emicizumab-kxwh
Hemofil M AHF antihemophilic factor
Heparin sodium injection
Hepsera adefovir dipivoxil
Herceptin trastuzumab
Hetlioz tasimelteon capsule
Hizentra vial 20% immune globulin subcutaneous (human)
Horizant gabapentin enacarbil
Humalog Injection insulin lispro injection
Humalog KwikPen insulin lispro injection
Humalog KwikPen
insulin lispro injection (rDNA)
Mix 50/50
Humalog KwikPen
insulin lispro injection (rDNA)
Mix 75/25
50% Insulin Lispro Protamine Suspension, 50% Insulin
Humalog Mix 50/50
Lispro Injection (rDNA)
Humalog Mix 75/25 human insulin lispro (rDNA)
antihemophilic factor/von willebrand factor complex
Humate-P
(Human)
HUMIRA adalimumab
Humulin 70/30 isophane human insulin (rDNA); human insulin (rDNA)
Humulin N Injection NPH human insulin (rDNA)
Humulin R Injection Regular human insulin (rDNA)
Humulin R U-500
Injection; regular insulin human [rDNA Origin]
Concentrated
Hyalgan hyaluronate sodium
Hycamtin capsules topotecan
Hycamtin injection topotecan HCl
Hylatopic Plus
Hylatopic Plus Cream
Cream
Hylatopic Plus
Hylatopic Plus Foam
Foam
Hylatopic Plus
Hylatopic Plus Lotion
Lotion
Hymovis high molecular weight viscoelastic hyaluronan
Hypercare Solution
aluminum chloride/anhydrous ethyl alcohol solution; topical
Rx solution; topical
HyQvia Injectable immune globulin infusion human with recombinant human

18 PUNCTUATION/CAPITALISATION FOR DOCTORS BAHAA HAKAM 01011345563

 hyaluronidase
Hysingla ER hydrocodone bitartrate
Ibrance palbociclib
Iclusig ponatinib
Idamycin idarubicin hcl
Idelvion coagulation factor IX (recombinant), albumin fusion protein
Idhifa enasidenib
Ilaris canakinumab
Ilevro nepafenac suspension
Iluvien fluocinolone acetonide implant
Imbruvica ibrutinib
Imfinzi durvalumab
Imitrex (Nasal
sumatriptan succinate
Spray)
Imlygic talimogene laherparepvec
Imogam rabies immune globulin
Imovax rabies vaccine
Impact Peptide 1.5 impact peptide 1.5
Increlex Injection mecasermin
Incruse Ellipta umeclidinium inhalation powder
InFed infed
Inflectra infliximab-dyyb
Ingrezza valbenazine
Injectafer Injection ferric carboxymaltose
Inlyta axitinib
Inspra eplerenone
Intelence etravirine
Intron A interferon alfa-2b
Intuniv Extended
guanfacine
Release Tablets
Invanz ertapenem
Invega Sustenna paliperidone palmitate
Invega Trinza paliperidone palmitate
Invokamet canagliflozin-metformin
Invokamet XR canagliflozin/metformin HCI
Invokana canagliflozin
Iressa gefitinib
Isentress raltegravir
Isentress HD tablet raltegravir
Istodax injection romidepsin
Ixempra ixabepilone

19 PUNCTUATION/CAPITALISATION FOR DOCTORS BAHAA HAKAM 01011345563

Jadenu Sprinkle
deferasirox
granules
Jadenu Tablet deferasirox
Jakafi Tablet ruxolitinib
Jalyn dutasteride and tamsulosin hydrochloride
Janumet sitagliptin/metformin HCL
Janumet XR sitagliptin/metformia HCI extended -release
Januvia sitagliptin phosphate
Jardiance Tablet empagliflozin
Jentadueto tablet linagliptin/metformin HCI
Jentadueto XR linagliptin and metformin hydrochloride extended-release
Jetrea Injection ocriplasmin
Jevtana cabazitaxel
Jivi antihemophilic factor (recombinant) PEGylated
Jublia efinaconazole
Jynarque tolvaptan
Kadcyla ado-trastuzumab emtansine
Kalbitor injection
ecallantide
10mg/mL
Kaletra oral solution lopinavir/ritonavir oral solution
Kaletra tablets lopinavir/ritonavir capsules
Kalydeco ivacaftor
Kanuma sebelipase alfa
Kazano alogliptin and metformin HCL
Kemadrin procyclidine HCL
Kepivance palifermin
Kevzara sarilumab
Keytruda pembrolizumab
Kineret anakinra
Kisqali ribociclib
Kisqali Femara Co-
ribociclib and letrozole
Pack tablets
Klor-Con 8mEQ potassium chloride ER tablet
Klor-Con M10 potassium chloride ER tablet
Kogenate FS antihemophilic factor (recombinant)
Kombiglyze XR saxagliptin/metformin hcl extended-release
Korlym tablets mifepristone
Kovaltry antihemophilic factor (recombinant)
Kristalose oral
lactulose
solution
Krystexxa IV pegloticase
Kuvan sapropterin dihydrochloride

20 PUNCTUATION/CAPITALISATION FOR DOCTORS BAHAA HAKAM 01011345563

Kyleena levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system
Kyprolis Injection carfilzomib
Lacrisert
hydroxypropyl cellulose opthalmic insert
Ophthalmic insert
Lamictal lamotrigine
Lamictal ODT
(patient titration lamotrigine
kits)
Lamictal Starter Kits lamotrigine
Lamictal XR lamotrigine
LAMICTAL XR
Patient Titration lamotrigine
Kits
Lantus insulin glargine
Lantus (SoloStar
insulin glargine
pen)
Lartruvo olaratumab injection
Latuda tablets lurasidone HCI
Lemtrada alemtuzumab
Lenvima lenvatinib
Letairis Tablets ambrisentan
Levemir insulin detemir (rDNA) injection
Levoleucovorin
levoleucovorin injection
injection
Levoxyl levothyroxine
Lexiscan regadenoson injection
Lexiva oral
fosamprenavir calcium
suspension
Lexiva tablets fosamprenavir calcium
Lialda mesalamine
Liletta Intrauterine
Contraceptive levonorgestrel
Device
Lincocin lincomycin
Linzess Capsules linaclotide
Lioresal injectable baclofen injectable; intrathecal
Lipitor atorvastatin calcium
Lithostat acetohydroxamine acid
Livalo pitavastatin
LMX Anesthetic
lidocaine topical
Cream 4%
Locoid Lipocream hydrocortisone
Locoid Lotion .1% hydrocortisone butyrate

21 PUNCTUATION/CAPITALISATION FOR DOCTORS BAHAA HAKAM 01011345563

Lodosyn tablets carbidopa
Lokelma sodium zirconium cyclosilicate
Lomotil diphenoxylate hydrochloride/atropine sulfate
Lonsurf trifluridine and tipiracil
Lopid gemfibrozil
Lorabid loracarbef
Lorbrena lorlatinib
Lotemax Gel 0.5% loteprednol etabonate ophthalmic
Lotrisone Cream clotrimazole/betamethasone cream
Lotrisone Lotion clotrimazole & betamethasone diproprionate
Lotronex alosetron HCL
Lovenox enoxaparin sodium
Lucentis ranibizumab injection
Lumigan bimatoprost ophthalmic solution
Lumizyme IV alglucosidase alfa
Lumoxiti moxetumomab pasudotox
Lupaneta Pack
leuprolide acetate/norethindrone acetate
Injection/Tablet
Lupron Depot leuprolide acetate
Lupron Depot (ped) leuprolide acetate for depot supspension
Luzu Cream luliconazole
Lynparza olaparib
Lynparza Capsule olaparib
Lyrica pregabalin
Lyrica CR pregabalin
Lysodren mitotane
M-M-R ll measles, mumps, and rubella virus vaccine live
Macugen injection pegaptanb sodium
Makena Injection hydroxyprogesterone caproate
Malarone tablets atovaquone and proguanil hcl
Marplan isocarboxazid
Marqibo Injectable vinCRIStine sulfate
Mastisol liquid adhesive
MatriStem Wound
lyophilized extracellular matrix
Matrix
Matulane procarbazine HCL
Mavyret glecaprevir/pibrentasvir
Maxalt rizatriptan benzoate
Maxalt-MLT rizatriptan benzoate
Maxidex dexamethasone suspension
Medrol methylprednisolone

22 PUNCTUATION/CAPITALISATION FOR DOCTORS BAHAA HAKAM 01011345563

Mekinist trametinib
Melpaque HP cream hydroquinone
Menactra Polysaccharide Diphtheria Toxoid Conjugate Vaccine
Menest esterified estrogens
Menopur Injection menotropins
Menostar estradiol transdermal system
Mephyton tablets phytonadione
Mepron suspension atovaquone
Metabolic Products
infant formula
Powder
Miacalcin calcitonin-salmon
Mirena levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system
Mirvaso Topical Gel brimonidine
Monoclate-P Antihemophilic Factor (Human) Factor VIII:C Pasteurized
MonoNine Injection factor ix
Monovisc sodium hyaluronate
Monurol Powder fosfomycin
Movantik naloxegol oxalate
polyethylene glycol 3350, sodium sulfate, sodium chloride,
MoviPrep potassium chloride, sodium ascorbate, and ascorbic acid for
oral solution
Mozobil plerixafor injection
MuGard oral rinse mucadhesive
Multaq dronedarone tablets
Mustargen Injection mechlorethamine injectable
Mycamine injection micafungin sodium
Mycobutin rifabutin
Mydayis (mixed salts of a single-entity amphetamine product
Myfortic mycophenolic acid
Mylotarg gemtuzumab
Myobloc Injection rimabotulinumtoxinB
Myozyme alglucosidase alfa
Myrbetriq mirabegron
Mytesi tablet;
crofelemer
delayed-release
Namenda Oral
memantine
Solution
Namenda Tablets memantine hcl
Namenda Titration
memantine hcl
Pak
Namenda XR
memantine
capsule

23 PUNCTUATION/CAPITALISATION FOR DOCTORS BAHAA HAKAM 01011345563

 memantine hydrochloride extended-_release and donepezil
Namzaric Capsules
_hydrochloride
Nardil phenelzine sulfate
Nascobal nasal
cyanocobalamin
spray
Nasonex mometasone furoate
Natazia estradiol valerate and estradiol valerate/dienogest
Natpara Injection parathyroid hormone
Neocate Powdered
Neocate Powdered Formula
Formula
NeoProfen Injection ibuprofen lysine
Neoral cyclosporine
Nerlynx neratinib maleate
Nesina alogliptin
Neulasta pegfilgrastim
Neupogen filgrastim
Neupro Transdermal
rotigotine
System
Neurontin gabapentin
Nexavar sorafenib
Nicotrol nicotine
Ninlaro ixazomib
Nitrostat nitroglycerin
Nivestym filgrastim-aafi
Norditropin FlexPro
somatropin (rDNA origin)
Injection
Noritate Cream metronidazole
Norpace disopyramide
Northera Capsule droxidopa
Norvasc amlodipine besylate
Norvir oral solution ritonavir oral solution
Norvir Soft Gelatin
ritonavir soft gelatin capsules
Capsules
Norvir Tablets ritonavir tablets
Novarel Injection chorionic gonadotropin
Novoeight vial antihemophilic factor (recombinant) vial
Novolin 70/30 Vials insulin (rDNA)
Novolin N Vials 70% NPH/30% regular human insulin (rDNA)
Novolin R Vials regular, human insulin injection (rDNA)
NovoLog insulin analog injection
NovoLog Mix 70/30 insulin analog injection
NovoSeven RT coagulation factor viia (recombinant)

24 PUNCTUATION/CAPITALISATION FOR DOCTORS BAHAA HAKAM 01011345563

injection
Noxafil posaconazole
Nplate romiplostim
Nucala mepolizumab
Nuedexta dextromethorphan hydrobromide and quinidine sulfate
Nulojix belatacept
Nuplazid pimavanserin
Nutramigen Liquid infant formula
Nutramigen Powder infant formula
Nutren 1.0 with
nutren 1.0 with fiber
Fiber
Nutren 1.5 nutren 1.5
Nutren Junior nutren junior
Nutren Junior Fiber nutren junior fiber
Nutropin AQ somatropin (rDNA) injection
Nuvigil armodafinil
Ocrevus ocrelizumab
Odefsey emtricitabine/rilpivirine/tenofovir alafenamide
Ofev Capsule nintedanib
Olumiant baricitinib
Omnitrope somatropin [rDNA origin] for injection
Omnitrope Injection somatropin (rDNA)
Onexton Gel clindamycin phosphate and benzoyl peroxide
Onfi Tablet clobazam
Onglyza saxagliptin
Onivyde injection irinotecan liposome
Onzetra Xsail sumatriptan
Opdivo Injection nivolumab
Opsumit Tablet macitentan
Optune Medical
tumor treating fields
Device
Oracea Capsule doxycycline
ORAP (tablets) pimozide
Orbactiv oritavancin
Orencia abatacept
Orenitram tablet;
treprostinil
extended release
Orfadin nitisinone
Orilissa elagolix
Orkambi lumacaftor/ivacaftor
Ortho-Prefest estrogens and progestins

25 PUNCTUATION/CAPITALISATION FOR DOCTORS BAHAA HAKAM 01011345563

Orthovisc hyaluronan
Oseni alogliptin and pioglitazone
Otezla Tablet apremilast
Otiprio ciprofloxacin
Otrexup Injection methotrexate
Ovidrel injection choriogonadotropin alfa
Oxsoralen-Ultra methoxsalen USP
Oxtellar XR Tablet oxcarbazepine
Oxycontin Tablet oxycodone
Ozurdex Intravitreal
dexamethasone
Implant
Pamelor (capsules) nortriptyline
Pancreaze Delayed-
pancrelipase
Release Capsules
Panhematin
hemin
Injection
Parsabiv etelcalcetide
Pataday olopatadine hydrochloride solution
Pazeo olopatadine hydrochloride solution
PCE Tablets erythromycin
Peganone Tablets ethotoin
Pennsaid diclofenac sodium solution; topical
Diptheria and Tetanus Toxoids and Acellular Pertussis
Pentacel Adsorbed, Inactivated Poliovirus and Haemophilus b
Conjugate (Tetanus Toxoid Conjugate) Vaccine
Pentasa mesalamine
Peptamen peptamen
Peptamen 1.5 peptamen 1.5
Peptamen Junior peptamen junior
Peptamen Junior 1.5 nutritional supplement
Peptamen Junior
peptamen junior fiber
Fiber
Peptamen Junior
peptamen junior prebio
PreBio
Peptamen PreBio peptamen prebio
Perforomist formoterol fumarate
PERJETA pertuzumab
Pertzye capsule amylase/lipase/pancrelipase/protease
Pfizerpen penicillin G potassium
Phoslyra calcium acetate
Phospholine Iodide
echothiophate iodide
for Ophthalmic

26 PUNCTUATION/CAPITALISATION FOR DOCTORS BAHAA HAKAM 01011345563

Solution
Photofrin injection porfimer sodium injection
Picato Gel ingenol mebutate
Pifeltro doravirine
Plegridy Injection peginterferon beta1a
Pneumovax 23 pneumococcal vaccine polyvalent
Pomalyst capsule pomalidomide
Portrazza necitumumab
Potaba tablets potassium p-aminobenzoate
Pradaxa Capsules dabigatran etexilate
Praluent alirocumab
Pred Forte
Ophthalmic prednisolone acetate
Suspension 1.0%
Pregestimil Powder infant formula
Premarin conjugated estrogens
Premarin vaginal
conjugated estrogens
cream
Premphase conjugated estrogens/medroxyprogesterone acetate tablets
Prempro conjugated estrogens; medroxyprogesterone acetate
Prenate AM tablets Prenatal Vitamin
Prenate Chewable Prenatal Vitamin
Prenate DHA tablets Prenatal Vitamin
Prenate Elite tablets Prenatal Vitamin
Prenate Enhance vitamin/mineral supplement
Prenate Essential Prenatal Vitamin DHA
Prenate Restore vitamin/mineral supplement
Prenate Star multivitamin/mineral
Prevacid SoluTab lansoprazole
pneumococcal 13-valent conjugate vaccine [Diphtheria
Prevnar 13
CRM197 Protein]
Prezcobix Tablets darunavir/cobicistat
Prezista darunavir
Prialt ziconotide infusion
Priftin rifapentine tablets
Primaxin injection impenem-cilastatin
Primlev Oxycodone HCI/Acetaminophen
Pristiq desvenlafaxine
Privigen vial 10% immune globulin intravenous (human)
ProAir Hfa inhaler albuterol hfa
Proair Respiclick albuterol sulfate
Probuphine buprenorphine

27 PUNCTUATION/CAPITALISATION FOR DOCTORS BAHAA HAKAM 01011345563

Procanbid procainamide HCI extended-release tablets
Procardia nifedipine
Procardia XL nifedipine extended release
Procrit epoetin alfa
Proctocort 1%
hydrocortisone cream USP, 1%
cream
Proctocort
hydrocortisone acetate rectal suppositories, 30 mg
suppositories
Procysbi cysteamine bitartrate delayed-release capsule
Prodigy Insulin
Insulin Syringes
Syringes
Prodigy No Coding
Blood Glucose blood glucose strips
Strips
Prodigy Preferred
Blood Glucose blood glucose monitor
Monitor
Prodigy Twist Top
lancets
Lancets 28G
Proglycem oral
diazoxide
suspension
Prograf tacrolimus capsule
Prolastin C alpha1-proteinase inhibitor (human)
Prolensa bromfenac sodium solution
Prolia denosumab
Promacta eltrombopag
Protonix pantoprazole sodium
Provenge sipuleucel-t
Proventil HFA
albuterol
Inhaler
Provera medroxyprogesterone acetate
Prozac fluoxetine HCL
Prozac Weekly fluoxetine HCL
Pulmicort Flexhaler budesonide inhalation powder
Pulmozyme dornase alfa recombinant inhalation solution
PurAmino Powder infant formula
PuraPly AM Wound
wound matrix
Dressing
PuraPly Wound
wound matrix
Dressing
bismuth subcitrate potassuim, metronidazole, tetracycline
Pylera Capsules
HCI
QNASL Nasal beclomethasone dipropionate

28 PUNCTUATION/CAPITALISATION FOR DOCTORS BAHAA HAKAM 01011345563

Aerosol
Qtern dapagliflozin and saxagliptin
Quibron theophylline;guaifenesin
Quibron T theophylline
Quibron T/SR theophylline
Qutenza Patch capsaicin
Qvar beclomethasone dipropionate hfa
R-Gene 10 Injection 10% arginine hydrochloride, USP
Rabavert rabies vaccine
Ranexa ranolazine extended-release tablets
Rapaflo silodosin
Rapamune sirolimus
Ravicti Liquid glycerol phenylbutyrate
Rayaldee calcifediol
Rayos Tablet,
prednisone
Extended Release
Rebif subcutaneous interferon beta-1a
Rebinyn coagulation factor IX (recombinant) glycopegylated
Reclast zolendronic acid
Recombinate rAHF recominant
Recombivax Hb Hepatitis B vaccine (recombinant)
Rectiv ointment nitroglycerin
Relenza zanamivir for inhalation
Relistor injection methylnaltrexone bromide
Relistor tablets methylnaltrexone bromide
Relizorb immobilized lipase cartridge
Relpax eletriptan HBr
Remicade infliximab
Remodulin injection treprostinil
Renflexis infliximab-ABDA
Renova tretinoin cream
Repatha evolocumab
Requip XL ropinirole extended-release tablets
Rescriptor delavirdine mesylate
Restasis cyclosporine
Retin-A Cream tretinoin
Retin-A Gel tretinoin
Retin-A Micro tretinoin
Retisert fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant
Retrovir capsules zidovudine
Retrovir syrup zidovudine

29 PUNCTUATION/CAPITALISATION FOR DOCTORS BAHAA HAKAM 01011345563

Retrovir tablets zidovudine
Revatio sildenafil citrate tablet
Revlimid lenalidomide
Rexulti tablet brexpiprazole tablet
Reyataz atazanavir sulfate
Rhofade 1% oxymetazoline hydrochloride
Rhophylac Injection (Rho(D) immune globulin)
RiaSTAP fibrinogen concentrate (human)
Ridaura auranofin
Risperdal Consta risperidone
Rituxan rituximab
Rituxan Hycela rituximab/hyaluronidase human
Rixubis coagulation factor IX (recombinant)
Roxicodone Tablet oxycodone
Rozerem ramelteon
Rubraca rucaparib
Rydapt midostaurin capsule
Rytary Capsule;
carbidopa/levodopa
Extended Release
Rythmol SR propafenone hydrochloride
Sabril Powder for
Oral Solution vigabatrin
500mg
Sabril Tablet 500mg vigabatrin
Safyral drospirenone/ethinyl estradiol/levomefolate calcium
Saizen somatropin
Samsca Tablets
tolvaptan
15mg, 30mg
Sancuso Granisetron Transdermal System
Sandimmune cyclosporine
Sandostatin LAR
octreotide acetate
Depot
Saphris sublingual
asenapine maleate
tablets
Savaysa tablet edoxaban tablet
Savella milnacipran HCl tablets
Savella Titration
milnaciprab
Pak
Sculptra poly-L-lactic acid
Seebri neohaler glycopyrrolate
Selzentry maraviroc
Sensipar cinacalcet HCl

30 PUNCTUATION/CAPITALISATION FOR DOCTORS BAHAA HAKAM 01011345563

Serevent Diskus
salmeterol xinafoate
(Inhalation Powder)
Serostim somatropin
Signifor Injection Pasireotide
Signifor LAR
pasireotide
Injection
Siliq brodalumab
Silsoft Contact
Silsoft Contact Lenses
Lenses
Simbrinza brinzolamide/brimonidine tartrate suspension
Simponi golimumab
Simponi ARIA
golimumab
Injection
Singulair 4mg Oral
montelukast sodium
Granules
Sirturo Tablets bedaquiline
Sivextro Tablet tedixolid phosphate
Skelaxin metaxalone
Skyla levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system
Soliqua insulin glargine
Soliris eculizumab
Solodyn minocycline HCI
Solosec secnidazole
Somatuline Depot
lanreotide acetate
Injection
Somavert pegvisomant
Sonata zaleplon
Soolantra cream ivermectin cream
Soriatane Capsules acitretin
Sotylize Oral
sotalol
Solution
Sovaldi Tablet sofosbuvir
Spiriva HandiHaler tiotropium bromide inhalation powder
Spiriva Respimat
tiotropium bromide
Spray
Sporanox Casules itraconazole
Sporanox Oral
itraconazole
Solution
Spravato Nasal
esketamine
Spray CIII
Sprycel dasatinib
Stelara ustekinumab
Stimate desmopressin acetate

31 PUNCTUATION/CAPITALISATION FOR DOCTORS BAHAA HAKAM 01011345563

Stiolto Respimat tiotropium bromide and olodaterol
Stivarga regorafenib
Strattera atomoxetine hcl
Strensiq injection asfotase alfa injection
elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil
Stribild tablet
fumarate
Striverdi Respimat
olodaterol
Spray
Stromectol Ivermectin
Sublocade buprenorphine
Sublocade film;
buprenorphine and naloxone film; sublingual
sublingual
Suboxone
buprenorphine and naloxone
Sublingual Film
Subsys spray fentanyl spray
Sucraid Oral
sacrosidase
Solution
Supprelin LA histrelin acetate; subcutaneous implant
Sustiva efavirenz
Sutent sunitinib malate
Sylatron peginterferon alfa-2b
Symbicort budesonide/formoterol fumarate dihydrate
Symbyax olanzapine and fluoxetine hcl
SymlinPen pramlintide acetate
Symmetrel amantadine
darunavir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir
Symtuza
alafenamide
Synagis palivizumab
Synarel nafarelin acetate
Synjardy empagliflozin/metformin hydrochloride
Synribo omacetaxine mepesuccinate
Synthroid Tablets levothyroxine sodium tablets, USP
Synvisc hyaluronic acid derivatives
Synvisc-One
hylan G-F 20
Injection
Syprine capsules trientine hcl
Taclonex Topical
calcipotriene/betamethasone/dipropionate
Suspension
Tafinlar dabrafenib
Tagrisso osimertinib
Taltz ixekizumab
Talzenna talazoparib

32 PUNCTUATION/CAPITALISATION FOR DOCTORS BAHAA HAKAM 01011345563

Tarceva erlotinib
Targretin bexarotene
Targretin Gel 1% bexarotene
Tasigna nilotinib
Tasmar tablets talcapone
Tavalisse fostamatinib disodium hexahydrate
Tecentriq atezolizumab
Tecfidera Capsule;
dimethyl fumarate
Delayed Release
Teflaro ceftaroline
Tegretol carbamazepine
Tegretol XR carbamazepine extended release
Temodar temozolomide
Tenivac tetanus and diptheria toxoids absorbed
Tessalon Capsule benzonatate
Tetrix Cream tetrix
Thalitone chlorthalidone tablets, USP
Thalomid thalidomide
Thiola tiopromin tablet
Thyrogen injection thyrotropin alfa
Tikosyn dofetilide
Tilade nedocromil sodium
Timoptic in
timolol maleate opthalmic solution (.5%,.25%)
Occudose
Tirosint Capsules levothyroxine
Tivicay tablet dolutegravir
TNKase tenecteplase
Tofranil (tablets) imipramine
Tolerex tolerex
Torisel temsirolimus
Toujeo insulin glargine (rDNA origin) injection
Toviaz fesoterodine fumarate
Tracleer tablets bosentan
Tradjenta linagliptin
Tranxene clorazepate dipotassium
Travatan Z travoprost solution
Treanda bendamustine hcl
Trecator Tablets ethionamide
Trelegy Ellipta fluticasone furoate, umeclidinium
Trelstar triptorelin pamoate for injectable suspension
Tremfya guselkumab

33 PUNCTUATION/CAPITALISATION FOR DOCTORS BAHAA HAKAM 01011345563

Tresiba insulin degludec injection
Tretten Injection coagulation factor Xlll A-Subunit (rDNA)
Triesence triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension
Trileptal oxcarbazepine
Trintellix vortioxetine
Trisenox arsenic trioxide
Triumeq abacavir/dolutegravir/lamivudine
Trizivir (Tablets) abacavir sulfate, lamivudine, and zidovudine)
Trokendi XR
topiramate
Capsule
Trulicity dulaglutide
Trumenba Meningococcal Group B Vaccine
Trusopt dorzolamide HCL
Truvada tenofovir disoproxil / emtricitabine
Tudorza Pressair aclidinium bromide inhalation powder
combined hepatitis A (inactivated virus) and hepatitis B
Twinrix
vaccine
Tybost cobicistat
Tygacil tigecycline
Tykerb lapatinib tablets
Tymlos abaloparatide
Tysabri Vial natalizumab
Tyvaso inhalation
treprostinil
solution
Uceris rectal foam budesonide
Uloric febuxostat
Uptravi selexipag
Methenamine, Sodium Phosphate Monobasic, Phenyl
Uribel Capsules
Salicylate, Methylene Blue, Hyoscyamine Sulfate
Urocit-K potassium citrate
Utibron neohaler indacaterol/glycopyrrolate
V-Go Disposable
insulin delivery device
Insulin Delivery
Valcyte valganciclovir
Vaqta Hepatitis A vaccine, inactivated
Varivax Varicella Virus vaccine live
Varubi tablet rolapitant tablet
Vascepa icosapent ethyl
Vectibix panitumumab
Velcade bortezomib
Veletri Injection epoprostenol
Velphoro Chewable sucroferric oxyhydroxide

34 PUNCTUATION/CAPITALISATION FOR DOCTORS BAHAA HAKAM 01011345563

Tablets
Veltassa patiromer
Vemlidy tenofovir alafenamide
Venclexta venetoclax
Venofer iron sucrose
Ventavis iloprost
Ventolin HFA albuterol sulfate HFA inhalation aerosol
Verzenio abemaciclib
VESIcare solifenacin succinate
Vfend voriconazole
Viagra sildenefil citrate
Vibativ Vial 750mg telavancin
Viberzi eluxadoline
Victoza injection liraglutide (rDNA) injection
Vidaza azacitidine
Vigamox moxifloxacin hydrochloride solution
Viibryd tablets vilazodone
Vimovo naproxen and esomeprazole magnesium
Vimpat tablets lacosamide
Viokace tablets pancrelipase
Viracept nelfinavir mesylate
Viramune XR nevirapine
Viread tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
Viroptic trifluridine ophthalmic solution
Vistaril hydroxyzine pamoate
Visudyne verteporfin for injection
Vivitrol naltrexone for extended-release injectable suspension
Vivonex Pediatric vivonex pediatric
Vivonex Plus vivonex plus
Vivonex RTF vivonex RTF
Vivonex T.E.N. vivonex T.E.N.
Vivotif capsule typhoid vaccine live oral Ty21a capsule
Vizimpro dacomitinib
Vosevi sofosbuvir, velpatasvir, and voxilaprevir
Votrient pazopanib
VPRIV Injection velaglucerase alfa
Vraylar cariprazine
Vytorin ezetimibe/simvastatin
Vyvanse lisdexamfetamine dimesylate capsules
Vyxeos daunorubicin/cytarabine
Vyzulta latanoprostene bunod ophthalmic solution

35 PUNCTUATION/CAPITALISATION FOR DOCTORS BAHAA HAKAM 01011345563

Welchol colesevelam HCI
von willebrand factor/coagulation factor Vlll complex
Wilate
(human) liquid
Xalatan latanoprost solution
Xalkori crizotinib
Xanax alprazolam
Xarelto rivaroxaban tablets
Xeljanz tablet tofacitinib citrate
XEN Sterile Injector XEN sterile injector
Xenazine Tablets tetrabenazine
Xeomin Injection incobotulinumtoxinA
Xermelo telotristat ethyl
XGEVA denosumab
Xiaflex Injection collagenase clostridium histolyticum
Xifaxan rifaximin
Xigduo XR dapagliflozin/metformin
Xiidra lifitegrast ophthalmic solution)
Xofigo injection radium Ra 223 dichloride
Xolair omalizumab
Xospata gilteritinib
Xtandi enzalutamide
Xyrem gammahydroxybutyrate
Yasmin drospirenone/ethinyl estradiol tablets
Yaz drospirenone & ethinyl estradiol
Yervoy ipilimumab
Yondelis trabectedin
Zaltrap ziv-afilibercep
Zarontin ethosuximide
Zarxio filgrastim-sndz
Zavesca capsule miglustat
Zejula niraparib
Zelapar selegiline HCI
Zelboraf vemurafenib
Zemaira Alpha1-Proteinase Inhibitor (Human)
Zenpep capsules pancrelipase
Zepatier elbasvir/grazoprevir
Zerbaxa Injection ceftolozane/tazobactam
Zetia ezetimibe
Zevalin ibritumomab tiuxetan
Ziagen oral solution abacavir sulfate
Ziagen tablets abacavir sulfate

36 PUNCTUATION/CAPITALISATION FOR DOCTORS BAHAA HAKAM 01011345563

Zinecard dextrazoxane
Zinplava bezlotoxumab
Zirgan ganciclovir ophthalmic gel
Zithromax azithromycin
Zmax azithromycin extended release
Zolinza vorinostat
Zoloft sertraline HCI
Zomacton somatropin (rDNA origin) injection
Zometa zoledronic acid
Zomig (nasal spray) zolmitriptan
Zomig (tablets) zolmitriptan
Zomig orally
disintegrated tablets zolmitriptan
ZMT
Zortress everolimus
Zostavax Zoster vaccine live
Zubsolv Tablet;
buprenorphine/naloxone
Sublingual
Zurampic tablets lesinurad
Zyclara imiquimod
Zydelig Tablet idelalisib
Zykadia ceritinib
Zylet loteprednol etabonate and tobramycin ophthalmic suspension
Zyprexa olanzapine
Zyprexa Relprevv olanzapine
Zyprexa Zydis olanzapine
Zytiga tablets abiraterone acetate
Zyvox linezolid

37 PUNCTUATION/CAPITALISATION FOR DOCTORS BAHAA HAKAM 01011345563

Diseases and conditions that do not require capitalization

Cardiology
Arrhythmias
Deep venous thrombosis
Heart failure
Hypertension
Inflammatory/infectious disease
Endocarditis
Myocarditis
Pericardial disease

Ischemic disease
Peripheral vascular disease
Shock
Syncope
Valvular disease

Pulmonology
Acute/chronic respiratory failure
Assisted ventilation
Asthma
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Interstitial lung disease
Neoplasms/Malignancies
Pleural disease
Pneumonia
Pneumothorax
Pulmonary embolism
Tuberculosis

Gastroenterology
Upper gastrointestinal disorders
Bleeding
Gastroparesis
Lower gastrointestinal disorders
Bleeding
Constipation
Diverticulosis
Inflammatory bowel disease
Infections
Ischemia
Obstruction
Hepatobiliary disorders
Gallbladder disease
Liver disease
Pancreatitis

38 PUNCTUATION/CAPITALISATION FOR DOCTORS BAHAA HAKAM 01011345563

Malnutrition
Neoplasms/Malignancies

Endocrinology
Adrenal gland disease
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma
Hypoglycemia/hyperglycemia
Neoplasms/Malignancies
Thyroid/parathyroid gland disease

Nephrology/Urology
Acid-base disorders
Acute kidney injury
Chronic kidney disease/End-stage renal disease
Electrolyte disorders
Diabetes insipidus
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)
Neoplasms/Malignancies
Nephrolithiasis
Urinary tract infections

Hematology/Oncology
Anemias
Bone marrow disorders
Coagulopathies
Hematologic malignancies
Hematologic/oncologic emergencies
Neutropenic fever
Solid organ tumors

Infectious Diseases
Fungal infections
HIV/AIDS
Hospital-acquired infections
Infection in immunocompromised host
Sepsis syndrome
Skin and soft-tissue infections
Travel-related illnesses
Viral infections

Allergy/Immunology
/RheumatologyAnaphylaxis
Autoimmune disorders
Drug reactions
Inflammatory/infectious arthropathy
Organ transplantations
Sarcoidosis

39 PUNCTUATION/CAPITALISATION FOR DOCTORS BAHAA HAKAM 01011345563

 Neurology
Delirium/dementia
Encephalopathy
Meningitis/Encephalitis
Myopathy
Neoplasm/Malignancies
Paraplegia/Quadriplegia
Peripheral neuropathy
Seizure disorders
Stroke
Ischemic
Hemorrhagic

Psychiatry
Mood disorders
Psychosis
Substance use disorders
Suicide/Overdose

40 PUNCTUATION/CAPITALISATION FOR DOCTORS BAHAA HAKAM 01011345563

 EPONYMS (Diseases with named after a person)
WRITE IN CAPITAL LETTERS

Addison's Disease primary adrenocortical deficiency

Addisonian Anemia pernicious anemia

Aide?s tonic pupil LARGE pupil. rare, always benign. Fails to constrict to both
accommodation & light. After a prolonged attempt it
eventually constricts but sluggishly. Pupil redilates slowly
(tonic).

Albright's Syndrome pseudohypoparathyroidism

Resistance to PTH. Hypocalemia & hyperphosphatemia

+ increased PTH (negative feedback).

Manifestations in the genetic type (Ia): Subcutaneous

ossifications, brachydactyly, obesity, round facies, and
short stature.
Alport's Syndrome X-linked hereditary nephritis with nerve deafness

hematuria, family history of males progressing to end

stage renal disease. Details
Alzheimer's progressive dementia. Details

Argyll-Robertson Pupil small pupil. Loss of light reflex. Mnemonic

Arnold-Chiari Malformation herniation of the cerebellar tonsils

Barrett's esophagus columnar metaplasia of the esophagus due to chronic reflux

esophagitis (precancerous)

Bartter's Syndrome hyperreninemia

Becker's Muscular Dystrophy more benign than Duchenne muscular dystrophy

(pseudohypertrophy), appears in the 20s and 30s, no
skeletal or heart abnormalities (deficiency in dystrophin
protein)

Bell's Palsy (Facial palsy)

Inflammatory swelling of the facial nerve in the facial

canal of the middle ear, leading in severe cases to an

41 PUNCTUATION/CAPITALISATION FOR DOCTORS BAHAA HAKAM 01011345563

 acute compression neuropathy. Details
Berger's Disease IgA nephropathy. Details

Berry Aneurysm aneurysm of the circle of Willis (common cause of

subarachnoid hemorrhage)

Broca's Aphasia Motor Aphasia

Brown-Sequard hemisection of spinal cord

contralateral loss of pain & temperature

ipsilateral LMN lesion & loss of sensation at the level

of the lesion.

ispilateral hemiplegia, deep sensory loss below the

level of the lesion.
Bruton's Disease X-linked agammaglobinemia

Budd-Chiari thrombosis of the hepatic veins. Details

Buerger's Disease acute inflammation of small, arteries & veins with

perivascular fibrosis which blends artery, vein & nerve into
one mass. Occurs in smokers 95% are males.

painful ischemia progressing to gangrene.

Burkitt's Lymphoma High grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Common in children,
rare in adults. Endemic in Africa.

Caisson Disease Gas emboli due rapid decompression (diving).

Chagas' Disease (American Trypansomiasis) infection with protozoan

parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Leads to heart affection
progressing to heart failure, achlasia and megacolon. Details

Conn's Syndrome primary hyperaldosteronism. Details

Creutzfeldt-Jakob prion disease (Mad Cow disease in cows) is a slow virus

infection of the CNS leading to cerebral degeneration
(progressive dementia). Details

Crigler-Najjar Syndrome Congenital neonatal jaundice

Type I (Autosomal recessive - no glocuronyl

42 PUNCTUATION/CAPITALISATION FOR DOCTORS BAHAA HAKAM 01011345563

 transferase - leads to kernicterus)

Type II (Autosomal dominant - diminished glocuronyl

transferase).

Unconjugated. Details
Crohn's disease Inflammatory bowel disease:

Deep with lymphocytic infiltrate

Skip lesions hence cobble stone appearance

Most commonly found in the terminal ileum. Can affect

any area from mouth to anus. Details
Curling's Ulcer Stress gastritis - associated with major trauma, burns,
sepsis, shock.

Cushing's Syndrome Hypercorticism. Details

Cushing's Ulcer acute gastritis associated with intracranial lesions

de Quervain's Thyroiditis Subacute viral thyroiditis. Transient hyperthyroidism -->

hypothyroidism --> normal.

Exquisitely tender and woody hard and moderately

enlarged. Details
DiGeorge's Syndrome dysmorphogenesis of the third and fourth pharyngeal
pouches, leading to hypoplasia or aplasia of the thymus and
parathyroid glands --> T-cell deficiency &
hypoparathyroidism

Down's Syndrome Trisomy 21

Dressler's Syndrome Autoimmune pericarditis following myocardial infarction.

Rare.

Dubin-Johnson Syndrome congenital hyperbilirubinemia

Autosomal recessive appears at any age. Defect in

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
bilirubin excretion (conjugated). Liver biopsy shows
melanin deposition.
(pseudohypertrophy), appears early, skeletal or heart
abnormalities are common (deficiency in dystrophin
protein).

43 PUNCTUATION/CAPITALISATION FOR DOCTORS BAHAA HAKAM 01011345563

Edwards' Syndrome Trisomy 18

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome defective collagen. Details

Eisenmenger's Complex reversing of left to right shunt in patients with ASD, VSD,
patent ductus arteriosus resulting in cyanosis. Details

Erb-Duchenne Palsy trauma to superior trunk of brachial plexus Waiter's Tip

Ewing Sarcoma undifferentiated round cell tumor of bone.

Eyrthroplasia of Queyrat carcinoma in situ on glans penis

Fabry's Disease Rare, inherited disease in which lack of alpha-galactosidase

causes lipid deposition in the organs leading to organ
failure.

Fanconi's Syndrome impaired proximal tubular reabsorption 2? to lead

poisoning or Tetracycline (glycosuria, hyperphosphaturia,
aminoaciduria, systemic acidosis)

Felty's Syndrome rheumatoid arthritis, neutropenia, splenomegaly

Gardner's Syndrome adenomatous polyps of colon plus osteomas & soft tissue
tumors

Gaucher's Disease Lysosomal Storage Disease glucocerebrosidase deficiency

hepatosplenomegaly, femoral head & long bone

erosion, anemia
Gilbert's Syndrome congenital hyperbilirubinemia

defect in glocuronidation & hepatic uptake of bilirubin.

Bilirubin increases by fasting & phenobarbitone
(unconjugated).

Appears in young adults, prognosis is excellent.

Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia defective glycoproteins on platelets

Goodpasture's autoimmune: ab's to glomerular & alveolar basement

membranes

Grave's Disease autoimmune hyperthyroidism (TSI). Details

44 PUNCTUATION/CAPITALISATION FOR DOCTORS BAHAA HAKAM 01011345563

Guillain-Barre idiopathic polyneuritis (ascending muscle weakness &
paralysis; usually self-limiting). Details

Hamman-Rich Syndrome idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Hand-Schuller-Christian chronic progressive histiocytosis

Hashimoto's Thyroiditis autoimmune hypothyroidism. Details

Hashitoxicosis initial hyperthyroidism in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis that

precedes hypothyroidism. Details

Henoch-Schonlein purpura hypersensivity vasculitis

hemmorhagic urticaria (with fever, arthralgias, GI &

renal involvement)

associated with upper respiratory infections

Hirschprung's Disease aganglionic megacolon

Horner's Syndrome ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis (lesion of cervical sympathetic

nerves often 2? to a Pancoast tumor)

Huntington's progressive degeneration of caudate nucleus, putamen &

frontal cortex; AD

Jacksonian Seizures epileptic events originating in the primary motor cortex

(area 4)

Job's Syndrome immune deficiency: neutrophils fail to respond to

chemotactic stimuli

Kaposi Sarcoma malignant vascular tumor (HHV8 in homosexual men)

Kartagener's Syndrome Autosomal Recessive. Defect in dynein arms leading to

immotile cilia this in turn leads to sterility and is associated
with situs inversus

Kawasaki Disease mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (lips, oral mucosa)

Klinefelter's Syndrome 47, XXY

Kluver-Bucy bilateral lesions of amygdala (hypersexuality; oral behavior)

45 PUNCTUATION/CAPITALISATION FOR DOCTORS BAHAA HAKAM 01011345563

Krukenberg Tumor adenocarcinoma with signet-ring cells (typically originating
from the stomach) metastases to the ovaries

Laennec's Cirrhosis alcoholic cirrhosis

Lesch-Nyhan HGPRT deficiency

gout, retardation, self-mutilation

Letterer-Siwe acute disseminated Langerhans' cell histiocytosis

Levine sign Clenched fist over the sternum is a telling feature of cardiac
pain.

Libman-Sacks endocarditis with small vegetations on valve leaflets

associated with SLE

Li-Fraumeni syndrome Autosomal dominant cancer predisposition syndrome, with
multiple cancers in an individual and their family. Details

Lou Gehrig's Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis degeneration of upper &

lower motor neurons. Details

Mallory-Weis Syndrome bleeding from esophagogastric lacerations 2? to wretching

(alcoholics)

Marcus-Gunn Pupil (Afferent pupillary defect) here repeated swinging of light

from one eye to the other shows constriction of both eyes
and dilatation of the affected eye.

Marfan's connective tissue defect

McArdle's Disease glycogen storage disease (muscle phosphorylase deficiency)

Meckel's Diverticulum rule of 2's: 2 inches long, 2 feet from the ileocecum, in 2%
of the population

embryonic duct origin; may contain ectopic tissue

(gastric, pancreatic, etc.)
Meig's Syndrome Triad: ovarian fibroma, ascites, hydrothorax

Menetrier's Disease giant hypertrophic gastritis (enlarged rugae; plasma protein

loss)

46 PUNCTUATION/CAPITALISATION FOR DOCTORS BAHAA HAKAM 01011345563

Monckeberg's Arteriosclerosis calcification of the media (usually radial & ulnar aa.)

Munchausen Syndrome factitious disorder (consciously creates symptoms, but

doesn't know why)

Nelson's Syndrome 1? Adrenal Cushings ----> surgical removal of adrenals ---->

loss of negative feedback to pituitary ? Pituitary Adenoma

Niemann-Pick Lysosomal Storage Disease sphingomyelinase deficiency

"foamy histiocytes"
Osler-Weber-Rendu Syndrome Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia

Paget's Disease abnormal bone architecture (thickened, numerous fractures

----> pain)

Pancoast Tumor bronchogenic tumor with superior sulcus involvement ---->

Horner's Syndrome

Parinaud's syndrome preauricular lymph node enlargement on the same side as

conjunctivitis.

Parkinson's dopamine depletion in nigrostriatal tracts

Peutz-Jegher's Syndrome melanin pigmentation of lips, mouth, hand, genitalia plus

hamartomatous polyps of small intestine

Peyronie's Disease subcutaneous fibrosis of dorsum of penis

Pick's Disease progressive dementia similar to Alzheimer's

Plummer's Syndrome hyperthyroidism, nodular goiter, absence of eye signs

(Plummer's = Grave's - eye signs)

Plummer-Vinson esophageal webs & iron-deficiency anemia, - SCCA of

esophagus

Pompe's Disease glycogen storage disease ----> cardiomegaly

Pott's Disease tuberculous osteomyelitis of the vertebrae

Potter's Complex renal agenesis ----> oligohydramnios ----> hypoplastic lungs,

defects in extremities

47 PUNCTUATION/CAPITALISATION FOR DOCTORS BAHAA HAKAM 01011345563

Ramsay-Hunt's Syndrome Varicella Zoster infection of the geniculate ganglion. This
results in unilateral lower motor neuron lesions of the facial
nerve.

Raynaud's Disease: recurrent vasospasm in extremities

Phenomenon: 2? to underlying disease (SLE or

scleroderma)
Reiter's Syndrome urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis non-infectious (but often
follows infections), HLA-B27, polyarticular

Reye's Syndrome microvesicular fatty liver change & encephalopathy

2? to aspirin ingestion in children following viral illness

Riedel's Thyroiditis idiopathic fibrous replacement of thyroid

Rotor Syndrome congenital hyperbilirubinemia (conjugated)

similar to Dubin-Johnson, but no discoloration of the

liver
Schatzki's ring Lower esophageal ring at the junction between squamous
and columnar epithelium causing dysphagia to solids &
liquids every 3-4 months after a bolus of meat or bread.

Sezary Syndrome leukemic form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis

fungoides)

Shaver's Disease aluminum inhalation ----> lung fibrosis

Sheehan's Syndrome postpartum pituitary necrosis

Schilling's test used to diagnose pernicious anemia

Shy-Drager parkinsonism with autonomic dysfunction & orthostatic

hypotension

Simmond's Disease pituitary cachexia

Sipple's Syndrome MEN type IIa (pheochromocytoma, thyroid medulla,

parathyroid)

Sjogren's Syndrome triad: dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis - risk of B-cell lymphoma

48 PUNCTUATION/CAPITALISATION FOR DOCTORS BAHAA HAKAM 01011345563

Spitz Nevus juvenile melanoma (always benign)

Stein-Leventhal polycystic ovary

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome erythema multiforme, fever, malaise, mucosal ulceration

(often 2? to infection or sulfa drugs)

Still's Disease juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (absence of rheumatoid

factor)

Takayasu's arteritis aortic arch syndrome

loss of carotid, radial or ulnar pulses

Tay-Sachs gangliosidosis (hexosaminidase A deficiency ----> GM2
ganglioside)

Tetralogy of Fallot VSD, overriding aorta, pulmonary artery stenosis, right

ventricular hypertrophy

Tietze's syndrome self limiting costochondritis characterized by chest pain

associated with tenderness.

Tourette's Syndrome involuntary actions, both motor and vocal

Turcot's Syndrome adenomatous polyps of colon plus CNS tumors

Turner's Syndrome 45, XO

Vincent's Infection "trench mouth" - acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis

von Gierke's Disease glycogen storage disease (G6Pase deficiency)

von Hippel-Lindau hemangioma (or hemangioblastoma)

adenomas of the viscera, especially renal cell

carcinoma
von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis & caf?au lait spots

von Recklinghausen's Disease of osteitis fibrosa cystica ("brown tumor") 2? to

hyperparathyroidism
Bone

von Willebrand's Disease defect in platelet adhesion 2? to deficiency in vWF

49 PUNCTUATION/CAPITALISATION FOR DOCTORS BAHAA HAKAM 01011345563

Waldenstrom's macroglobinemia proliferation of IgM-producing lymphoid cells

Wallenberg's Syndrome Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA) thrombosis

"Medullary Syndrome"

Ipsilateral: ataxia, facial pain & temp; Contralateral:

body pain & temp
Waterhouse-Friderichsen catastrophic adrenal insufficiency 2? to hemorrhagic
necrosis (eg, DIC)

often 2? to meningiococcemia
Weber's Syndrome Paramedian Infarct of Midbrain

Ipsilateral: mydriasis; Contralateral: UMN paralysis

(lower face & body)
Wegener's Granulomatosis necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis of paranasal sinuses,
lungs, kidneys, etc.

Weil's Disease leptospirosis

Wermer's Syndrome MEN type I (thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal cortex, pancreatic

islets, pituitary)

Wernicke's Aphasia Sensory Aphasia impaired comprehension

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome thiamine deficiency in alcoholics; bilateral mamillary bodies

(confusion, ataxia, ophthalmoplegia)

Whipple's Disease malabsorption syndrome (with bacteria-laden

macrophages) & polyarthritis

Wilson's Disease hepatolenticular degeneration (copper accumulation &

decrease in ceruloplasmin)

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome immunodeficiency: combined B- &T-cell deficiency

(thrombocytopenia & eczema)

high iodine level (--)'s thyroid hormone synthesis

Wolff-Chaikoff Effect
esophageal; cricopharyngeal muscles above UES
Zenker's Diverticulum
gastrin-secreting tumor of pancreas (or intestine) ----> - acid ----> intractable ulcers
Zollinger-Ellison

50 PUNCTUATION/CAPITALISATION FOR DOCTORS BAHAA HAKAM 01011345563