This Study Resource Was: Worksheet D

SLE212 Biochemistry T1 2019 Assessment Worksheet D
Worksheet D
Carbohydrates
Name
Prac Partners
Prac date
Due date
1) Electronic Format
The worksheet must be produced entirely in an electronic fashion, however, we do not accept ePens! Hand-
written or hand-drawn components, be it as original or as scanned image, will not be accepted/not receive any
marks! Submit electronically as either a Word or PDF file via the designated CloudDeakin dropbox.
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2) Plagiarism and Collusion
Before submitting your worksheet to the dropbox submit it to the Check Your Work: Turnitin Assignment Folder
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available on CloudDeakin. In case that we find that work is the result of plagiarism (from foreign source like
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internet or fellow student) or collusion we report this to the Faculty Academic Progress and Discipline Committee.
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Note: It is NOT sufficient to submit your worksheet only to the Turnitin Folder! Your worksheet will be marked only
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if you submit it to the appropriate Dropbox!
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3) Due dates for worksheet submission:
Worksheet A is due 5.00 pm two teaching weeks after practical session 1, this is the day BEFORE your prac 2
Worksheet B is due 5.00 pm two teaching weeks after practical session 2, this is the day BEFORE your prac 3
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Worksheet C is due 5.00 pm two teaching weeks after practical session 4 (!), this is the day BEFORE your prac 5
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Worksheet D is due 5.00 pm ONE (!) teaching week after practical session 5 (!)
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4) Referencing
All foreign sources of information, i.e. information that was not provided in this unit, must be
cited. The citation style to be used is Harvard style, for more information about this style and referencing in
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general see: https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/studying/study-support/referencing. Citations will be

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considered only when they are placed as in-text citations such that it is clear which statement they do support.
Furthermore, bibliographic details of a citation must be listed within the question where they are used, reference
lists at the end of the worksheet will not be accepted! The citation needs to be a quality journal article, book or
refereed website. No marks are awarded if Wikipedia or poor-quality websites (eg. the website of a course at
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another institution) are cited.

The practical manual, the prac script, OLMs and lecture notes can NOT be cited! Citations of text
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books are often most appropriate for the level of this unit and therefore encouraged! If you do cite a
textbook you MUST indicate relevant page numbers!
5) Learning Outcomes:
Q1: Written communication. Presentation of experimental data.
Q2, 3, 4, 5, 6: Discipline specific knowledge and understanding.
Q7: Critical thinking & problem solving. Use of discipline specific knowledge and logic to develop an experimental
test and to predict the outcome.
DO NOT MAKE CHANGES TO THE WORKSHEET TEMPLATE,

DO NOT DELETE ANY TEXT FROM THE QUESTIONS
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1. Produce a figure of your Prac 5 thin layer chromatogram that could be published in a scientific
journal.
Below you find an example of what such a figure can look like. Scan the chromatogram or take a photo
using your mobile phone.
Indicate relevant information, e.g. samples applied, direction of chromatography, the spots, origins,
running front etc. Crop away unnecessary parts of your image. You can use e.g. Power-Point,
Photoshop or Illustrator or similar software for his task. Write a concise figure legend that allows the
reader to understand what they see. The overall presentation of the figure must be neat and tidy!
The colour of ALL labelling (lines, descriptions, arrows etc) of the figure MUST BE RED (you will
receive 0 marks for question 1 in case that you use a different colour). (2 marks)
Explanatory note: The teaching team strictly enforces the above indicated color requirements in order to ensure the
originality of 2019 worksheet submissions.
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Figure 1. Illustrates a chromatogram with six sugars: Glucose, Sucrose, fructose, Lactose
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galactose and maltose; as well as honey ripe banana, starch and an unknown compound
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Bothlikely
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figure and fructose
contain figure legend have to The
and lactose. be inserted in this
origin and space.
solvent Doare
front NOT use more in
highlighted space.
red.
The origin shows where the compounds where pipetted and the red circles highlight
Delete example images.
where the compounds moved to. The solvent front indicates where the solvent was
moved to.

2. For the calculations of the purity of glycogen the estimated molecular mass of glucose in glycogen
was less than that of glucose alone. i) what is the theoretical mass difference and ii) explain why
the mass difference occurs. Total must be less than 50 words. (1 marks)
i) The theoretical mass difference is n-1 (18)g given that the mass difference is the number of mol
of glucose -1 x M(H20) per mol.
ii) The mass difference occurs due to the α-1-4 glycosydic bonds between glucose and the
formation of one water molecule between each glucose molecule.
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3. Sugar molecules are forming energentically favourable ring structures.
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Provide the precise chemical name (anomer, isomer and ring form) of the circular stereoisomers that
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are formed by fructose. (1 mark)
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The precise chemical name of the circular stereoisomers formed by fructose is β-D-fructopyranose.
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4. Sugars are essential components of nucleotides and nucleic acids.

4a) Provide the precise chemical name (anomer, isomer and ring form) of the circular stereoisomers of
the sugar mojety that is found in dATP? (0.5 marks)
β-D-deoxyribofuranose is the only stereosoimer of ribose that is found in dATP. Although,

ribose itself has multiple other stereosoimers.
4b) Using the language of this unit explain how the chemistry of the sugar component of RNA impacts
on the stability of the molecule. Must be less than 50 words. (0.5 mark)
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The chemistry of the sugar component of RNA is affected by the hydroxyl group on C2 of
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ribose as it makes RNA more chemically unstable. It provides a chemically reactive group that
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takes part in RNA-mediated enzymatic events.
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Lodish H. et al. (2000). structure of nucleic acids. Molecular cell Biology. 4th edition. Section 4.1. Avaliable at:
www.ncbi.nim.nih.gov
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5a) Predict how cellobiose (ß-D-glucopyranosyl-1,4-ß-D-glucopyranose) would behave in the

reducing sugar spot test? (0.25 marks)
Indicate a strong signal with +++
an intermediate signal with ++
a weak signal with +
or no signal with -
A week signal +
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5b) Using the language used in the unit give an explanation for this prediction. In your explanation
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provide the name of the reacting chemical group/s at the beginning and end of the reaction and
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the kind of chemical reaction occurring. Total words must be less than 50. (0.75 marks)
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Cellobiose is a dissacharite and its equilibrium favours the ring structure of the
compound rather than its linear counterpart . This causes aldehyde from the ring
structure to react with the copper solution but not as efficiently given that aldehyde
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has a limited expusre in the ring.

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The aglycone of cellobiose is a heamiacetal meaning that its produced by the

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reaction of an alcohol and an aldehyde. Therefore the free aldehyde formed by the
ring opening is able to react with Benedict’s (copper citrate solution).
Cellobiose is oxidized by the copper ion in the solution to form a carboxylic acid and
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an orange precipitate of cuprous (CU+) salts which indicate the precense of reducing
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sugars.
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Sciencedirect.com. (2019). Cellobiose - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics. [online] Available at:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/cellobiose.
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6. Patients suffering from Diabetes have an increased concentration of blood sugar, which can
impact on the function of blood protein through covalent, non-enzymatic modification of the
protein. Total words must be less than 50 (1 mark)
i) Which chemical bonds are formed between blood sugar and blood protein components?
The chemical bond formed between blood sugar and blood pretein components is a covelant
bond. It is formed by the reactionof the carbonyl group of blood sugar and amino group of
blood protein components.
ii) Which chemical reaction results in formation of the bond?
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Bond formation results in a maillard reaction
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iii) Which amino acid residues would be involved in this type of reaction?
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The amino acids involved in the millard reaction would be lysine and arginine.
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iv) Identify a major blood protein that is modified by sugar.

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A major blood protein modified by sugar is Albumin.

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7. In 1516 the Duke Wilhelm IV of Bavaria introduced the german purity law for brewing beer. More
than 500 years later the law is still strictly enforced and it states that for brewing beer you must not use
any ingredients other than water, barley and hops. Barley is contributing starch that is broken down to
di- and monosaccharides during the fermentation process. Production of some cheap (and in Germany
illegal) beer, however, utilises sucrose as sugar. Using the indicated reagents, describe an experiment
with suitable controls that allows authorities to determine if a beer was produced using barley or
sucrose. Explain the carbohydrate chemistry behind the test to justify your answer. (1 mark)
In addition to general laboratory equipment the ONLY reagents available to you are:
- a beer sample
- the enzymes invertase and maltase
- the Somogyi-Nelson reagents for the determination of reducing sugars.
i) concisely describe the tests that you would use, must be less than 100 words (0.5
marks)
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1. Add the beer sample to two separate tubes.
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2. In tube A add maltose enzyme and in tube B sucrose enzyme.
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3. Let the enzymes incubate and react by incubating for 5 minutes in 37˚.
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4. To each tubes, add Copper Reagent and mix.
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5. Place the tubes in boiling water for 10 minutes
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6. Cool the tubes and then add arsenomolybdate
Somogyi-Nelson reagents.
7. Measure the absorbance at 520 nm by using a light spectrometer.
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ii) concisely describe the observations in case that the beer was made with barley, must
be less than 50 words (0.25 marks)
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If barley was used in tube A maltase will hydrolyze maltose into glucose. This will cause
the copper reaction to change to a strong orange colour and a reading using a light
spectrometer will be obtained. However, if barely was not use maltose won’t cause
glucose as a product and a blue colour will be observed and a different reading will be
obtained.

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SLE212 Biochemistry T1 2019 Assessment Worksheet D

general see: https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/studying/study-support/referencing. Citations will be

another institution) are cited.

DO NOT MAKE CHANGES TO THE WORKSHEET TEMPLATE,

DO NOT MAKE CHANGES TO THE WORKSHEET TEMPLATE,

DO NOT MAKE CHANGES TO THE WORKSHEET TEMPLATE,

4. Sugars are essential components of nucleotides and nucleic acids.

β-D-deoxyribofuranose is the only stereosoimer of ribose that is found in dATP. Although,

DO NOT MAKE CHANGES TO THE WORKSHEET TEMPLATE,

5a) Predict how cellobiose (ß-D-glucopyranosyl-1,4-ß-D-glucopyranose) would behave in the

has a limited expusre in the ring.

The aglycone of cellobiose is a heamiacetal meaning that its produced by the

Sciencedirect.com. (2019). Cellobiose - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics. [online] Available at:

DO NOT MAKE CHANGES TO THE WORKSHEET TEMPLATE,

ii) Which chemical reaction results in formation of the bond?

iv) Identify a major blood protein that is modified by sugar.

A major blood protein modified by sugar is Albumin.

DO NOT MAKE CHANGES TO THE WORKSHEET TEMPLATE,

DO NOT MAKE CHANGES TO THE WORKSHEET TEMPLATE,

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