Topic: Chapter 6; Colonialism: How the Global South Responsed

I. Introduction

Colonialism is a practice of domination, which involves the subjugation of

one people to another. One of the difficulties in defining colonialism is that it
is hard to distinguish it from imperialism. Frequently the two concepts are
treated as synonyms. Like colonialism, imperialism also involves political and
economic control over a dependent territory. The etymology of the two
terms, however, provides some clues about how they differ. The term colony
comes from the Latin word colonus, meaning farmer. This root reminds us
that the practice of colonialism usually involved the transfer of population to
a new territory, where the arrivals lived as permanent settlers while
maintaining political allegiance to their country of origin. Imperialism, on the
other hand, comes from the Latin term imperium, meaning to command.
Thus, the term imperialism draws attention to the way that one country
exercises power over another, whether through settlement, sovereignty, or
indirect mechanisms of control.

The legitimacy of colonialism has been a longstanding concern for political

and moral philosophers in the Western tradition. At least since the Crusades
and the conquest of the Americas, political theorists have struggled with the
difficulty of reconciling ideas about justice and natural law with the practice
of European sovereignty over non-Western peoples. In the nineteenth
century, the tension between liberal thought and colonial practice became
particularly acute, as dominion of Europe over the rest of the world reached
its zenith. Ironically, in the same period when most political philosophers
began to defend the principles of universalism and equality, the same
individuals still defended the legitimacy of colonialism and imperialism. One
way of reconciling those apparently opposed principles was the argument
known as the “civilizing mission,” which suggested that a temporary period
of political dependence or tutelage was necessary in order for “uncivilized”
societies to advance to the point where they were capable of sustaining
liberal institutions and self-government.

The goal of this entry is to analyze the relationship between Western political
theory and the project of colonialism. After providing a more thorough
discussion of the concept of colonialism, this entry will explain how European
thinkers justified, legitimized, and challenged political domination. The third
section focuses on liberalism and the fourth section briefly discusses the
Marxist tradition, including Marx’s own defense of British colonialism in India
and Lenin’s anti-imperialist writings. The fifth section provides an
introduction to contemporary “post-colonial theory.” This approach has been
particularly influential in literary studies because it draws attention to the
diverse ways that postcolonial subjectivities are constituted and resisted
through discursive practices. The final section will introduce an Indigenous
critique of settler-colonialism that emerges both as a response to colonial
practices of domination and dispossession of land, customs and traditional
history and to post-colonial theories of universalism. The goal of the entry is
to provide an overview of the vast and complex literature that explores the
theoretical issues emerging out of the experience of European colonization.

II. Content
This are the some of the Variations (in different degrees) Solidarity the
notion of solidarity among colonized states was present from the beginning
of anti-colonialism. Socialist Internationalism the socialist International the
union of socialist parties, which is now called the social democrats paved the
way for theries that examined the world economic system in the light of
exploitive interaction between cpre and peripheral economies. According to
Lenin, he mainstreamed that many activits amd scholars would use to discuss
the third World underdevelopment in the 20th century. Decolonization The
end of the Second World War was the highpoint of decolonization. The
creation of the United Nation in 1945 paved the way for granting
independemce of overb 80 ex-colonies countries (United Nations ,2021) The
Emergengence of the Third World Countries. it consisted of non-aligned
countries, charting a middle way between the first and second worlds. the
founding moment for this non-aligned movement was the Asia-African
conference held in the Bandung in Indonesia in 1955. The emergence of
Conservative Anti-Western Nationalism and Regionalism. Country like
Malaysia reveal how criticisms of neo-colonialism may turn reactionary
(Berger,2004) For Dirlik ,(2004) this hints at the fact that Third Worldism is
implicated in a greater project of global modernism Berger, 2004. The Asia-
Pacific Region in addition to differences in language and culture, the variation
among states and peoples in this region is enormous. Some of the world's
most economically developed states are included in this region suxh as
Japan, South Korea, Singapore and Taiwan. Why Global Powers are Focused
on Asia-Pacific and South the Asia-Pacific and South Asia had emerged over
the past decade as a new political force in the world. Japan still remains a
relevant through declining force in the region and the world and the other
countries including the korea, Indonesia , Vietnam and Pakistan all have
economic and strategic relevance in today's global system.

III. Synthesis

The Global South Responded has a different variation in different degrees.

First Solidarity unity or agreement of feeling or action, especially among
individuals with a common interest; mutual support within a group.in 19th
century a globalization that allowed for the spreading of anarchist and anti-
colonial ideas. 2nd Socialist Internationalism is a worldwide
organisation of political parties which seek to
establish democratic socialism. It consists mostly
of democratic socialist, social-democratic and
labour political parties and other organisations.
these alliances did not translate into revolutionary victories and Asian
versions of communism would only flourish after the disbandment of the
Comintern. 3rd Decolonization the action or process of a state withdrawing
from a former colony, leaving it independent the enshrinement of the
principles of self-determination, postcolonial nationalism could justify their
causes within the range of intermational law. The emergence of the Third
 World Countries Third world countries are all the other countries that did not
pick a side. This includes most of Africa, Asia and Latin America. As a society,
the term “third world country” refers to countries with high mortality rates,
especially infant mortality rates. They also have an unstable and inconsistent
economy.

III. References
Journals, Books, Internet

IV. Quiz:
1-4. Give the 4 World's most economically developed states.
Answer: Japan, South Korea , Singapore and Taiwan.
5-6. The _________ and _______ had emerged over the past decade as a nee
political force in the World.
A. Global North and Global South
B. Asia-Pacific and South Asia
C. None of the above.
Answer: B. Asia-Pacifi and South Asia

7. Activists and Scholars would use to discuss the Third World

underdevelopment in the __________.
A. 20th Century
B. 25th Century
C. 30th Century
Answer: A. 20th Century
8-10 Give atleast 3 variation of how the global south responded.
Answer: Solidarity, Socialist Internationalism, Decolonization, The
emergence of the Third World Countries, The emergence of conservation
Anti-Western Nationalism and Regionalism
 A. Upper Class
B. Middle Class
C. Lower Class
Answer: Upper Class

3. The middleclass nations such as Saudi Arabia,

Brazil and Taiwan are comparable to what strata?
A. Core
B. Semi-periphery
C. Periphery
Answer: Semi-Periphery

4. The lower-class nations including Haiti,

Bangladesh, and Ethiopia are resembling to what
strata?
A. Core
B. Semi-periphery
C. Periphery
Answer: Periphery

5. What nation strata that receive the

disproportionate share of the world's wealth and is
the surplus production?
A. Core
B. Semi-periphery
C. Periphery
Answer: Core

Enumeration
 1. Give at least 3 countries that includes
in Global South
*
*
*
Answer: India, Iraq, Haiti, Bangladesh, Ethiopia and
many more.
2. What are the 3 countries that geographically
located in the Global South but part of the Core
Strata?
*
*
*
Answer: Singapore, South Korea, Japan