This is a respiratory system diagram that is related affected of a patient condition which is bronchitis.

So
there are 2 part which is the upper respiratory tract include nose, pharynx larynx and trachea. The lower
respiratory tract include the bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli.

On the next slide, the function of respiratory system are

1. why does the body need a constant supply of oxygen? the reason is that we breathe because oxygen
is needed to burn the fuel such as sugars and fatty acids in our cells to produce.

2. How does the respiratory system get rid of carbon dioxide? Once in the lungs, oxygen is moved into
the bloodstream and carried through the body. At each cell in the body, the oxygen is exchanged for a
waste gas called carbon dioxide. The bloodstream then carries this waste gas back to the lungs where it
is removed from the bloodstream and then exhaled.

3. How gas exchange systems facilitate the exhange of gases between the environment and tge cells? As
a process of gas exchange takes place millions of alveoli in lungs and capillaries that envelope them. For
the inhaled oxygen moves from the alveoli to the blood in the capillaries, and the carbon dioxide moves
from the blood in the capillaries to the air in the alveoli.

4. The inhaled air normally go through nose, then travels down the pharynx and passes through larynx
and into the trachea with both bronchial tubes of the lungs.

5. The nasal passages have conchae that swirl the air around to allow the air to humidify, warm and be
cleaned before it enters the lungs.

Respiration:

1. Pulmonary ventilation has 2 major steps: the inspiration and expiration. The inspiration that air enter
the lungs. While the expiration is that air leave the lungs. Respiratory cycle is one sequence inspiration
and expiration.

2. Although a small amount of the oxygen is able to dissolve directly into plasma from the alveoli, most
of the oxygen is picked up by erythrocytes (red blood cells) and binds to hemoglobin.

3. As the oxygen rich blood reaches the capillaries gas exchange occurs, the oxygen is delivered to the
tissues and de-oxygenated blood leaves the tissues of the body and flows back to the heart where it is
pumped to the lungs via the pulmonary arteries.

Diagram:

As we can see in the diagram is there is trachea connected with bith left and right of the lungs. The
trachea is a part of upper respiratory tract which is the windpipe is allowed filtered air goes before
entering the lower respiratory tract.
As shown above diagram is the trachea have pseudo-stratified and ciliated epithelium cells that can help
it in the production of mucus. The cilia doesn't visible in the diagram but as we understand that the cilia
can protect the nasal passages and other sections of the respiratory tract by filtering out dust and
foreign particles entering the nose with air that breathed. And also the cilia can purify and clean the air
we breathed.

As we can see here in the photo that having bronchitis is a massive changes in the bronchi which is
thickening of muscle and narrowing the breathing tubes which is the airways and when the patient
having bronchitis may feel breathless because the lungs and muscles are working harder to move in and
out. And as we look that the airways is swelling that producing mucus and thats why patient with
bronchitis makes them cough.

Main Bronchi:

Those right and left bronchi are also known bronchial tubes at the bottom of the windpipe or trachea
that connect into each lung. They undergo further branching to produce the secondary bronchi. This
part of lower respiratory tract is the main passageway of air into the lungs.

As I example the foreign objects that has been breathed into the lungs often end up in the right
bronchus, as it is larger than the left. The secondary lobe that I mentioned is the secondary that natural
to branch off to form the tertiary bronchi, which are further divided into terminal bronchioles.

As the end of the Anatomy and Physiology of respiratory system, Those trachea and two bronchi
together referred as the bronchial tree. The tubes that make up the bronchial tree perform the same
function as trachea that they distribute air to the lungs.

Thank you for listening and we will be move to the next component of case study which is the overview
of the bronchitis presented by Ms. Alyssa Ronquillo.