IDEA ENGINEERING

STATISTICS

THE APPLICATION OF SIMPLE CORRELATION IN

PSYCHOLINGUISTICS

ARRANGED BY

NAME : NIA ADELIA

NIM : 2181121011

CLASS : ENGLISH EDUCATION 18 A

SUBJECT : STATISTICS

LECTURER : Prof. Dr. BERLIN SIBARANI, M.Pd

ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM

FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND ART

STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN

2021

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 PREFACE

Praise the author for the presence of Allah SWT because, with grace and affection, the
author can complete the task of idea engineering on time even though there are still many
shortcomings. And also the authors thank to Mr Prof. Dr. Berlin Sibarani, M.Pd. as a lecturer
in Statistics at Universitas Negeri Medan (UNIMED) who has given this assignment to the
author.

The author really hopes this task can be useful in order to add insight and our
knowledge about the contents of the idea engineering "The Application of Simple Correlation
in Psycholinguistics”. The author is also fully aware that in this assignment there are flaws
and are far from perfect.

If the report that has been prepared can be useful for ourselves and for those who read
it. Previously, the authors apologize if there are mistakes that are less pleasing and the
authors request constructive criticism and suggestions.

Medan, 20 April 2021

Author

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE..............................................................................................................................i

TABLE OF CONTENTS.......................................................................................................ii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION............................................................................................1

CHAPTER II ORIGINALITY OF IDEAS AND ITS SOCIAL CONTEXT

2.1 The Originality of Ideas.............................................................................................2

2.2 The Social Context.....................................................................................................2

CHAPTER III THE MEDIA NEEDED TO DO INNOVATION.........................................3

CHAPTER IV DERIVATIVE DATA

4.1 Opportunities for Materialization...............................................................................4

4.2 The Values of Innovation...........................................................................................4
4.3 Estimated Impact........................................................................................................4

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Conclusion...................................................................................................................5
5.2 Suggestion...................................................................................................................5

REFERENCE.........................................................................................................................6

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 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION
Simple correlation is a measure used to determine the strength and the direction of the
relationship between two variables, X and Y. A simple correlation coefficient can range from
–1 to 1. However, maximum (or minimum) values of some simple correlations cannot reach
unity (i.e., 1 or –1). Any studies use correlation analysis to explore the degree association
between study variables. Especially in social science research, linear correlation analysis is a
tool for representing the closeness of one related variable to another.. The purpose of carrying
out correlation analysis is almost the same in every study and mostly, a correlation analysis
becomes useful to explore the associative relationship between independent and dependent
variables. Psycholinguistics or psychology of language is the study of the interrelation between
linguistic factors and psychological aspects (Harely,2005,p.13). Several studies (e.g.,Rothstein et
al. 1994;Brown 2007) have investigated the effects of personality traits as individual
differences on academic achievement. In the field of language learning and teaching, many
language and non-language factors have recently been examined to explain the role of
individual differences in foreign language learning (e.g.,Long 1991;Brown 2007).Gardner
and Mac Intyre (1993) grouped individual differences into three clus-ters such as cognitive,
affective and miscellaneous variables. Among them, affective factors including motivation,
anxiety in addition to personality style have been deemed as the most likely (Oxford
1990;Horwitz and Young 1991). Nevertheless, it appears that other factors have been
ignored, among which are individual differences like autonomy. The notion of learner
autonomy indicates that learners are responsible for their own learning. Some researchers
found a close relationship between autonomy and efficient learning (e.g.,Little 1991;Dafei
2007). Holec(1981)defines autonomy as “the ability to take charge of one’s own learning” (p.
3). In accordance with educational purposes from statistics and simple correlation, it crossed
my mind how the implementation of statistics itself in the field of education, especially in
English Education aspects, such as Psycholinguistics. Where the Psycholinguistics is a
branch of linguistic.Related to the explanation above, the researcher will be focus on how the
application of statistics (simple correlation) in psycholinguistics especially in autonomy.

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 CHAPTER II

ORIGINALITY OF IDEAS AND ITS SOCIAL CONTEXT

2.1 The Originality Of Ideas

The idea presented in this paper is the application of simple correlation in the realm of
psycholinguistics. According to the author, this idea might be useful for improving
educational students' understanding of research with correlation design in different
areas. So far, almost all educational students carry out research with correlation design
only in educational areas such as learning methods, teaching techniques, teaching
strategies, and so on; with this idea, the author hopes that many educational students
will have more open insights about research with correlation design in different areas
such as psycholinguistics. Thus, there will be more and more research areas that can be
raised by educational students for research.

2.2 The Social Context

The ideas put forward by the author can be put into practice by educational students
using the Pearson Product Moment as a correlation design for the research raised. The
results of the research raised by the student in psychology will have an impact on future
studies. This research can be a very useful reference for future researchers. Such a
better understanding will also help language teachers to modify their classroom
management strategies. For example, classroom management strategy according to the
level of autonomy and student anxiety.

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 CHAPTER III
THE MEDIA NEEDED TO DO INNOVATION

The media needed to innovate on this idea engineering are:

a. The autonomy questionnaire media consisted of 40 items with five subscales as
learner independence (12 items), dependence on the teacher (9 items), learner
confidence (8 items), attitudes toward language learning (6 items), and self-
assessment (5 items). Participants with higher scores indicated higher levels of
autonomy. The theoretical range of this scale was from 40 to 200. Coefficient alphas
for these subscales were reported as 0.70, 0.79, 0.80, 0.89 and 0.90 respectively. The
reliability of the complete Autonomy scale was estimated as .80. The participants of
the present study were all third-graders (N=30) studying at high schools in Medan,
located in North Sumatra, including 15 males and 15 females. 
 
b. The Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) containing 20 items, each
of which was answered on a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from 5 (strongly agree) to 1
(strongly disagree) was utilized to measure the students’ levels of foreign language
anxiety. The theoretical range of this scale is from 20 to 100. Questions were intended
to study three sections such as; communication apprehension, test anxiety, and fear of
negative evaluation. Coefficient alpha for the three subscales of FLCAS involves
communication apprehension (11 items), test anxiety (15 items), and fear of negative
evaluation (7 items) were reported as 0.70, 0.79, 0.80, 0.89, and 0.90 respectively. 

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 CHAPTER IV

DERIVATIVE IDEA

4.1 Opportunities for materialization

The opportunity for the realization of this idea is very large, because this idea does not
require many devices, just the Autonomy Questionnaire and the Foreign Language
Classroom Anxiety Scale in this study in order to meditate on students' anxiety in
foreign language classes from this idea.

4.2 The values of innovation

The ideas put forward by this author have the following innovation values:
1. This examination can reduce students' anxiety in foreign language classes.
2. With this examination, students can be motivated to be enthusiastic in the foreign
language class.

4.3 Estimated impact

The possible impacts of the ideas put forward by the authors are the assumption that
studying and being in a foreign language class makes anxiety disappear from students'
perceptions.

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 CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Conclusion

The conclusion is simple correlation can be apply in psycholinguistics. The media

needed to innovate this area are the autonomy questionnaire media consisted of 40 items
with five subscales as learner independence (12 items), dependence on the teacher (9
items), learner confidence (8 items), attitudes toward language learning (6 items), and
self-assessment (5 items). Participants with higher scores indicated higher levels of
autonomy. And The Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) containing 20
items, each of which was answered on a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from 5 (strongly
agree) to 1 (strongly disagree) was utilized to measure the students’ levels of foreign
language anxiety. The theoretical range of this scale is from 20 to 100. This examination
can reduce students' anxiety in foreign language classes. And then with this examination,
students can be motivated to be enthusiastic in the foreign language class.

5.2 Suggestion

Hopefully, this idea engineering will be useful for all the readers and in addition the
idea engineering still need additional idea to support it. Everyone can apply simple
correlation in psycholinguistics well.

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REFERENCE

Farhad Ghorbandordinejad, Roghayyeh Moradian Ahmadabad. 2015. Examination of the

Relationship Between Autonomy and English Achievement as Mediated by Foreign
Language Classroom Anxiety. J Psycholinguist Res : 10.1007/s10936-015-9371-5.