1

0.8

0.6
Photon lifetime (ns)

0.4

0.2

-0.2

-0.4

-0.6

-0.8
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5
Cavity Langth L (cm)

1400
Threshold Current DensityJth(A/cm2)

1200 1 layer
3 layers
1000 5 layers
7 layers
800

600

400

200

-200
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Modal Gain at threshold(cm-1)

 3.5

InN based QDL

Reciprocal differential Quantum Effiency InAs based QDL
3

2.5

1.5

1
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5
Cavity Langth L (cm)

3.5

InN based QDL

Reciprocal differential Quantum Effiency

InAs based QDL

3

2.5

1.5

1
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5
Cavity Langth L (cm)
 22

20
Threshold current density, Jth (A/cm2)
18

16

14

12

10

4
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Cavity length, L (cm)

90

80
Threshold current density, Jth (A/cm2)

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
0 5 10 15 20 25
min
Normalised surface density of QDs, Ns/Ns
 90

80
Threshold current density, Jth (A/cm2)
70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1
RMS value of QD size fluctuations

1
fp
0.9
fn
0.8 (fp-fn)
Level occupancies in QDs(fn,fp)

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6
Applied voltage V (eV)
 1

0.9
fp
fn
Level occupancies in QDs (fn,fp)
0.8

(fp-fn)
0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10
Normalised applied voltage

200
hole
150
electron
100
Energy level (meV)

50

-50

-100

-150

-200

-250
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
Lens shaped dot base length (A)
 45
s.d =17 A
40 s.d = 12 A
s.d = 7 A
35
s.d = 4 A
30
Probability (a.u)

25

20

15

10

0
500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
Energy (meV)

500

450 (Jthocl/Jcapth) =0.033

(Jthocl/Jcapth) =0.115
400 (Jthocl/Jcapth) =0.523
Outpur power, p (mw)

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2
Injection Current density, J-Jth (kA/cm )
 150

modal gain (g)

internal loss
100
(g-internal loss)
Gain(g)and threshold loss (cm-1)

50

-50

-100

-150
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Confined carrier level occupancy, fn

30
Gain (g) and threshold loss (cm-1)

20

modal gain (g)

10
internal loss
(g-internal loss)
0

-10

-20

-30

-40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Free carrier density,n (cm-3)

17
x 10