Heep Yunn School

Mid-year Examination (2017 - 2018)

Form 4 Chemistry
Name:____________________
Class: F4__ Class No. ___

F.4A B C D E December, 2017

Time allowed: 90 minutes Total: 96 marks

Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (16 marks)

Instructions: Answers of Section A should be marked on the Multiple-choice Answer Sheet.
Candidates may refer to the Periodic Table printed on page 16 of Section B.

1. Hydrated salt X•nH2O contains 45.5% of water

by mass. Given that the molar mass of X is 4. Consider the following equation:
129.9 g mol–1, what is n? X2(g) + 3Y2(g)  2XY3(g)
A. 2
If 4 moles of X2(g) react with 6 moles of
B. 4
C. 6 Y2(g), what is the total number of moles of
D. 8 gas after the reaction?
A. 4
2. What is the percentage by mass of chlorine in
CaCl2•6H2O? B. 6
(Relative atomic mass of Ca = 40.1; Cl=35.5; C. 8
H=1.0; O=16.0 ) D. 10
A. 8.2%
B. 16.2% 5. How many moles of diborane (B2H6)
C. 32.4% contain x hydrogen atoms?
D. 63.9% (L represents the Avogadro constant.)
2x
3. The molecular formula of ozone is O3. Which of A.
the following statements about 1 mole of ozone L
is/are correct? L
B.
(1) It contains 6.02 × 1023 atoms. 2x
(2) It contains the same number of molecules x
C.
as 1 mole of O2(g). 6L
(3) Its mass is the same as 1 mole of O2(g). L
D.
6x
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

1
 D. The compound formed between Z and
chlorine conducts electricity in molten
6. Which of the following statements about lead is state.
correct? 10. How many mole(s) of gold atoms has/have2
A. It can be obtained by heating lead(II) oxide the same mass as 1 mole of copper atoms?
strongly in air. (Relative atomic mass of Cu = 63.5; Au =
B. It dissolves in excess dilute hydrochloric 197.0)
acid to form a colourless solution. A. 1.0
C. It shows moderate reaction with water. B. 3.1
D. It gives a compound which is yellow in C. 0.3
colour when heated in air. D. 1.9 x1024

7. The following table lists the year of discovery of

the four metals: 11. The structural formula of Vitamin C is
Metal Year of discovery shown below:
W 1801
X 500 B.C.
Y 1750
Z 1808

Which of the following is the correct ascending

order of reactivity of the metals?
A. X<Y<W<Z
B. Z<W<Y<X What is the empirical formula of Vitamin C?
C. Y<W<Z<X A. C6H8O6
D. X<Z<W<Y B. C5H8O5
C. C4H5O4
8. Which of the following will NOT react with D. C3H4O3
each other?
A. Heated zinc and steam 12. Which of the following gases contains the
B. Barium and dilute hydrochloric acid largest number of atoms at room conditions?
C. Carbon monoxide with heated aluminium A. 0.6 mole of hydrogen chloride gas
oxide B. 0.5 mole of nitrogen gas
D. Silver nitrate solution and sodium chloride C. 0.4 mole of ozone gas
solution D. 0.3 mole of methane gas

13. How many atoms and molecules are there

9. Refer to the following properties of four in 64.2 g of sulphur (S8)?
different substances: (Relative atomic mass of S = 32.1;
Melting Electrical conductivity Avogadro constant = 6.02x1023 mol-1)
Substance point solid state molten state
(°C)
Number of atoms Number of molecules
W 1 565 poor good
A. 2.00 0.25
X 1 610 poor poor
B. 1.505 x1023 1.881 x1022
Y 40 poor poor C. 1.204 x1024 9.632 x1024
Z 1 670 good good D. 1.204 x1024 1.505 x1023
Which of the following statements is correct?
A. W is malleable.
B. X is soluble in 1,1,1-trichloroethane.
C. Y is a liquid at room temperature and
pressure.
 14. The diagram below shows the structure of a form
of boron nitride which is similar to that of
graphite.
15. Element astatine (At) has an atomic number
of 85. Which of the following statements
about astatine is/are correct?
(1) At room temperature and pressure,
astatine exists as diatomic molecules.
(2) Astatine is soluble in non-aqueous
solvent.
(3) The formula of the compound formed
between astatine and potassium is K2At.

A. (1) and (2) only

B. (1) and (3) only
Which of the following statements concerning C. (2) and (3) only
this compound are correct? D. (1), (2) and (3)
(1) It has a high melting point.
(2) It is slippery.
(3) It is very hard.

A. (1) and (2) only

B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

Q16 consists of two separate statements. Decide whether each of the two statements is true or false; if
both are true, then decide whether or not the second statement is a correct explanation of the first
statement. Then select one option from A to D according to the following table:

A. A. Both statements are true and the 2nd statement is a correct explanation of the 1st statement.
B. B. Both statements are true and the 2nd statement is NOT a correct explanation of the 1st statement.
C. C. The 1st statement is false but the 2nd statement is true.
D. D. Both statements are false.

The 1st statement The 2nd statement

16. Diamond has a higher melting point than C-C covalent bonds have a short length than
silicon. Si-Si covalent bonds.

END OF SECTION A
 Heep Yunn
3 School
Mid-year Examination (2017 - 2018)
Form 4 Chemistry
Name:____________________ Total marks: ____/ 96
Class: F4__ Class No. ___

F.4A B C D E December, 2017

Time allowed: 90 minutes Total: 96 marks
Section B: Structural Questions (80 marks)
Instructions: Answer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.

1. The following diagram shows the extraction of iron from haemitate sample (Iron(III) oxide) in a set-up:

(a) In the above set-up, limestone undergoes thermal decomposition when heating strongly.
Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction occurred.

(1 mark)
(b) In the extraction process, carbon monoxide will be released and react with the iron ore to form
 iron. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction occurred.

(1 mark)
(c) Consider the compound in haematite,
(i) compare and explain its electrical conductivity in solid and molten states.

(ii) explain whether it is brittle or not.

(5 marks)

(d) A student uses an iron bucket to contain dilute hydrochloric acid.

After a while, colorless gas bubbles are observed on the inner surface of the bucket.
(i) Explain the observation.

(ii) Suggest another observable change in the solution.

(2 marks)
2. Magnesium hydroxide is an active ingredient in certain medicine to relieve stomachache.
It can be prepared by mixing magnesium sulphate solution with sodium hydroxide solution.
(a) Write an ionic equation for the reaction involved.

(1 mark)

(b) The two solutions used in the reaction are prepared by dissolving solid into water. The
masses of solids used are shown below:

Mass of solid dissolved in water

Sodium hydroxide 5.76 g
Magnesium sulphate 9.63 g

(i) Calculate the theoretical yield of magnesium hydroxide from the experiment.
(Relative atomic mass of Mg = 24.3; O=16.0; H=1.0)

(4 marks)

(ii) Calculate the percentage yield if 3.60 g of magnesium hydroxide were actually obtained.

(1 mark)

(c) When performing chemical reactions in the laboratory or in industry, the actual yield is
 usually less than theoretical yield. Suggest one reason for this.

(1 mark)
3. The non-metallic element selenium (Se) belongs to Group VI in the Periodic Table.
It is often found to be as an alternative to sulphur in6 forming proteins in plants.
(a) Explain why selenium can replace sulphur in making proteins in plants in terms of their electronic
structures.

(2 marks)

(b) Sulphur has three major isotopes in nature :

32 33 34
S: x% S: y % S: 4.00%

(i) What is meant by isotopes of an element.

(1 mark)

(ii) Sulphur has a relative atomic mass of 32.1.

Calculate the values of x and y.

(3 marks)

(c) Selenium combines with fluorine to form compound X.

Draw an electron diagram of X (showing electrons in the outermost shells only).
 (1 mark)
(d) Selenium combines with potassium to form compound Y.
7
Draw an electron diagram of Y (showing electrons in the outermost shells only).

(1 mark)

4. Consider the ore of metal X containing oxide of metal X with a chemical formula of XO.
Reduction of 140 g of this ore by hydrogen gas produces metal X and 9.90 g of water.
Calculate the percentage purity of oxide of X in the ore.
(Relative atomic mass of X= 208.0; O=16.0)
 (4 marks)
5. With reference to the methods of obtaining metals from zinc sulphide, calcium chloride and
8
mercury(II) oxide, deduce the order of reactivity of zinc, calcium and mercury.
Write down the corresponding equations for each of the extraction processes.
 (5 marks)
6. Compound X contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. When 50.0 g of compound X are burnt in excess
9
oxygen, 75.0 g of carbon dioxide and 20.4 g of water are formed.
(a) Determine the empirical formula of compound X.

(4 marks)

(b) The relative molecular mass of compound X is 176.0. Find its molecular formula.
 (2 marks)

(c) Do you expect compound X to have a high melting point? Explain.

(2 marks)
7. In an experiment, different metals and metal oxides are heated together.
The results are shown in the table below: 10
Metal used Metal oxide used Was the metal oxide reduced?
Chromium Copper(II) oxide Yes
Copper Lead(II) oxide No
Lead Chromium(III) oxide No
Sodium Chromium(III) oxide Yes

(a) Arrange the metals (chromium, copper, lead and sodium) in order of descending reactivity.

(1 mark)

(b) Predict what would be observed if a piece of chromium is dipped into aqueous lead(II) nitrate
solution. Write an ionic equation for the reaction involved.

(2 marks)

(c) Apart from chromium, there are other substances that can reduce copper(II) oxide on heating.
(i) Name TWO of the substances.

(ii) Write a chemical equation for the reduction of copper(II) oxide by one of the substance you
mentioned in (c)(i).

(2 marks)

(d) In the past, copper was used to make overhead electricity cables.
(i) Give one reason for the choice of copper to make overhead cables in the past.

(ii) What metal is used for making the overhead cable nowadays? Give one reason for the
change.
 (iii) Copper is often used to make cooking utensils due to its good thermal conductivity.
Explain this in terms of its structure.

(5 marks)
8. X is a Group III metal that can form an oxide with a formula X2O3.
11
Both X(s) and X2O3(s) can react with hydrochloric acid.
When the oxide of metal X reacts with hydrochloric acid, metal chloride and water are formed.
(a) Write the chemical equations for the reactions of X(s) with HCl(aq) and that of X2O3(s) with
HCl(aq).

(2 marks)

(b) 16.5 g of a mixture of X(s) and X2O3(s) is allowed to react with 0.5724 mol of HCl(aq) completely.
Deduce respectively the greatest possible value and smallest possible value of the relative atomic
mass of X.
 (5 marks)

(c) With reference to the Periodic Table, deduce what X may be.

(1 mark
9. Aluminium oxide can be formed by reacting the metal with steam.
(a) Draw the labeled experimental set-up for the reaction in a school laboratory set-up with a proper
collection of any gaseous product. 12

(2 marks)

(b) Write a chemical equation for the reaction involved.

(1 mark)

(c) If 5.00 g of aluminium is reacted in the reaction, what is the theoretical volume of hydrogen gas
that should be collected? Given that one mole of hydrogen gas occupies a volume of 24000 cm3
under room conditions.

(3 marks)
 (d) After the experiment, a student tried to turn off the Bunsen burner right away.
Explain whether the student’s action is correct. If not, suggest a proper action that she should take.

(2 marks)
10. Barium belongs to the same group as calcium in the Periodic Table.
13
(a) A piece of barium is dropped into dilute sulphuric acid.
(i) Write a chemical equation for the reaction.

(ii) Explain whether this reaction is an effective way to prepare hydrogen gas.

(3 marks)

(b) Both calcium and barium can react with cold water.
(i) Draw a labelled experimental set-up for the reaction between calcium and cold water.

(ii) Write down TWO of the observations for the reaction.

 (iii) Do
D you expect barium to react with water more readily than calcium does? Explain.

(5 marks)

(c) Arrange and explain the melting points of the following oxides of elements in descending order :

potassium oxide 14 oxide

calcium silicon dioxide

(5 marks)
END OF SECTION B
END OF PAPER

15

16
 Heep Yunn School
Mid-Year Examination (2017 - 2018)
F.4 Chemistry
Marking Scheme
Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (16 marks)

1. C 11. D
2. C 12 D
3. B 13. D
4. B 14. A
5. C 15. A

6. D 16. A
7. A
8. C
9. D
10. C

Section B: Structural questions (80 marks)

1. (a) CaCO3(s)CaO(s)+CO2(g) 1
(b) Fe2O3(s) +3CO(g)  2Fe(s) + 3CO2(g) 1
(c) (i) It conducts electricity in molten state as the ions are mobile to conduct. 1
It does not in solid state as its ions are held by strong ionic bond and they are not 1
mobile and there are no delocalized electrons.
(ii) It is brittle.
Oppositely charged ions are held by strong ionic bond. 1
When a force is applied, relative movement of the ions can bring ions of 1
the same charge close to each other.
The repulsion between ions of the same charge causes the crystal to break. 1
(d) (i) The acid reacts with the iron and produce hydrogen gas as the bubbles. 1
(ii) The solution turns from colorless to green. 1
9
2. (a) Mg (aq) + 2OH (aq)  Mg(OH)2(s)
2+ -
1
(b) (i) 5.76 g 0.5
Number of moles of NaOH used = = 0.1440mol (1)
40.0 g mol–1
9.63 g 0.5
Number of moles of MgSO4 used = = 0.07998 mol (1)
120.4 g mol–1
According to the equation, 1 mole of Mg2+reacts with 2 mole of OH-.
If ALL MgSO4 are used up, it needs 0.07998x2 =0.1600 mol of NaOH.
But there are only 0.1440 mol NaOH used,
Therefore sodium hydroxide is limiting reactant. 1 (1)
∴ number of moles of Mg(OH)2 produced = 0.1440/2 mol= 0.0720 mol 1
Theoretical yield of Mg(OH)2 = 0.0720 mol × 58.3 g mol–1= 4.20 g 1

1
 (ii) Percentage yield = (3.60/4.20) × 100%= 85.7% 1
(c) Any one of the following: 1
• Some of the reactants or products escape. (1)
• Incomplete reaction. (1)
• Side reaction occurs. (1)
• There are impurities in the reactants.
7
3. (a) Both selenium and sulphur atoms have the same number of outermost shell 1
electrons.
They have similar chemical properties. 1
(b) (i) Isotopes are the different atoms of the same element having same number 1
of protons but different number of neutrons.
(ii) 32×𝑥 + 33×𝑦+ 34×4.00 1
32.1 =
100

32×𝑥 + 33×(96−𝑥)+ 34×4.00

32.1 =
100
x= 94 1
y=100-4-x = 100-4-94 = 2 1
(c) 1

(d) 1

8
4. XO(s) + H2(g)  X(s) + H2O(l)
9.90 g
Number of moles of H2O formed =
18.0 g mol–1 1
= 0.550 mol ())
According to the equation, 1 mole of XO gives 1 mole of H2O upon reduction.
∴ number of moles of XO reduced = 0.550 mol
Mass of XO in the ore = 0.550 mol × (208 + 16.0) g mol–1= 123 g 1
Percentage purity = (123/140) x 100% = 87.9% 1
1
4

2
5. By heating mercury(II) oxide directly, mercury can be obtained, while zinc and calcium 0.5
cannot be obtained by similar method.
2HgO(s)  2Hg(l) + O2(g) 1
By heating sulphide of zinc followed by heating with carbon, zinc can be obtained while 0.5
calcium cannot be obtained by similar method.
2ZnS(s) + 3O2(g)  2ZnO(s) + 2SO2(g) 0.5
2ZnO(s) + C(s)  2Zn(s) + CO2(g) 0.5
Calcium can only be obtained by electrolysis of its chloride in molten state. 0.5
CaCl2(l)  Ca(l) + Cl2(g) 1

As the more stable the metal compound is, the more reactive the metal is. 0.5
So, the order of reactivity is: calcium > zinc > mercury
5

6. (a) Mass of carbon in compound X

12.0
= 75.0 g ×
44.0
= 20.5 g 0.5
Mass of hydrogen in compound X
2.0
= 20.4 ×
18.0 0.5
= 2.27 g
Mass of oxygen in compound X
= (50.0 – 20.5 – 2.27) g 1
= 27.2 g
C H O
Mass /g 20.5 2.27 27.2
20.5 g 2.27 g 27.2 g
No. of mole / mol 12.0 g mol –1
1.0 g mol–1 16.0 g mol–1 1
= 1.71 mol = 2.27 mol = 1.70 mol
1.71 mol 2.27 mol 1.70 mol
Mole ratio
1.70 mol 1.70 mol 1.70 mol
= 1.01 = 1.34 = 1.00 1
∴ the empirical formula of compound X is C3H4O3.
(b) Let (C3H4O3)n be the molecular formula of compound X.
Relative molecular mass of X = n(12 x 3 + 4 x 1 + 3 x 16)
= 88n 1
∴ 88n = 176.0
n=2
∴ the molecular formula of compound X is C6H8O6. 1
(c) No.
It has a simple molecular structure. 0.5
There are weak van der Waals’ forces between the molecules. 1

3
 Only little amount of heat is needed to break forces. 0.5
8
7. (a) Sodium > Chromium > Lead > Copper 1
(b) Any two of the following observations:
Chromium dissolves / Grey solid deposits on chromium / the solution turns from colourless 0.5x2
to green
2Cr(s) + 3Pb2+(aq)2Cr3+(aq)+3Pb(s) 1
(c) (i) Carbon / charcoal / coke 0.5
carbon monoxide / hydrogen gas 0.5
(i) (ii) 2CuO(s) + C(s)2Cu(s)+CO2(g) 1
OR CuO(s) + CO(g)Cu(s)+CO2(g)
OR CuO(s) + H2(g)Cu(s)+H2O (l)
(d) (i) Good electrical conductor/ductile / corrosion resistant 1
(ii) Aluminium. 1
Aluminium has a lower density than copper. 1
(iii) When copper is heated, the delocalized electrons get more energy. 1
The delocalized electrons collide with each other and the heat energy is transferred. 1
Therefore copper has a good thermal conductivity.
10
8. (a) 2X(s)+6HCl(aq)2XCl3(aq)+3H2(g) ------(1) 1
X2O3(s)+6HCl(aq)2XCl3(aq)+3H2O(l) ----(2) 1
(b) Greatest possible value of r.a.m. of X can be calculated by assuming that the mixture contains
X only,
According to equation (1), the mole ratio of X:HCl = 1:3
so the no. of moles of X =0.5724/3=0.1908 mol 1
Greatest possible r.a.m. of X = 16.5/0.1908 = 86.5 1

Smallest possible value of r.a.m. of X can be calculated by assuming that the mixture
contains X2O3 only,
According to equation (2), the mole ratio of X2O3 : HCl = 1 : 6
so the no. of moles of X =0.5724/6=0.0954 mol 1
Let the r.a.m. of X be A,
16.5/(2A+16.0x3) = 0.0954 1
Smallest possible r.a.m. of X = 62.5 1
(c) The only Group III metal with r.a.m. in the range of 62.5 to 86.5 is gallium(Ga). 1
8
9. (a) aluminium 1
hydrogen 1

1 mark for correct labeling of wet sand, magnesium ribbon and water ;
1 mark for correct drawing of workable set-up
(b) 2Al(s) + 3H2O(g)Al2O3(s) + 3H2(g) 1

4
 (c) Number of mole of Al = 5.00/ 27.0 = 0.1852 mol 1
Mole ratio of Al: H2 = 2:3
Number of mole of H2 = 0.1852 x3 / 2 = 0.2778 mol 1
Volume of H2 = 0.2778 mol x 24000 cm3 mol-1= 6670 cm3 1
(d) It is incorrect.
Her action will lead to sucking back of water to the hot tube which will crack the tube. 1
She should remove the delivery tube between water and the tube before stop heating. 1
8
10. (a) (i) Ba(s) + H2SO4(aq)  BaSO4(s) + H2(g) 1
(ii) No.
The insoluble barium sulphate formed will coat on Ba(s) 1
and prevent the reaction between Ba(s) and acid.
The evolution of hydrogen gas will stop after a short while. 1
(b) (i) 1
hydrogen 1

1 mark for correct labeling of inverted funnel, water and calcium ;

1 mark for correct drawing of workable set-up
(ii) Any TWO of the following : 0.5 x 2
• Calcium dissolves
• Calcium sinks (1)
• The solution turns from colorless to milky
• Evolution of colorless gas bubbles.
(iii) Yes.
Barium atoms have a larger atomic size than calcium atoms. 0.5
The distance between nucleus and outermost shell electrons is farther in barium 0.5
atoms.
The attraction between nucleus and outermost shell electrons is weaker. 0.5
Barium atoms can lose the outermost shell electrons more readily than calcium. 0.5
(c) Silicon dioxide> calcium oxide > potassium oxide 1

Silicon has a giant covalent structure. 0.5

There are strong covalent bonds between atoms. 0.5
it needs the largest amount of energy to break the strongest covalent bonds 0.5
between atoms.
Therefore, silicon dioxide has the largest melting point.

Both calcium oxide and potassium oxide has a giant ionic structure. 0.5
There are strong ionic bonds between ions. 0.5
Calcium ions are smaller than potassium ions; 0.5
and calcium ions have higher +2 charges while potassium ions only have +1 charges. 0.5

5
The ionic bonds in calcium oxide are stronger than that in potassium oxide. 0.5
Therefore, calcium oxide has a higher melting point than potassium oxide.
13