Pharmaceutical Applications PDF

Pharmaceutical Applications
for
Ion Exchange Resins
Purolite Ion Exchange Resins

for ion exchange resins
N Drug Purification
N Tablet Disintegrant
N Slow Drug Release
N As the Drug Substance

N Drug Purification

Purification of Cephalosporin-C
N Weak Base Anion Resin:
- removing residual anions
- partial decolorization
N Adsorbent resin 1 :
- completion of decolorization
N Adsorbent resin 2:
- adsorbs Cephalosporin-C
N Cephalosporin-C eluted using IPA
N Strong Acid Cation :

- converts Cephalosporin-C to Na+ form
Purolite Ion Exchange Resins for ion exchange resins
Purification of Cephalosporin-C
WBA Adsorb Adsorb SAC

#1 #2
N Tablet Disintegrant
Tablet Disintegrant
Weak Acid Cation Resin

- Carboxylic type
Moisture Content:
- 50% in H+ form
- 75% in Na+ or K+ form
Tablet Disintegrant
Typical Use:
- for tablets of Phenobarbitone
---------------------------------------------
US Pharamacopeia name for the
resin:
- “Polacrilin Potassium”
Tablet Disintegrant
Resin is 75% - 90% converted
to K+ form
---------------------------------------------
Purified beads ground to
<100 microns powder
---------------------------------------------
A few percent of resin powder is
compressed into tablet
Tablet Disintegrant
When tablet contacts water:
N resin particles rapidly hydrate
N resin expands in volume
N tablet disintegrates
N Slow Drug Release

Slow Release Drug
-Process of Ion Exchange is not
instantaneous
- Resin allows slow release of

drug into gastric system
- Resin usually in fine powder

form is loaded with drug.
Slow Release Drug
- Drug is consumed orally by
patient
- In the stomach, the drug is

slowly released when it contacts
the intestinal fluids
N As the Drug Substance

As the Drug Substance
- Resin is insoluble
- Will pass through human

digestive system without being
absorbed
- Will be expelled through normal

waste functions
- Resin has no side effects on

human body (non-systemic)
- Two Major Applications as:-
(1) - “Cholestyramine”
(2) - “Sodium Polstyrene

Sulphonate”
Cholestyramine
- Used to reduce cholesterol
- Cholesterol is essential to human life
- In the body, cholesterol is oxidized to bile

acids
- bile acids then converted to salts of glycine

and taurine conjugates in the liver
Cholestyramine
- Salts of glycine and taurine emulsify
ingested fats
- During the adsorption phase of digestion,

90% of bile salts are re-adsorbed
- Thus, bile salts produced from cholesterol

pass to the intestine and are then returned
to the liver
Cholestyramine
- There are two types of cholesterol:
- “Good” HDL Cholesterol
- “Bad” LDL Cholesterol
Cholestyramine
- The liver produces :
Very Low Density Lipoprotein
( VLDL )
- VLDL is secreted into the blood
Cholestyramine
- Some VLDL combines with HDL

to produce LDL
VLDL + HDL ----> LDL
LDL cholesterol causes Cholesteryl ester to

clog artery walls resulting in:-
- restriction of blood flow
- potential heart attack
Cholestyramine
“Cholestyramine” is really a
Strong Base Anion Type I

Resin in Chloride form
copolymer matrix:
Styrene-DivinylBenzene
functional group:
quaternary ammonium
Cholestyramine
“Cholestyramine” is identical in chemical

nature to
SBA Type I resins
Except moisture content is about 70%
Cholestyramine
Resin Preparation:
- throughly cleaned
- dried
- ground to powder <150 microns
- powder is flavored
- consumed while dispersed in water or fruit juice
Cholestyramine
Function of “Cholestyramine” resin
- bile acid reduction:-
-resin releases chloride ions which are

exchanged for the anions of the
bile acid salts
- bile acid salts bound to the anion resin cannot

be adsorbed by the body
- the resin with adsorbed salts is excreted unchanged
Sodium Polystyrene Sulphonate
Strong Acid Cation Resin in Sodium form
Identical in composition to resins

used is water softening
Normal serum concentration for :
Potassium - approx. 5 m mol /liter

Sodium - approx.140 m mol/liter
Calcium - approx. 2.5 m mol/liter
Potassium is excreted via the kidneys

High Potassium levels arise when urine
output reduces to < 250 ml /day
Product is supplied in 2 forms:

- Sodium form
- Calcium form
Major Manufacturer: Sanofi-Winthrop

e.g. Resonium A (Na+ form)
Calcium Resonium (Ca++ form)
Product will steadily remove K+ as it

progresses through intestinal tract
R-Na+ + K+ ----> R-K+ + Na+
R-Ca++ + K+ ----> R-K+ + Ca++
Resin is excreted with the faeces.

Preparation:
- Purified
- Dried
- Ground to Powder < 150 microns
Dosage:
15 grams flavored
3 - 4 times daily orally (in water)
Purolite Brand Products
for Pharmaceutical Applications
C-115 KMR (Polacrilin Potassium)
A-430 MR (Cholestyramine)
Polystyrene Sulphonate:
C-100 Na MR (Sodium form)
C-100 Ca MR (Calcium form)
for
Ion Exchange Resins
END

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Pharmaceutical Applications

Ion Exchange Resins

Purolite Ion Exchange Resins

Purolite Ion Exchange Resins

Purolite Ion Exchange Resins

N Strong Acid Cation :

WBA Adsorb Adsorb SAC

Weak Acid Cation Resin

N resin particles rapidly hydrate

N resin expands in volume

N Slow Drug Release

Purolite Ion Exchange Resins

- Resin allows slow release of

- Resin usually in fine powder

- In the stomach, the drug is

N As the Drug Substance

Purolite Ion Exchange Resins

- Will pass through human

- Will be expelled through normal

- Resin has no side effects on

- Two Major Applications as:-

(2) - “Sodium Polstyrene

- Cholesterol is essential to human life

- In the body, cholesterol is oxidized to bile

- bile acids then converted to salts of glycine

- During the adsorption phase of digestion,

- Thus, bile salts produced from cholesterol

- There are two types of cholesterol:

- “Good” HDL Cholesterol

- “Bad” LDL Cholesterol

- The liver produces :

Very Low Density Lipoprotein

- VLDL is secreted into the blood

- Some VLDL combines with HDL

VLDL + HDL ----> LDL

LDL cholesterol causes Cholesteryl ester to

Strong Base Anion Type I

“Cholestyramine” is identical in chemical

Except moisture content is about 70%

- ground to powder <150 microns

- consumed while dispersed in water or fruit juice

-resin releases chloride ions which are

- bile acid salts bound to the anion resin cannot

- the resin with adsorbed salts is excreted unchanged

Strong Acid Cation Resin in Sodium form

Identical in composition to resins

Potassium - approx. 5 m mol /liter

Potassium is excreted via the kidneys

Product is supplied in 2 forms:

Major Manufacturer: Sanofi-Winthrop

Product will steadily remove K+ as it

R-Na+ + K+ ----> R-K+ + Na+

R-Ca++ + K+ ----> R-K+ + Ca++

Resin is excreted with the faeces.

Purolite Ion Exchange Resins

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