FILTER PRESS AND

SHELL AND LEAF

FILTERS
INTRODUCTION :-

 The mechanical operation of separating a solid from a liquid

by means of a porous medium is called filtration.
 The medium retains the solid in the form of porous cake ,
while the liquid passes through it.
 The driving force is required for a separation by filtration
may be divided into four category gravity , vacuum ,
pressure and centrifugal.
Examples of filtration:-
 Separation of suspended impurities from water in water
purification.
 Separation of organic and inorganic materials from their
slurry such as calcium carbonate , ammonium sulphate ,
sugar , paranitroaniline.
INDUSTRIAL FILTRATION EQUIPMENT

 Discontinuous Pressure Filters:

Apply large P across septum to give economically rapid filtration with
viscous liquids or fine solids.

 Plate and Frame Filter Press

 Shell and leaf Filters

1. PLATE AND FRAME FILTER PRESS
 Filter presses work in a "batch" manner.
 The plates are clamped together, then a pump starts
feeding the slurry into the filter press to complete a
filtering cycle and produce a batch of solid filtered
material, called the filter cake.
 A filter press uses increased pump pressure to maximize
the rate of filtration
PLATE AND FRAME FILTER PARTS…
A MEDIUM SCALE FRAME AND FILTER PRESS..
 PLATE AND FRAME FILTER PRESS
 Construction :-
• This is the simplest type of pressure filter.
• It consists of plates and frames arranged alternately and
supported on a pair of rails.
• The plate is a solid piece having a ribbed surface.
• The frame is hollow and provides the space for the filter cake.
• By this alternate arrangement of frame and filter the chamber
form in which cake will deposited.
• The plate and frame are square or rectangular in shape which
made from cast iron, stainless steel, nickel, aluminium, monel,
wood, hard rubber or plastics (polypropylene).
• Coated materials are also be used(rubber or lead or epoxy resin
covered).

Filter Cloth Frame and Plate

• Filter cloths are placed over each plate to cover the
plate surface on both sides so that hollow frame is separated
from the plate by the filter cloth.
• The plate and frame have circular holes on the corners for
feed and discharge.
• The filter cloth also having holes.
• The filter cloth themselves act as gaskets.
• By using the hand screw or hydraulically the press is
closed and a continuous channel is formed along the
whole length.
• At the bottom of the plates, holes are cored which connect the
faces of the plates to the outlet cocks.
 Working :-

• Slurry to be filtered is pumped through the feed channel.

• It runs into the chambers formed and filled the chamber
completely.
• The filtrate passes through the cloth, runs down the faces
of plates and finally leaves the filter through discharged
cocks.
• The solids are deposited on the filter cloth. After some time
chamber is fully charged then the press is said to be
jammed.
• To remove soluble impurities from the cake wash liquid
may be introduced in the press, then blown with air to
remove the residual liquid from it.
• The press is then dismantled, and the cake of solids
scrapped off from each plate and dropped to a conveyor or
storage bin.
• In simple washing, the wash liquor is introduced through the
feed channel and leaves the filter through outlet cocks.
• It is suited when cake is uniform and permeable.
• Filtrate is discharged by two way which is :
1. Open Discharged , 2. Close Discharged
• The close technique is used when toxic or volatile materials are
to be filtered.
• In many presses, arrangement is done for steam heating.
• Due to this, the viscosity of the filtrate is reduced and a higher
rate of filtration is achieved.
• The plate is ranging from 100 X 100 mm to 1500 X 1750 mm.
• Operating pressure upto 700 kPa are common.
• The press may be operated upto 7 MPa by using suitable
material of construction.
 Advantages :-

i. Simple in construction.
ii. Low first cost.
iii. Very low maintenance and hence, its cost is low.
iv. It provides large filtering area per unit for floor space occupied.
v. High operating pressure are easily obtained.
vi. It is possible to alter the capacity.
vii. Most joints are external, so leakage is easily detected.
viii. Flexibility.
 Disadvantages:-

i. Labour requirement is very high.

ii. Filter cloth life is relatively short.
iii. Not suitable for high throughputs.
iv. Presses frequently drip and leak, making housekeeping in the
area a problem.
v. Cake washing is likely to be imperfect.
 SHELL AND LEAF FILTER:
Description:
In these horizontal pressure leaf filter Jacketting and cloth enveloped filters
are optional. There are 2 hydraulic cylinders to open and close the special
bayonet wedge lock closure, which is provided at the lid. The retractable
filtered shell is mounted on four external wheels and all nozzle connections
are mounted on fixed head of filter vessel. Appropriate inter-locking
(preventing opening under pressure) is also a key feature of this type of
horizontal pressure leaf filter.

Range: Available in 5 sq. m to 250 sq. m.

SHELL AND LEAF FILTER
Advantages:
Horizontal Leaf Filter is also a multi utility device that has the
following advantages: -
» Nil spillage, as a result of close and compact operation.
» No use of filtered cloth reduces operational expenses.
» High productivity due to high rate of filtration.
» Cheap and economical operational costs. Internal Structure
» Highly user friendly.
 Shell and Leaf filter
 This filter is used under higher pressure and batter washing
of the cake is needed.
 These filters provide large surface area by using varieties of
filter leaves.
 In the horizontal tank design shown in fig. a set of vertical
leaves is held on a retractable rack.
 The slurry to be filtered fills the space around the leaf and is
forced to flow through the leaf by applying pressure on the
slurry or vacuum within the leaf.
 The filter cake builds upon the outside of leaf.
 Filtrate passes from within the leaf to the filtrate discharge
system.
 This is widely used for filtrations involving filter aids.
REFERENCES :-
 www.google.com
 www.wikipedia.com

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