Industrial Chemistry (B.Sc.

4th year): Lecture 1

Dr. Bishan Datt Bhatt
Department of Chemistry, Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus 1

Chemical Industries
Physicochemical Finalized Consumer Product
Raw material
Process
Natural product industries
Chemical industries
Synthetic product industries
Examples: Inorganic Chemical Industries, Natural product chemical
industries, Synthetic organic chemical industries,
Polymerization chemical industries, etc.
Some imp. raw materials: Petroleum, Coal, Ores, Natural Products
Main Chem. Industries in Agro-based  208, Construction based  38
Nepal (2067/68): Manufacture  2148, Mineral based  35
Aspects of studying a Market, Sales, Reactions, Kinetic+thermodynamic
Chemical Industry: aspects, Raw materials, Problems, Economics
 Industrial Chemistry (B.Sc. 4th year): Lecture 1
Dr. Bishan Datt Bhatt
Department of Chemistry, Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus 2

Chemical Industries (Contd..)

Cement  30 lakh, Pulp + paper  40 thousand
National Produ- Beverages 20 lakh, Biscuit  18 thousand
ction (in ton) Sugar  3 lakh, Veg ghee:  2 lakh
 105 industries Metals  6 lakh, Soaps + Chem: 1 lakh

CEMENT
Introduction:
• A binder made up of limestones and clay that sets, gets hardened and
adheres to the another material, binding them together
• Mostly used along with the sand and gravel
• Cement + Sand + Gravel undergoes setting giving Concrete
• Ordinary cement: OPC (Ordinary Portland Cement), Named by
Josheph Asphdin, Resembles to the rock of Portland after setting
• OPC is mainly ground calcium aluminates and silicates
 Industrial Chemistry (B.Sc. 4th year): Lecture 1
Dr. Bishan Datt Bhatt
Department of Chemistry, Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus 3

Cement (Contd..)
Approximate • Lime (CaO) : 60-67 %
Composition of • Silica (SiO2) : 15-25 %
Portland Cement • Alumina (Al2O3): 5-10 %
• Iron (III) oxide (Fe2O3): 0.5-6.0 %
• Magensia (MgO): 0.1 – 4.0 %
Composition formed after burning or fusion:
• Dicalcium silicate (C2S): 2CaO.SiO2
• Tricalcium silicate (C3S): 3CaO.SiO2
• Tricalcium Aluminate (C2A): 3CaO.Al2O3
• Tetracalcium aluminoferrite (C4AF): 4CaO.Al2O3.Fe2O3
Hydraulic Cement: Requires water for setting (eg. OPC)
Non-hydraulic Cement: Example: Slaked line, Ca(OH)2, when
exposed on air for long time absorbs CO2 from atmosphere and sets in
hard mass of CaCO3.
 Industrial Chemistry (B.Sc. 4th year): Lecture 1
Dr. Bishan Datt Bhatt
Department of Chemistry, Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus 4

Cement (Contd..)
Composition of main types of cements
• Portland Cement:
Mainly contains C2S, C3S & C3A. Small amounts C4AF, MgO & CaO
• High alumina Cement:
Mainly contains C3A. Also: C3S & C2AS. High rate of heat liberation
• Hydraulic hydrated lime:
Mainly contains Ca(OH)2. Also: C3S & C3A. Good for mortars.
• Pozzolana:
Highly calcined MgO+MgCl2. High strength, spark proof.