WHAT IS A NATION-STATE?
culture, speak a common language, and live in a specific
Nation-state is composed of two non-interchangeable
terms: not all states are nations, and not all nations are
states.
➢ Scotland is a nation, UK is a state
➢ Bangsamoro is a nation, Philippines is a state
There are also single nations with multiple states:
➢ Korea is a nation with two states: North and South
Korea
➢ "Chinese nation" may refer to mainland China and
Taiwan
STATE
It refers to a country and its government in layman's
term. It must have:
1. Citizens over whom to exercise authority.
2. A territory to govern over
3. A government to construct laws
4. Sovereignty (internal and external) over the
territory
- Internal authority: laws must be followed by people
within the territory
- External authority: independence from outside
intervention.
NATION
According to Benedict Anderson, it is an "imagined
community" that is limited because it does not go
beyond a given "official boundary." Nations often limit
themselves to people who have imbibed a particular
➢ challenged the power of royalty and religion
territory.
The nation allows one to feel a connection to a
community of people.
Nation and state are closely related because it
is nationalism that facilitates state formation. It has been
the nationalist movements that have allowed for the
creation of nation states. States become independent
and sovereign because of nationalist sentiment that
clamors for this independence.
THE INTERSTATE SYSTEM
➢ Sovereignty is a fundamental principle of modern
state politics.
➢ Origins of this can be traced back 400 years
ago.
WESTPHALIAN SYSTEM AND THE NAPOLEONIC
WARS
Treaty of Westphalia
➢ a series of agreements signed in 1648 to end the
Thirty Year's War between the monarchial major
powers of Europe.
➢ The brutal war was between Catholics and
Protestants
➢ The Holy Roman Empire, Spain, France,
Sweden, and the Dutch Republic agreed to
exercise complete control over their domestic
affairs and never to meddle in each other’s
affairs.
NAPOLEONIC WARS (1803 - 1815)
➢ It was led by Napoleon Bonaparte, it
challenged the Westphalian System by
spreading the principles of the French
Revolution -- liberty, equality, and fraternity.
➢ Anglo and Prussian armies defeated Napoleon
in the Battle of Waterloo.
To prevent another war, a new system was designed,
in effect restoring the Westphalian System.
The Concert of Europe was an alliance of "great
powers" -- UK, Austria, Russia, and Prussia -- that
sought to restore the monarchial and hereditary
privileges before the French Revolution and Napoleonic
War. It was an alliance that sought the sovereignty
of states.
Named after Klemens von Metternich who was
the main architect of the system, this Metternich
system ran from 1815 to 1914, the dawn of the First
World War.
Present-day international system still has traces of
this history. Until now, states are considered sovereign,
and Napoleonic attempts to violently impose systems of
governments in other countries are frowned upon.
III. INTERNATIONALISM
➢ Internationalism is the desire for better
cooperation between states and the people.
➢ Internationalism comes in different forms, but the
principles maybe divided into two broad
categories: liberal internationalism and social
internationalism
LIBERAL INTERNATIONALISM
➢ Immanuel Kant argued that without a form of
world government, international systems would
be chaotic.
 ➢ Jeremy Bentham, who coined the term
international in 1870, advocated the
"international law" that would govern the
interstate relations.
➢ Guiseppe Mazinni was an Italian patriot who
proposed a system of free nations that
cooperated with each other to create an
international system. A nationalist
internationalist, he believed that free, unified
nation-states should be the basis of global
cooperation.
➢ Woodrow Wilson, former US President (1913-
1921), forwarded the principle of self-
determination -- the belief that the world's
nations had a right to a free and sovereign
government.
➢ Notable advocate for the creation of the League
of Nations, precursor to UN.
➢ The League was practically powerless to stop
World War II.
➢ The Axis Powers (Germany, Italy, and Japan)
was averse to internationalism and violently
imposed dominance over other countries.
➢ Allied Powers was composed of US, UK,
Holland, France, and Belgium, who were
internationalists.
SOCIAL INTERNATIONALISM
➢ Karl Marx was opposed to Mazzini's nationalistic
sense of internationalism; he believed that it rooted
people in domestic concerns rather than global
ones.
➢ He divided the world not into countries but into
classes: capitalists (bosses of productions) and
proletariat (workers) classes.
➢ Marx and co-author Fredrich Engels opposed Liberal internationalism is dominant. The best
nationalism because they believed it prevented the evidence would be the existence of the United
workers from unification. Instead, it could make Nations as the center of global governance.
workers in individual countries identify with
CONCLUSION
capitalists in their countries.
Internationalism is but one window into the broader
➢ The Socialist International (SI) was a union of phenomenon of globalization. Nevertheless, it is a
socialist and labor parties established in Paris in crucial aspect of globalization, since global
1889 after Marx's death in 1883. interactions are heightened with increased
interdependence of states. Increasingly, international
➢ Achievements: Labor Day (May 1), International
relations are also facilitated by global organizations
Women's Day, 8-hour work day.
that promote norms and policies. The most
➢ SI collapsed during World War I. prominent example of this organization, is of course,
the United Nations.
➢ The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
was established when Vladimir Lenin overthrew
Czar Nicholas II during the Russian Revolution in
1917. His party didn't believe in obtaining power for
the working class through elections. Instead, they
advocated for revolutions.
➢ The Communist International (Comintern) was
established by Lenin in 1919 to direct Communist
parties across the world.
➢ less democratic
➢ secretly worked to stir up revolutions in other
countries
➢ Abolished in 1943 during World War II to appease
Russia's allies, the US and UK.
The Communist Information Bureau (Cominform)
was established post war by Joseph Stalin, helping
direct communist parties across Eastern Europe
which the USSR took over to influence.
➢ With the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1993, ideas
of communist internationalism also practically
disappeared.
Present Day