10-3 Maxwell’s Theorem of

Reciprocal Disp: Betti’s Law

 The disp of a point B on a structure due to a
unit load acting at point A is equal to the disp
of point A when the load is acting at point B
f BA  f AB

 Proof of this theorem is easily demonstrated

using the principle of virtual work

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 10-3 Maxwell’s Theorem of
Reciprocal Disp: Betti’s Law
 The theorem also applies for reciprocal
rotations
 The rotation at point B on a structure due to a
unit couple moment acting at point A is equal
to the rotation at point A when the unit couple
is acting at point B

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 Example 10.1
 Determine the reaction at the roller support B
of the beam shown in Fig 10.8(a)
 EI is constant

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 Lesson 4
 Learning Outcome

 Tutorial
 Examples in applying the Force Method of
Analysis
 Drawing of Bending Moment Diagrams

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 Example 10.1 - solution
 Principle of superposition
 By inspection, the beam is statically
indeterminate to the first degree
 The redundant will be taken as By

 Fig 10.8(b) shows application of the

principle superposition
 We assume By acts upward on the beam

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 Example 10.1 - solution
 Compatibility eqn
( ) 0   B  B y f BB eqn(1)

 B and f BB are easily obtained using standard table.

9000kNm3 576m 3
B  ; f BB 
EI EI

Sub into eqn (1) :

9000 576
0  By  B y  15.6kN
EI EI

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 Example 10.4
 Draw the shear & moment
diagrams for the beam
shown in Fig 10.11(a)
 EI is constant
 Neglect the effects of axial
load

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 Example 10.4 - solution
 Principle of Superposition
 Since axial load is neglected,
the beam is indeterminate to
the second degree
 The 2 end moments at A & B
will be considered as the
redundants
 The beam’s capacity to resist
these moments is removed
by placing a pin at A and a
rocker at B
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  The principle of
superposition is applied to
the beam as shown in Fig
10.11(b)

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 Example 10.4 - solution
 Compatibility eqn
 Reference to points A & B, Fig
10.11(b) requires

0   A  M A AA  M B AB eqn (1)

0   B  M A BA  M B BB eqn (2)

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 Example 10.4 - solution
 Compatibility eqn (cont’d)
 The required slopes and angular
flexibility coeff can be determined
using standard tables
151.9 118.1
A  ; A 
EI EI

2 2
 AA  ;  BB  ;
EI EI

1
 AB   BA 
EI

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 Example 10.4 - solution
 Compatibility eqn (cont’d)
Sub into eqn (1) and (2)gives :

151.9  2   1 
0  M A   M B  
EI  EI   EI 
118.1  1   2 
0  M A   M B  
EI  EI   EI 
M A  61.9kNm; M B  28.1kNm,

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 Example 10.4 - solution
 Using these results, the end shear are
calculated, Fig 10.11(c)
 The shear & moment diagrams plotted

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