1. Sleeper AA. Speech and Language. Chudler EH, editor.

New York: Chelsea House;

2007.
2. Smith C, Hill J. Language Development and Disorders of Communication and Oral
Motor Function. In: Molnar G, Alexander MA, editors. Pediatric Rehabilitation. 3 ed.
Philadelphia: Hanley and Belfus, Inc; 1999. p. 57-72.
3. Sekartini R. Gangguan Komunikasi : Deteksi dini dan intervensi. IDAI; 2010; Bandung.
2010.
4. Soetjiningsih. Perkembangan anak dan permasalahannya. In: Narendra M, Sularyo T,
Suyitno H, Soetjiningsih, Ranuh I, editors. Buku Ajar Tumbuh Kembang Anak dan
Remaja. Jakarta: Sagung Seto; 2002.
5. Soetjiningsih. Tumbuh Kembang Anak. Ranuh IG, editor. Jakarta: EGC; 1995.
6. Effendi I, Lestari R. Gangguan bicara dan bahasa pada anak. 2008 [updated 2008; cited];
Available from: dokteranakku.com.
7. Busari JO, Weggelaar NM. How to investigate and manage the child who is slow to
speak. BMJ. 2004;328:272-6.
8. Sidiarto L. Berbagai gangguan berbahasa pada anak. Dardjowidjojo S, editor. Jakarta:
Kanisius; 1991.
9. Wahjuni S. Pemeriksaan Penyaringan Keterlambatan perkembangan bahasa pada anak
batita dengan Early Language Milestone Scale di Kelurahan Paseban, Jakarta Pusat.
Jakarta: FK-UI; 1998.
10. Toppelberg CO, Shapiro T. Language Disorders : A 10-Years Research Update Review.
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2000;39:143-52.
11. Law J, Boyle J, Harris F, Harkness A, Nye C. Screening for Speech and Language
Delay : A systemic Review of the Literature. Health Technology Assessment. 1998;2
(9):1-5.
12. Dewi IN. Faktor Risiko Keterlambatan Perkembangan Bahasa pada Anak Usia 18-36
bulan. Jakarta: Indonesia; 2010.
13. Paulus AFS. Modifikasi skala REEL sebagai instrumen penyaring Keterlambatan Bahasa
anak usia 18 sampai 36 bulan. Jakarta: Indonesia; 2008.
14. Parker SJ, Zuckerman BS, Augustyn MC. Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics:
Language Delays. 2 ed. Phladelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005.
15. Rydz D, et.al. Screening for developmental delay in the setting of a community pediatric
clinic: a prospective assessment of parent-report questionnaires. Pediatrics.
2006;118(4):1178-86.
16. Coplan J, Gleason JR, Ryan R, Burke Mg, Williams ML. Validation of an Early
Language Milestone Scale in a High-Risk Population. Journal of the American Academy
of Pediatrics. 1982;70:677-83.
17. Walker D, Gugenheim S, Downs MP, Northern JL. Early Language Milestone scale and
Language Screening of Young Children. Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics.
1989;83:284-8.
18. Niasari N. Peran The Early language Milestone Scale sebagai Uji Tapis terhadap Anak
dengan Keterlambatan BIcara yang diduga disebabkan oleh Gangguan Pendengaran
Sensorineural. Jakarta: FK-UI; 2007.
19. Leung AK, Kao CP. Evaluation and Management of the child with Speech Delay.
American family Physician. 1999;59(11):3121-8.
20. Coplan J, Gleason JR. Quantifying Language Development From Birth to 3 years Using
the Early Language Milestone Scale. Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics.
1990;86:963-71.
21. Nelson HD, Nygren P, Walker M, Panoscha R. Screening for Speech and Language
Delay in Preschool Children : Systematic Evidence Review for the US Preventive
Services Task Force. Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics. 2006;117:298-318.
22. Slentz KL, Early DM, McKenna M. Guide to Assessment in Early Childhood : Infancy to
Age Eight. Washington: Washington State Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction;
2008.
23. Harty M. The association between maternal self-efficacy and maternal perception of child
language competence: University of Pretoria; 2005.
24. Jeff S, Donna P. Parent and teacher assessment of receptive and expressive language in
preschool children with developmental disabilities. Education & Training in Mental
Retardation & Developmental Disabilities. 1995;30(4):329-35.
25. Mahoney G. The Validity of the Receptive-Expressive Emergent Language Scale with
Mentally Retarded Children Journal of Early Intervention. October 1984;9:86-94.
26. Dewirini DA. Membangun Desa, Membangun Indonesia. Indonesia; 2009 [updated
2009; cited]; Available from: theaegis.wordpress.com.
27. Widiyati. Uji Diagnostik REEL dan CAT/CLAMS sebagai instrumen penyaring
gangguan bahasa pada anak usia 24-36 bulan. Jakarta: Indonesia; 2010.
28. Pusponegoro HD. Perkembangan anak, normal atau abnormal ? Simposium : Diagnosis
dan tatalaksana autisme, gangguan perkembangan pada anak; 1997; Jakarta. Bagian
Psikiatri FKUI RSCM dan Yayasan Autisme Indonesia; 1997.
29. Pusponegoro HD. Gangguan Komunikasi dan bicara pada anak dengan perhatian khusus
pada autisme. Simposium : Gangguan bicara pada anak, khususnya anak autisme; 2002;
Jakarta. RS Fatmawati dan IDI JakSel; 2002.
30. Needlman RD. Growth and Dveloment. In: Behrman RE, Kliegman RM, Jenson HB,
editors. Nelson textbook of Pediatrics. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2004. p. 23-35.
31. Guyton AC, Hall JE. Cerebral Cortex, Intellectual Functions of the Brain, Learning and
Memory. 11 ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2006.
32. Markum A. Gangguan Perkembangan Berbahasa. In: Markum, Ismael S, Alatas H,
Firmansyah A, Sastroasmoro S, editors. Buku Ajar Ilmu Kesehatan Anak. Jakarta: Balai
Penerbit FK-UI; 1991.
33. Virginia W, Meredith G. Gangguan bicara dan bahasa. In: Boeis, editor. Buku Ajar
Penyakit Telinga, Hidung Tenggorok. 6 ed. Jakarta: EGC; 1997. p. 397-420.
34. Kaplan. Gangguan Komunikasi. In: Wiguna IM, editor. Sinopsis Psikiatri. Jakarta:
Binarupa Aksara; 1997.
35. Hall DMB, Hugh J. Disorders of Communication. The Child with a Handicap. London:
Blackwell Scientific Publication; 1984. p. 237-68.
36. Departemen Kesehatan RI. Pedoman gangguan penatalaksanaan stimulasi, deteksi dan
intervensi dini tumbuh kembang anak di tingkat pelayanan kesehatan dasar. Jakarta:
Direktoral Jenderal Pembinaan Kesehatan Masyarakat DepKes RI; 2005.
37. Owens RE. The Territory. In: Owens RE, editor. Language Development : An
Introduction. 5 ed. New York: Allyn & Bacon; 2001. p. 2-27.
38. Paul R, Norbury C. Models of Child Language Disorder. In: Paul R, editor. Language
Disorders from infancy through adolescence. 3 ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2007.
p. 5.
39. Rahyono FX. Pesona Bahasa Langkah Awal Memahami Linguistik. Kurhayanti, editor.
Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama Jakarta; 2007.
40. Coplan J. Normal speech and language development. Pediatric in Review. 1995:91-9.
41. Lundsteen SW, Tarrow NB. Guiding young children's learning. New York: Mc Graw
Hill; 1981.
42. Bzoch KR, League R, Brown VL. Receptive-Expressive Emergent Language Test Third
Edition (REEL-3). Austin: Pro-ed; 2003.
43. Blum NJ, Baron MA. Speech and Language Disorders. In: Schwartz MW, editor.
Pediatric Primary Care : A problem oriented approach. St. Louis: Mosby; 1997. p. 845-9.
44. Fadlyana E, dkk. Pola Keterlambatan Perkembangan Balita di daerah Pedesaan dan
Perkotaan Bandung, serta Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhinya. Sari Pediatri.
2003;4(4):168-75.
45. Fox AV, Dodd B, Howard D. Risk factors for speech disorders in children. International
Journal of Language & Communication Disorders. 2002;37(2):117-31.
46. Delgado CEF, Vagi SJ, Scott KG. Early Risk Factors for Speech and Language
Impairments. Exceptionality. 2005;13(3):173-91.
47. Bishop. Genetic and environmental risks for specific language impairment in children.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2001;356(1407):369-80.
48. Hayiou-Thomas. Genetic and environmental influences on early speech, language and
literacy development. J Commun Disord. 2008;41(5):397-408.
49. Liaw F-r, Brooks-Gunn J. Cumulative familial risks and low-birthweight children's
cognitive and behavioral development. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology
1994;23(4):360-72.
50. Bishop DV. The role of genes in the etiology of specific language impairment. J Commun
Disord. 2002; 35(4):311-28.
51. Feldman HM. Evaluation and Management of Speech and Language Disorders in
Preschool Children. Pediatrics In Review. 2005;26(4):131-42.
52. Pranindyo K. Wicara pada Usia Perkembangan dan Permasalahannya. Jakarta: IKATWI;
2009.
53. Harty M, Alant E, Uys CJE. Maternal self-efficacy and maternal perception of child
language competence in pre-school children with a communication disability. Child:
Care, Health and Development. 2007;33(2):144-54.
54. Pickstone C, Hannon P, Fox L. Surveying and screening preschool language development
in community-focused intervention programmes: a review of instruments. Child Care
Health Dev. 2002;28(3):251-64.
55. Glascoe F. Developmental Screening. In: Parker S, Zuckerman B, Augustyn M, editors.
Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics. Philadelphia: William and Wilkins; 2005. p.
41-50.
56. Coplan J. Language Delays. In: Parker SJ, Zuckerman BS, Augustyn MC, editors.
Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics:. 2 ed. Phladelphia: Lippincott Williams &
Wilkins; 2005. p. 222-26.
57. Aylward GP. Practitioner's Guide to Developmental and Psychological Testing. New
York: Plenum Publishing Corporation; 1994.
58. Coplan J. Early Language Milestone Scale : Examiner's Manual. 2 ed. Austin: Pro-ed;
1993.
59. Coplan J. Early Language Milestone Scale. In: Parker S, Zuckerman B, Augustyn M,
editors. Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics. Philadelphia: Williams and Wilkins;
2005. p. 439-42.

1. Soetjiningsih, & Ranuh, G. (2014). Tumbuh kembang anak. Jakarta: EGC.