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May 2018
Volume 37, Number 4
Disbursements $1069.63
January 31, 2018 Closing Balance $5600.73
February 1, 2018 Opening Balance $5600.73
Receipts $ 0.00
Disbursements $806.48
February 28, 2018 Closing Balance $4794.25
Crayons to Classroom $365.00
Report was filed for audit.
The 2018-2019 budget was presented and approved. Malala Yousafzai Rosalind Franklin
Women Heroes
If you missed the March meeting, you NASA's male astronauts and became curi- testing, consisting of an isolation tank test
missed a great presentation inspired by ous to know how women would do taking and psychological evaluations.
Women’s History Month. The program the same tests. In 1960, Lovelace in- Sex discrimination
was coordinated by Cathy Sweny and also vited Geraldyn "Jerrie" Cobb to undergo
John Glenn and Scott Carpenter testified
included presentations by Sue Ayers and the same rigorous challenges as the men.
that under NASA's selection criteria
Jeanne Brandt. Cobb, already an accomplished pilot, be- women could not qualify as astronaut can-
Cathy Sweny shared the following informa- came the first American woman (and the didates. Glenn also believed that "The fact
tion. only one of the Mercury 13) to undergo that women are not in this field is a fact of
Malala Yousafzai is a Pakistani education and pass all three phases of testing. Love- our social order." They correctly stated that
advocate who, at the age of 17, became the lace and Cobb recruited 19 more women to NASA required all astronauts to be gradu-
youngest person to win the Nobel Peace take the tests, financed by the husband of ates of military jet test piloting programs
Prize after surviving an assassination at- world-renowned aviator Jacqueline Coch- and have engineering degrees, although
tempt by the Taliban. Born on July 12, ran. Thirteen of the women passed the John Glenn conceded that he had been
1997, Yousafzai became an advocate for same tests as the Mercury 7. Some were assigned to NASA's Mercury Project with-
girls' education when she herself was still a disqualified due to brain or heart anoma- out having earned the required college de-
child. She blogged for the BBC when she lies. The results were announced at a con- gree.[5] In 1962, women were still barred
was 11 which resulted in the Taliban issu- ference in Stockholm, Sweden. from Air Force training schools, so no
ing a death threat against her. On October Candidate background American women could become test pilots
9, 2012, a gunman shot Malala when she All of the candidates were accomplished of military jets. Despite the fact that several
was traveling home from school. She sur- pilots; Lovelace and Cobb reviewed the of the Mercury 13 had been employed as
vived and has continued to speak out on records of over 700 women pilots in order civilian test pilots, and many had considera-
the importance of education. In 2013, she to select candidates, and did not invite bly more propeller aircraft flying time than
gave a speech to the United Nations and anyone with less than 1,000 hours the male astronaut candidates (although
published her first book, I Am Malala. In of flight experience. not in high-performance jets, like the men),
2014, she won the Nobel Peace Prize. NASA refused to consider granting an
In the end, thirteen women passed the
Rosalind Franklin, a British biophysicist same Phase I physical examinations that equivalency for their hours in propeller
who also studied DNA. Her data were airplanes.[6] Although some members of
the Lovelace Foundation had developed as
critical to Crick and Watson's work. But it part of NASA’s astronaut selection proc- the Subcommittee were sympathetic to the
turns out that Franklin would not have women's arguments, because of this dispar-
ess. Those thirteen women were:
been eligible for the prize—she had passed ity in experience no action resulted.
Myrtle Cagle, Jerrie Cobb, Janet
away four years before Watson, Crick, and *****
Dietrich[3], Marion Dietrich[3],
Wilkins received the prize, and the Nobel is Cathy also shared a letter from Jan Brasier
Wally Funk, Sarah Gorelick (later
never awarded posthumously. But even if about her hero. Her daughter, Susan re-
Ratley), Jane "Janey" Hart (née
she had been alive, she may still have been
Briggs), Jean Hixson, Rhea Hurrle ceived her law degree from UD and
overlooked. Like many women scientists,
(later Allison, then Woltman), Gene worked for Lee Faulk. In 2008 she re-
Franklin was robbed of recognition ceived the Justice and Peace award. She
Nora Stumbough (later Jessen),
throughout her career later attended the Princeton Theology
Irene Leverton, Jerri Sloan (née
Mercury 13 Thirteen women who were Hamilton, later Truhill), Bernice Seminary to become a pastor. On top of
selected to take all the same training and Steadman (née Trimble) all that she is the mother of three success-
tests as the men. ful sons.
Additional tests
William Randolph Lovelace II, former
A few women took additional tests. Jerrie
Flight Surgeon and later, chairman of the
Cobb, Rhea Hurrle, and Wally Funk went
NASA Special Advisory Committee on
to Oklahoma City, Oklahoma for Phase II
Life Science, helped develop the tests for Continued on page 4
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