Running Head: LITERATURE REVIEW

How does the advancement of new technology enhance criminal investigation?

[Name of the Student]
[Date]
 Literature Review 2

Table of Contents

Big Data.....................................................................................................................................3
Identification Systems................................................................................................................3
Pre Crime Technologies.............................................................................................................5
Enhanced Officer Protection......................................................................................................5
Enhancement of Criminal System..............................................................................................5
References..................................................................................................................................7
 Literature Review 3

How does the advancement of new technology enhance criminal investigation?

As technology is used to gradually curb modern crime, law enforcement and judicial
authorities are gradually using technological tools to fight crime. In order for human life to be
open and safe, it is important that the criminal industry uses the latest software based on the
structure and that the sky is the limit from there (Isafiade et al., 2016). People who are
currently investigating criminal justice are characterised by rescue technology. Here are some
of the energy technologies that play an important role in criminal justice today (Coaffee et al.,
2019).

Big Data
According to IBM, large amounts of data are an important part of every sector, since
the world produces 2.5 trillion bytes of data every day. The scope of criminal justice data
helps legal professionals in a number of ways. For example, DNA and fingerprints can be
stored in databases and used to identify suspects more quickly. This data can also help
legitimise the detection of criminal patterns and the proper execution of actions (Obama,
2016). FBI director Christopher Wray commented on the Uniform Crime Reporting
Program's "Crime in the United States, 2016" report and urged law enforcement agencies to
contact the “National Event Reporting System (NIBRS)”. This facility was designed to
provide simplicity and a clearer view of crime in the United States through full disclosure.
The U.S. Department of Justice is also recording some crime data that is also available on the
crime network (Faust and Tita, 2019).

Identification Systems
The development of large amounts of data has also fueled the rapid detection
framework, which allows law enforcement officers to quickly investigate people's crime
stories through the required investigation. Persons who were arrested while driving without a
license can be identified immediately by looking at the computer in the vehicle. The FBI's
Next Generation Identification Framework (NGI) uses biometric data, including fingerprints;
fingerprints, iris recognition, and facial recognition, to coordinate people with their crime
story data (Stratton et al., 2017). Current NGI technologies are constantly updated and new
 Literature Review 4

ones added to make NGI the most comprehensive approach for collecting modern data in a
controlled person (Obama, 2016). Law enforcement agencies can now use the technology to
identify and understand the criminal activity that occurred at the time. Instead of responding,
these technologies are increasingly taking legal precautions. Some detection, verification, and
location technologies that aid law enforcement include: Drones: If the police need an ethereal
view of the scene, vending machines can help enforce the area's lawful surveillance law.
Global Positioning Systems (“GPS”): “GPS” not only encourages law enforcement to reach
the crime scene easily or to find more criminals (Fikiet et al., 2018). It also helps departments
improve police control, since police intervention cards can provide coverage in multiple
areas. The combination of “GPS” with other police facilities helps to gradually increase the
performance of the data, since the area management remembers it perfectly for advertising
purposes (Faust and Tita, 2019). Shooting technology: The shooting technology recognises
the shooting and offers the police direct access to the shooting range maps as well as data on
the number of available snipers and the number of shots fired. The “Chicago Police
Department” has had success in salvage technology as the number of shootings and murders
in some locations decreased by 20% from 2016 to 2017.
With automatic tag verification technology, law enforcement can quickly check if a
vehicle has been picked up near you or if there is a request for a driver. The New Jersey
Police Department, Camden, uses tag readers to locate vehicles that were part of the drug
trade. This emerges from a report of the Future Trends in Police by the United States Police
Research Forum. Security cameras - Security cameras can record situations in a specific area
and provide important information to law enforcement agencies (Faust and Tita, 2019). In
summary, surveillance devices can help police departments gradually provide comprehensive
information.
The idea of conquering a house is the same as always, but innovative developments
make it a gradually useful alternative. Since criminals are prosecuted for crimes and pose
almost no risk to the network, using electronic verification tools to help them enforce the
discipline at home has some advantages. While some argue that home punishment does not
discourage criminal behavior to a similar extent to prison, it can be more beneficial to
society, so lower-level criminals are not in prison (Faust and Tita, 2019). Instead, a visual
and audible timeline and other technological solutions can save them from prison and
ultimately save them money from the web by exposing them to constant and serious
monitoring by “GPS” controls (Isafiade et al., 2016).
 Literature Review 5

Pre Crime Technologies

The most ideal approach to fighting crime is to definitely avoid it, and technology is
at the forefront of crime prevention. Again, artificial intelligence devices and horrific
research that use large amounts of data are critical to building clubs that can stop crime under
tight control, but the police also use other devices at work. In Chicago, police use
“shotSpotter” technology to triangulate data to determine a specific shooting range.
Integrating this data into index detection technology makes it easier for the police to monitor
clocks in frightening areas and examine hits. Face detection technology also plays a key role
in the fight against crime (Stratton et al., 2017). Law enforcement officers have used facial
recognition at every opportunity to differentiate, for example, people who have committed a
crime by comparing their faces to a database of a large number of known criminals. In
addition, U.S. reconnaissance patrol experts use sensor technology as a sideways observation
to assess physical and mental practices and decide whether people can enter the country for
harmful purposes. These technologies are designed to prevent crime only, and we're probably
looking for a slightly higher tone for these devices (Coaffee et al., 2019).

Enhanced Officer Protection

The technology is used in a different way for all safer officials. One of the app's most
impressive discoveries is the improvement of the advanced "Smart Belt". The belt worn by
officials at work protects the growth and position of the officials and therefore warns of
difficulties with reinforcement or deployment when this is important (Fikiet et al., 2018). The
office itself is increasingly using a more advanced facility to collect and analyze current data,
thereby improving the well-being of call correspondents (Isafiade et al., 2016). Other devices
that improve police security include vending machines, mechanical cameras, and small robots
that can be used in dangerous situations. These robots can be used, for example, to monitor
dangerous scenes or to recognise dangers (Faust and Tita, 2019).

Enhancement of Criminal System

Sensor technologies improve the type of criminal data. An excellent test for dealing
with a crime is that we think of a criminal accident when you think of the police, and maybe
we know if someone continues to offend you. Since advertising costs and freedom are often
very low, this can be a big deal (Coaffee et al., 2019).The constant monitoring of
technologies that provide more objective and complete data. One of the models are the
 Literature Review 6

acoustic discharge sensors, which are mainly offered by ShotSpotter. These sensors detect the
sound of gunshots in a specific area and triangulate the section area (with exact latitude and
longitude) that is quickly sent to the police so that they can quickly reach the location
(Stratton et al., 2017).
This can have many benefits that have not been tested before. The thing that is
definitely going well is creating a single record that keeps the whole world of film in a safe
area. This data is extremely useful for professionals like me who need to investigate the
effects of mediation on gun hardness, especially since 911 does not explain most of the city
shootings (Obama, 2016). Unfortunately, this leads to a problem. I agree: In the vast majority
of the 90 urban areas in which ShotSpotter operates, the data generated is created within the
company and not for the residents of the area. This means that they are not open files and
cannot be forwarded to the network, authors or scientists. (However, the company wants to
sell the data for which it is misleading.) New data is important, if available, so that
neighboring governments can then request data on their contracts with technology companies
(Fikiet et al., 2018).
Imagine that instead of sending the accused criminals to prison, we condemn them to
an important observation at home: cameras, sound measurements, “GPS” controls, blood
level indicators, etc. Depending on the crime (and the threat to the network), they can go
home go to work or study or visit their children (Isafiade et al., 2016). One can imagine that
this type of discipline could have a minor impact on an obstacle in prison if the main
punishment for looting from 7 to 11 is that, for example, you are forced to sit in a chair and
Netflix for several months to watch. However, we will tighten again so that we can
understand something. In addition, there is growing evidence that detention has a criminal
impact on low-ranking criminals, so this could be a particularly decent option for this
population. Kleiman's fingerprint was an adaptation of this innovative future, emphasising
that monitoring devices allow us to easily identify the monitoring measure to meet a person's
needs and slowly move it backwards to prepare for abortion (Faust and Tita, 2019).
 Literature Review 7

References
Coaffee, J., de Vries, A. and Hadjimatheou, K., 2019. Enhancing public security through use
of social media. European Law Enforcement Research Bulletin, (18), pp.11-24.
Faust, K. and Tita, G.E., 2019. Social networks and crime: Pitfalls and promises for
advancing the field. Annual Review of Criminology, 2, pp.99-122.
Fikiet, M.A., Khandasammy, S.R., Mistek, E., Ahmed, Y., Halámková, L., Bueno, J. and
Lednev, I.K., 2018. Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy: A review of recent
applications in forensic science. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and
Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 197, pp.255-260.
Isafiade, O.E., Bagula, A. and Berman, S., 2016. On the Advancement of Using Data Mining
for Crime Situation Recognition: A Comparative Review. In Data Mining Trends and
Applications in Criminal Science and Investigations (pp. 1-31). IGI Global.
Obama, B., 2016. The President's Role in Advancing Criminal Justice Reform. Harv. L.
Rev., 130, p.811.
Stratton, G., Powell, A. and Cameron, R., 2017. Crime and justice in digital society: Towards
a ‘digital criminology’?. International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social
Democracy, 6(2), p.17.