Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Adaptive Reuse Ultim
Adaptive Reuse Ultim
reuse of interior spaces within heritage buildings
Marina Joldes, Bogdan Demetrescu2,
Affiliation Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Politehnica University of Timisoara, Romania1,2,
joldes.marina@yahoo.com1; b.demetrescu@gmail.com2
ABSTRACT
Keywords: adaptive reuse, conservation, adaptability, heritage, interior design/architecture
1 INTRODUCTION 2 HISTORIC SURVEY
This article presents the concept of adaptable The phenomenon it describes however is way
reuse of historical buildings by transforming the from new. During the Renaissance, for instance
interiors into adaptable spaces with different monuments from ancient times were often
functions. On this perspective reused buildings transformed for new functions, and materials
merge the values of the construction and of form these buildings were used in the
subsequent adaptations to the new function. construction of 18th century buildings. During
Evaluation of the adaptive reuse process the French Revolution, churches proprieties
relates to the capacity to feature replacement, have been confiscated and after that adapted
understanding the prevailing significance of for industrial functions and military uses. [3]
the building and the capacity of reusability that These generally ‘pragmatic’ interventions
the intervention achieves. The processes to attended to occur outside any notion of what
repair and restore existing buildings for
it may call today ‘heritage preservation’. The
continued use has become increasingly more
and more important in contemporary drive force behind them tended to be purely
architectural practice. The explanations for this functional and financial.
are multiple and include the contemporary More theoretical discussions on adaptive reuse,
world’s understanding the necessity for as a method to preserve historic monuments,
sustainable development models. The present started only in the 19th century when it quickly
economic situation develops a need for cheaper became a debate split between two opposing
physical architecture and an increasing perspectives.
awareness of the advantages of retaining our One theory is known as ‘restoration movement’
architectural heritage. This term of adaptive led by Eugène Emmanuel Viollet‐le‐Duc (1814‐
reuse, although not fully established within the
79) in France, while the opposite movement is
minds of individuals involved within the design
and restoration industries. It is practical and known as the ‘conservation movement’ led by
helpful most obviously on changing the John Ruskin (1819‐1900) and William Morris
function of buildings reported to the actual (1834‐96) in England. This debate has
needs of the economies and societies that developed over the last century and a half
originally gave it birth and help to emerge. [1] however as different theories. Conservationists
and designers have defined an approach to
dealing with existing buildings.
In present, the methods and ideas on what
adaptive reuse actually is are multiple than in
the time of Viollet‐le‐Duc and Ruskin. Indeed,
now the term embodies a field of academical and
practical activity that operates at the interface
of architecture, interior design, conservation and
planning. It is a challenge that is propelled by
economic, ecological, cultural, social and
political concerns, but also a phenomenon
whose terms of debate are still evolving. [4]
The 1970s can be seen as the historical moment
in which the notion of “adaptive re‐use” came to
establish itself as a creative specialty with its own
right with a philosophy and theoretical
Fig 1‐ Economic life of a building; The economic
knowledge behind it. [5]
value evolution after an adaptation [2]
buildings which he considers that can be reuse
with new functions He wrote a second book in
1989 which was similar with the first one, but this
one was focused on only six typologies which he
subdivided into several building types. In this are
included: public buildings, private buildings,
commercial buildings, industrial buildings,
ecclesiastical buildings and rural buildings [7]
Douglas James is an author who has also
structured part of his extensive work on building
Fig 2‐ Public library, Lonate Ceppino, DAP Studio [6] adaptation according to the typology of the host
space and although the variety of building types.
3 DIFFRENT APPROACHES AND VIEWPOINTS OF For each typology he discusses, he also proposes
ADAPTING NEW FUNCTIONS IN THE a number of possible new functions. [8]
INTERIOR SPACE OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS These typologies are useful because they offer a
practical understanding of the relationship
In these days it happens very often that old between a typology, its form and the range of
buildings which were built to serve with a activities it is capable of housing.
specific function, lose their importance.
Historical buildings are vulnerable to negligence,
deterioration and eventually demolition.
In order to conserve a heritage building, structure
or site the solution is to use it for a new function.
Adaptive reuse aims are to develop new uses
for this type of buildings. Beginning with 70’s,
concept of reuse building was studied and put
in practice.
The term of adaptive building puts in discussion
the capacity of a building to be responsive,
open to changes and capable for an operative
role; over the time buildings have been Fig 3‐ Hugh Broughton Arhitects,The Painted Hall, London
redesign in order to host different functions so [9]
they are able to accept a lot of adaptations. The Technical approach
conversion usually needs some element of new
work, but this work should be briefed by an
understanding and analysis over the heritage Other approaches, different of Cantacuzino
building’s significance, character and quality. theories, consider that the building adaptation is
The concept that results is a design concept more technical than theoretical.
which creates a strong link between the heritage Highfield makes a difference between domestic
and the new work. There are some and non‐domestic buildings and developed a
strategies/approaches in adaptive reuse process technical chapter in which he discusses how the
that can be useful in finding the right solution buildings can be improved in terms of fire
for the interior design project within historical resistance, thermal performance, acoustic
buildings. properties, prevention of damp, condensation
and timber decay. [10]
Typological approach Ecological issues have imposed technical
challenges to architects work in order to relate to
Architect Sherban Cantacuzino was a existing buildings. In principal, it is a sustainable
pioneering researcher into adaptive reuse in the practice itself, a reuse of an old construction
1970s. He writes the book “New uses for old requires less resources than a new building.
buildings” in 1975 about different typologies of
These discussions have automatically come in
the theory and practice of re‐use concept in
recent years. The importance of adaptive reuse
for the present and the future is very important
and must mix the technical approach and
typological approach, for the consideration of
conservation of the heritage or what we may
call the genius loci of the building.
Fig 5‐ Tower Automotive Building,Museum of Contemporany
Art, Alliance architects [13]
Strategic approach
Remodeling a building needs to take into
consideration a series of metaphors and meanings
in order to suggest different possible ways of
thinking. Remodeling of heritage building is not
restricted to the production of form or function
like the cases discussed so far, but rather that the
historical value of the past and the way the
Fig 4‐ Vlad Sebastian Rusu B.I.A, The reconstruction and architect manage with it, should be considered an
adaptive reuse of Cultural Palace from Blaj [11] important concept. At the beginning these
‘artistic’ ideas did not initially receive much credit,
Programmatic approach but consideration of this idea changes in 1989
when French architect and writer Robert de Pious
explain the concept of conversion using poetic and
Programmatic approach has been fully
examined in the theoretical concept and was philosophical concepts. Robert presents seven
applied in reality for some time. This approach is “concepts of conversion”. [14]
He examines categories of existent in a number of
based on the choice of a specific function or
historical and contemporary exemples. This
program and then adapting the host building in
order to accommodate it. This type of approach concept was developed by Brooker and Stone,
is more appropriate into relatively new buildings inspired by Robert de Pious ideas. They determine
different design concepts for building reuse by
rather than ones that require special attention
looking at exemplary case studies. They operate
like the buildings with heritage value. [12]
with three strategies:” 1. operation, 2. addition;
Nowadays a lot of historical buildings are
adapted for new function like retail, sport, 3. installation”. [15]
Their strategy is represented by physical
relaxation and other modern function. In this
intervention but their main attention is on the
case the adaptive‐reuse approach must be
oriented towards these historical buildings poetic aspect of each adaptation; by using one of
the proposed strategies, they sustain, that the
because a lot of real estate developers look for
meaning of the building can be either accepted,
this type of building. The main reason is their
reused or suppressed. Even if these approaches
authentic character.
are unique there is still one common thing, all the
It is very important to be able to adept building
writers that approach this subject were architects.
to different architectural programs because in
Starting with Viollet‐le‐Duc and John Ruskin up to
this way the old buildings can be active and
Cantacuzino and Rodolpho Machado, all coming
useful for the people. If this approach differs
from an architectural background. Adaptive‐reuse
from the previous two because it is more
concept is also in a strong relation with interior of
focused on the social aspects of reuse concept it
the building.
still does not address the poetic potential of
adaptive re‐use.
In this decade however it starts a movement on The mediation between the old buildings and new
reuse concept represented by interior architects interventions must be done by respecting in the
and designers. One example is Brooker and work the old and providing inspiration for the new.
Stone, another is Klingenberg. In their book with Even if there are a lot of good examples of heritage
an expressive name “What is Interior Design”? building that have been adapted, al lot of
Brooker and Stone state: “Interior architecture, specialists consider that too much historic
interior design, interior decoration, and building character is being lost.
reuse are very closely linked subjects, all of which
deal, in varying degrees, with the transformation Preservation strategies
of a given space, whether that is the crumbling
ruin of an ancient buildings or the drawn In the recent period of time a lot of speculation
parameters of a new building proposal.” [16] about uncontrolled uses of resources in building
An increase interest from interior designers is sector become more and more present in the
welcomed. In this way they can introduce the architectural interior practice.
New strategies are based on using new materials
sensibilities of the ‘interior thinker’ into the
and techniques. A new direction sustains the
equation on adaptive re‐use concept. In present concept of reusing the old buildings, to activate
days it can be considered that this is the fifth them for new functions. Old buildings are usually
contemporary approach. This type of approach is considered in danger and they are associated with
necessary and useful to preserve and reuse the idea of preservation and rescuing. In process
heritage buildings. In this way it would balance to preserve a building it is necessary to ensure two
more on the “soft values” of the interior designer. important things: to be occupied and to be active.
It would be able to draw the sublime line A good strategy can be adaptive reuse of the
between conversion and poetry and establish buildings, this type of preservation is a growing
practice and it generate cultural debate and
notions of empathy and generosity in projects
discussions more and more in the recent years.
with existing buildings and their adaption to the Different strategies, tools and approaches were
needs and sensibilities of new users. This strategy studied and developed.
combines all four type of approaches: typological, A strategy can be adapted according to specific
technical, programmatic and strategic by adding characteristics of the building that needs to be
sensitivity. protected, material features or symbolic
Some of these authors consider that is necessary meanings.
to retain a sense of the historic interior in In today practice intervention on existing spaces
adaptations, not just by architecture but also need to establish the relation with the existing, in
through own genius loci of the building which can this way the concept of re‐using an existing
building to accommodate new functions meanings
be called the spirit of the interior space. It is and activities can be developed.
believed that the next step in development of In the last decade interior architecture represents
adaptive re‐use concept is the understanding of a fundamental discipline in the preservation
the interiors and its poetic values. process, being able to develop concepts of build
not only physical connections between spaces,
people and objects.
“The tools and methods of this discipline are able
to create connections to the social context, to
promote social innovation, to raise awareness
about values and beliefs and to question the
borders of established ways of living, working and
consuming.
In this perspective, reuse implies a context; to build
on buildings, to consider the transformation
process as a palimpsest where layers are added
and merged with previous ones.” [18]
Fig 6‐ Studio Cecilio de,Aires Mateus,Portugal [17]
Timescales and updates To live is to leave traces
Christian Norberg‐Schulz is a Norwegian architect Every decade has to face challenges that influence
that introduced for the first time the term of the way of living and also the build environment.
“genius loci” [19]. He considers that the main Europe have experiencing multiple social and
purpose of immaterial experience in architecture economic changes in this decade which inevitable
is the relation with the context. encouraged the reuse of existing buildings for new
A building has a well define identity and occupies functions.
a specific position. The context creates a border, Buildings, even with a high symbolic importance,
not just consider the physical aspects but also were built and then become uninhibitedly over
social, political and economic aspects. Every time. To improve this situation occupation needs
building has its own time‐specifications, as it has changed, to allow a continuous reuse of the space.
been projected and built. Richard Sennett argues that “from the 18th
There are situations when lifespan of specific century we moved from the concept of wholeness
historical buildings is longer that the initial to the one of integrity this shift has modified our
purpose for which they were built so in this case perception of the building environment ‘from
buildings need to be updated to answer to social structures which extended an existing continuum
and to economic changes. of urban fabric to discrete objects, objects with an
The idea of a continuous time‐specific built integrity which would be destroyed by change or
environment links with the concept of grades of addition.” [22]
reusability: adapt and readapt a building as a Reflection on the opportunities to reuse a heritage
time‐specific usable let us to conceive of it as with immaterial values has encourage aged
flexible and multifunctional. thinking on the overall topic of preservation.
The idea that built environment is invariable and Introducing time as a key ingredient, an approach
permanent, as witness to historical period to heritage should encourage the acceptance of
opposite with two important aspects. The first further modifications.
aspect relates to the facts that our society is into Every consecutive adaptation adds a new layer of
continues change in term of political, social, sense to the existing significance and emphasizes
economic and demographics and a building need the idea that buildings are valuable as ‘memory
to overcoming to these conditions in its way to spaces’ and cultural experiences more than as
remain active and economically sustainable. integral entities.
“An architecture of time incorporates not just Relationships and equilibrium between the
present or sensory and mental experiences, but previous and the new intervention depend on the
makes present instants in past or future times; to cultural values taken into consideration. The
create an eternal and real present by questions raised on adaptive reuse of Heritage
remembering the past and making the future of with symbolic value focus on the significance of
the architecture become the basis for a the inherited object and the impact that
continuous time experience”. [20] interventions have on it.
The second aspect put in discussion the value and
the importance of the cultural experience. These
attributes can be described through preserved
materiality of the site. In this situation
architecture can’t be dissociated from the
interior of the building and that changes to
different contexts and periods of time.
“Architecture is not simply about space and
form, but also about event, action and what
happens in space […] architecture cannot be
dissociated from the events that happen in it […]
event is an incident, an occurrence, [...] events Fig 7‐ Hugh Broughton Architects,
can encompass particular uses, singular The Painted Hall,London [9]
functions or isolated activities.” [21]
Grade(s) of reusability 4. EXEMPLE STUDY
Opportunities and strategies for adapting the Example studied is the Serbian Episcopal Palace in
(historical) built heritage depend on many Timisoara. Carrying out analysis from the
different factors that are partly cultural and partly perspective of the theoretical approaches and
structural, acting as constraints or opportunities strategies presented in this article. It is very
in the reuse process: the form and structure, the
important to define the theoretical approaches so
historical and contextual meanings, the
sustainability opportunity. that subsequently develops an intervention
Time operates as a factor that can either weaken concept adapted to the characteristics of the
or strengthen the building’s characteristics: on building.
one hand it buildings are damaged from everyday
use, decelerates its social utility, negatively Historical context
affects its economic life; on the other hand it
transforms the particularity and the historical Episcopal Palace in located in Unirii Square and it
qualities into values, activating opportunities for is one of the monumntal building of the city. In the
preservation and reuse. A building may have
beginning of the 18th century on the actual site
played different roles at different times, not only
in terms of occupation but also as a reference for was an old wooden church called Sf.Gheorghe
the community with regard to its role as a site of Church wich burnt in 1728. The new building was
significance, remembrance and commemoration. built between 1744‐1747 to be the episcopal
As a consequence, it could be said that an initial residence and the headquarters of the Rascian
grade of reusability of the building is set by law. school. They use Austrian Baroque as architectural
The debate around the opportunity to reuse a style. Currently, its is used to hosts the steering
building has focused mainly on function, committee of the Serbian Parish.
concentrating on the slippery territory of the After the hierarchical separation between
identification of the compatible functions while
Romanian Orthodox Church and the Serbian one,
very little attention has been given to its
immaterial legacies, disconnected from the the palace reverted to the Serbian Orthodox
sphere of economics and thus difficult to diocese, and after the First World War, Orthodox
evaluate. In that regard a number of buildings Serbs in Romanian Banat were led by hierarchs‐
have faced musealization as a neutral choice, able administrators appointed by the Serbian Orthodox
to keep the narrative alive with very little Church, with the consent of the Romanian state.
intervention; in many cases that choice, being Between 1905 and 1906, the façade was
unable to direct activity and occupancy, has led remodeled by the architect László Székely, but the
to further ageing of the building. original plans of the palace are still preserved in
“The way we read and understand the stratified
the diocesan archives. New decorative elements,
meanings embedded or interpret and intervene
through adaptations affects not only the current specific to Serbian architecture, were added to the
building, but also the future grade of reusability. facade in 1911.
The intervention can be temporary or reversible, A new restoration took place in 1983, along with
in order not to affect future decisions, or decide to all the other buildings in the square. The last
what extent to allow the existing to play an active intervention was recently and involved the
role.” [23] restoration of the facades and the interiors of the
building.
Typological aprroach
From the typological point of view, the building is
part of historical heritage buildings, being one of
the oldest buildings in Unirii Square.
The main part of the building is oriented towards
Fig 8‐ Unirii Square buildings[24] Unirii Square, which is an important space for
social and economic activities. functions can be adapted in the interior space. The
Its location on the plot is strategical because the free height of ceiling is generous over 3.5 m. The
building becomes an important object in the width of the corridors is over 1.5 m comply with
urban context having an important exposure. The the requirements.
Due to the fact that the Episcopal Palace is a
building has three accesses one from each street.
building of great historical importance, the fire
Due to the limitations in terms of land area, the protection is very important. The floors are made
functions within the building are arranged of a wooden structure but are protected by
according to their importance. On the ground concrete so they will not allow the flames to be
floor are the bishop offices and public food extended to the upper floor. The building has 3
spaces due to the accessibility and the large staircase emergency exists that can be used for
number of people who pass through the streets. evacuation in case of fire. They are appropriately
The main hall is arranged towards str. Gheorghe sized, at least 1.20 m, and have two discharge
Lazar respectively Emanoil Ungureanu. flows according to P118‐99. The building does not
contain combustible materials such as polystyrene
The spaces inside are organized after their or mineral wool. Wood is a combustible material
importance as well after their necessity of natural and it is very present in the building, at the level of
light. The passage hall, the stair house, the the floor, the carpentry of the glass and the floor.
technical spaces and the sanitary groups are These elements require special treatment to be
disposed towards the yard. able to withstand fire safety. Finishes are well
In these days the spaces within Episcopal Palace maintained, the space has high free heights so a
are into a continues change of function because large volume of air is ensured, at the same time the
they are rented. In this way the typology of the spaces have large windows so a good ventilation of
the space is ensured.
building changed in time and made the building
The interventions focus on the elements that are
to be become a mixt–space typology building
related to the comfort of the people inside, as well
which is adapted to every need of the activities as the proper functioning of the activities in the
that function in its interior spaces. Social and interior space.
economic aspects influenced the change of the
building typology because only in this way the
building can function optimally and can be able
keep its historical character over time. Following
the typological analyze it can be seen that the
building is part of the public‐private heritage
building typology even if initially it was a private
building.
Due to the rich history, typology, location and the
typology of the interior space it can be reused and
changed into a multifunctional cultural space in
order to increase people's access and keep the Fig 9‐ Main hall, Serbian Episcopal [24]
building active.
It can be seen that there is currently parquet on
Technical approach the floor of the halls. This is an old one and
adapting to the new function requires changing it.
Currently the interiors of the Serbian Episcopal In order to keep the same spirit of the building, the
Palace are in a very good state of preservation as current parquet was replaced with a similar one.
a result of the interventions of rehabilitation on Along with this intervention, sockets have been
structure, facades and interior space. Considering installed at the floor level, placed according to the
the strength and stability of the building and new configurations.
considering the consolidation interventions that A ventilation and heating system has been
have taken place over time it can be consider that provided at the level of the walls, through radiant
the structure and stability of the building is in panels placed under the windows. In this way the
good parameters. Due to the fact that the radiators were removed and the aesthetics of the
resistance of the building is very good, new interior was improved.
It is important that the lighting mode can be This type of activity was implemented because in
changed. the space was used in a similar way and even in the
Existing luminaires will be retained, to which will present the owner has requested to use the space
be added a structure that includes different for cultural events.
lighting modes.
Interior space of the building can be reuse to
adept new function with minimal intervention on
building structure which mean a low budget. In
this case is more ecological and economical to
reuse the interiors space with new function than
to build a new building. On the other point of
view this operation will not affect the historical
and architectural character of the building.
Fig 11‐ Episcopal Orthodox Serbian palace, Gheorghe Lazar
street at the corner with Emanoil Ungureanu street [24]
Strategic approach
From the point of view of the representational role
in the urban context, the building was constituted
to be the administrative headquarters of the
Serbian Church and at the same time to represent
Fig 10‐ Secondary hall, Serbian Episcopal Palace [24] the Serbian community, an important community
in Banat.
Programmatic approach The building has a symbolic and architectural value
which make it one of the most iconic building in
Initially the building was represented the the city. In this context the intervention shouldn’t
Serbian Church in Banat. change the existing appearance because it is a
From a functional point of view, the palace had heritage building, these types of building are
an administrative role accommodating church considered monuments. The monuments remind
offices, meeting rooms, as well as people the history and past events in order to
accommodation spaces. Over time Serbian connect people with historical evolution. It is
population declined in number and the initial suitable to adept a new function and in this way to
function of the spaces changed in time and to attract more people to experience the real
adapt to the new social and economic reality. historical value of the building.
The new functions that the building adapts The intervention aims to create a connection
include on the ground floor public catering spaces between the significant old elements with new
that are rented, offices for the Episcopate of elements to strengthen people experience in the
Serbia, on the floor there is a museum and a room space. In order to emphasize these feelings of
that can be rented for various events or being surprised about the historical evidences it
conferences. was created an accent wall in order to uncover the
It can be observed that the role of the object from different successive layers of the plaster.
a functional point of view in the urban context Another concept that use poetry is the idea to
has changed over time from the administrative keep and refurbish existing elements because their
role to the building role with mixed functions. long presence in the space.
It is easy to observe that analyzing the building
from programmatic approach the interior space Preservation strategies
is flexible and can accommodate very easy new
functions. The proposed activities that will take The two important things that need to be
place on the first floor of the building is a ensured are to be occupied and to be active and
multifunctional cultural space. are the ones that determine the new function
that will be added to the space and also the Grade(s) of reusability
function will have its role in the way that
interventions will be made. The interventions Contemporary time is characterized by a hunger
focus on the elements that concern the comfort of continuous change and evolution. That is why
of the people inside, as well as the good the interior space is able to accommodate
function of the activities in the interior space. multiple functions. Fallowing the idea of
The strategy that has been developed by reusability, the intervention is able to be
studying the building history and context aspire reversible.
to enhance the historic value of the interior by
preserving all of the elements with historical 5. CONCLUSIONS
value like the woodwork, elements of
decorations, some of the chandeliers and a few Adaptive reuse, intended as a continuous process
pieces of furniture that have a long history and of using and reusing existing structures,
that were already in the space. The intervention environments and buildings it is considered the
in existing space uses the newest concepts in preservation strategy that allows heritage to play
interior design for creating connections an active role. The term reuse can be
between space, people and the objects that are misunderstood if focused on use in terms of
inside. In this way by adding new interventions, function and also by this process to preserves
but keeping the important historical elements it exiting buildings. By this way the heritage
creates a suitable space for cultural activities buildings remain or become active and their
and events. history is continued in time.
This type of spaces has the ability to create strong
Timescales and updates emotions to the users. Rather, opportunities for
reuse must be explored through investigating
The building expresses its long history even on how people use and relate to a space, both in
facade. The presence of Serbian and neoclassic terms of perception and identification. Reuse
elements defines the times that it has been implies the reinterpretation of places together
through. Simply by looking at the building it is with the ability to keep traces of a relationship to
easy to get a glimpse of the old times and its the past time frames. This characteristic is very
identity. In order to create an eternal and real important because a space without his history
present it is necessary to be able to remember become a tedious space which lost its symbolic
the past. That is why the interior even the values. Adaptive reuse is the process that can
exterior leaves a trace of the old layers. mediate the relationship with the past and its
different layered meanings. In current practice
To live is to leave traces dealing with strategy, business and politics,
interior architecture/design today invents new
frameworks that can engage, interpret and
foresee alternative processes of intervention.
Interior architecture/design, dealing with the
idea of reusing and reinterpreting the content,
and the significance of the existing heritage,
Fig 12‐ Main entry with the episcopal emblem above, becomes the preferred discipline– able to read,
Serbian Episcopal Ortodox Palace [24] decode and reveal/conceal visible and invisible,
tangible and intangible layers that live under the
Because the building has a significant symbolic skin of architecture. The project described is
value for Serbians and also for Romanians it responsible for constructing new interpretations,
needs to be preserved in a way that the interior narrating new stories, writing a new plot.
doesn’t lose the aesthetics inherited Due to the neutral choices in the arrangement of
throughout its life period. the interior spaces, the episcopal palace
appeared the phenomenon of musealization.
These interventions cannot lead the active lonate‐ceppino.html (last visit 15.03.2020)
maintenance and occupy a space. [7] Cantacuzino, S. (1975) New uses for old
Through the proposed intervention of buildings (London: Architectural press)
transforming the interior into multifunctional [8] Douglas, J. (2006) Building Adaptation
cultural spaces, a contextual context was (Oxford: Elsevier).
created for the development of activities and [9]Source:https://www.archdaily.com/914374/t
the permanent occupation of spaces. he‐painted‐hall‐hugh‐broughton‐architects (last
The history of this palace evolves and visit 15.03.2020)
interpolates with the history of the city. Taking [10] Highfield, D. (1987) The rehabilitation and
in consideration all these historical aspects the re‐use of old buildings (London & New York: Spon
palace become a symbol for the city. Press).
Any intervention to reuse his interior space [11]Source:https://www.uarbna.ro/2016/proiec
must be done by taking in consideration the te/130/ (last visit 15.03.2020)
approaches detailed in this article in order to [12] See: Powell, K. (1999) Architecture reborn.
have a successful intervention. Adapting these Converting old buildings for new uses (New York:
strategies, the history and the symbolism of the Rizzoli international publications)
space is preserved and also it is creating a new [13].Source:https://www.archdaily.com/914661/t
function for the space. In this way the palace ower‐automotive‐building‐museum‐of‐
building can become active again in the cultural contemporary‐architecture‐architectsalliance(last
life of the city. visit 15.03.2020)
[14] Robert, P., 1989. Adaptations. New Uses for
6. BIBLIOGRAPHY Old Buildings. Paris.p.20‐22
[15] Brooker, G. and Stone, S. (2004) Re‐readings.
[1]. Brooker, G. and Stone, S. (2004) Re‐readings. Interior architecture and the design principles of
Interior architecture and the design principles of remodeling existing buildings (London: RIBA
remodeling existing buildings (London: RIBA Enterprises). P.33‐34.
Enterprises). P.11 [16] Brooker, G. and Stone, S. (2010) What is
[2]. James Douglas, (2006) Building Adaptation interior design? (Mies: Rotovision).
(Heriot‐Watt University,Edinburgh,UK) p. 10 [17].Source:https://www.archdaily.com/920353
[3] Cunnington, P. (1988) Change of Use: the /atelier‐cecilio‐de‐sousa‐aires‐mateus (last visit
Conversion of Old Buildings (London: Alpha 15.03.2020)
Books). [18] Sennett, R., 1990. The conscience of the eye.
[4] Machado, R. (1976) Old buildings as New York.
palimpsest. Towards a theory of remodeling. [19] Norberg‐Schulz, C., 1980. Genius Loci:
Progressive Architecture. 11: p.46‐49; Markus, Towards a Phenomenology of Architecture. New
T. (1979) Building Conversion and York.
Rehabilitation (Lodon: Butterworth); Giebeler, [20] Quiros, L.D., MaKenzie, S., McMurray, D.,
G. 'Definitions', in J. Liese (ed.) Refurbishment 2011. Enric Miralles: Architecture of Time.
Manual: Maintenance, Conversions, Extensions [online]. Quirpa.
(Basel, Boston, Berlin: Birkenhauser, 2009) p. [21] Tschumi, B., 1981. The Manhattan
10‐15. Transcripts. London‐New York.
[5]. Plevoets, B. and Van Cleempoel, K. Adaptive [22] Sennett, R., 1990. The conscience of the eye.
Reuse as a Strategy towards Conservation of New York.
Cultural Heritage: a Literature Review,in [23] SalberPhillips, M.,2004.“Distance and
Structural Studies, Repairs and Maintenance Historical Representation”, in History Workshop
of Heritage Architecture XII C. Brebbia and Journal,57.123–141 Getty Conservation Institute,
Binda, L. (eds.) (2011, WITpress: Chianciano 1977) p. 319‐321.
Terme, Italy) p. 155‐164. [24] Own source (20.04.2020)
[6]Source:https://www.domusweb.it/en/archite
cture/2009/10/03/dap‐studio‐public‐library‐