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TOP UP TRAINING CENTER AND RESEARCH CONSULTANCY

COMMUNICABLE DISEASE NURSING

ERUPTIVE FEVERS
Condition MOT Hallmark Manifestations Complications Management
Measles Airborne 3Cs: Cough, Coryza, Conjunctivitis Pneumonia Symptomatic and
(Rubeola) Diarrhea supportive:
Enanthem: Koplik’s spots Eye infection - Vitamin A
Mouth sores (oral - Paracetamol
Exanthem: maculopapular rash ulcers) - Tetracycline ointment
(cephalocaudal distribution) - Gentian violet
German Droplet Enanthem: Forscheimer spots Fetal complications Symptomatic and supportive
Measles (micropcephaly, Gamma globulin within 72
(Rubella) Exanthem: maculopapular rash abortion, deafness, hours of exposure (for
(cephalocaudal distribution) CHD, etc.) pregnant women)
Chickenpox Airborne Exanthem: Vesiculopustular rash which Secondary bacterial Symptomatic and supportive
(Varicella are pruritic (centrifugal distribution) skin infection (from - Azyclovir (for shorter
zoster) scratched lesions) disease duration)
- Baking soda (pruritus and
drying of lesions)
Shingles After Exanthem: Vesiculopustular rash which Long-term pain Symptomatic and supportive
(Herpes previous are painful (nerve pathway) (neuralgia) - Pain relievers
zoster) varicella Blindness

RESPIRATORY DISORDERS
Condition Hallmark Manifestations Complications Management
Pseudo-membrane Myocarditis Penicillin; Erythromycin
Diphtheria
Bull-neck appearance
Forceful, successive Dehydration Erythromycin; Ampicillin
Pertussis cough with inspirational Hernias
whoop Increased ICP
Pleuritic pain Respiratory Penicillin antibiotics; Bronchodilators; Mucolytics
Pneumonia
Rusty sputum failure
Cough ≥ 2 weeks Respiratory Rifampicin (SE: red-orange d/c of secretions; AE: liver damage)
Weight loss, anorexia failure Isoniazid (SE: peripheral neuritis; AE: liver damage)
Tuberculosis Chest/back pain Pyrazinamide (SE: hyperuricemia)
Hemoptysis Ethambutol (AE: optic neuritis)
Streptomycin (AE: ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity)

CIRCULATORY DISORDERS
Condition Vector Affectation Manifestations Diagnosis Management
Female Anopheles RBCs Stiff neck Peripheral blood smear Quinine
mosquito Fever (cold, hot, (best taken at the height Artesunate
- Night biting wet stages) of fever) Artemether-
Malaria - Clear, flowing, Lumefantrine
shaded bodies of Complications:
water liver damage,
cerebral hypoxia
Aedes aegypti Platelets Signs and Screening: Tourniquet Symptomatic and
mosquito symptoms of test supportive
Dengue
- Day and night-biting bleeding - ORS/IVF
Hemorrhagic
- Stagnant water Confirmatory: Dengue - Vitamin C
Fever
NS1; Dengue IgM - No dark colored food
Platelet count

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SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS

Condition Manifestations Management
Gonorrhea Pus-like discharge in the genitalia; Dysuria Ceftriaxone
Chlamydia Pus-like discharge in the genitalia; Dysuria Azithromycin
Primary: Chancre (painless sore) Penicillin
Syphilis Secondary: Condylomata (skin lesions)
Tertiary: Gumma (CVS and CNS lesions)
Herpes Simplex Painful lesions in the genitalia Azyclovir

DIARRHEAL DISEASES
Affectation Manifestations Complications Management
Condition
(aside from diarrhea) (aside from ORS/IVF)
Systemic Ladder-like fever GI perforation Chloramphenicol
Typhoid Fever Rose spots Sepsis
Splenomegaly
Local (GI) Rice-watery stool Severe dehydration Tetracycline
Cholera
Metabolic acidosis / alkalosis
Dysentery Local (GI) Blood in the stool Dehydration Ciprofloxacin
Amoebiasis Local (GI) Pus in the stool Dehydration Metronidazole

NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS
Condition MOT Manifestations Complications Management
Skin or mucous Muscular spasms: Respiratory tract Penicillin
membrane - Trismus (lockjaw) spasms leading to Diazepam
Tetanus
penetration (thru - Risus sardonicus (sardonic smile) hypoxia
any kind of wound) - Opithotonus (arching of back)
Droplet Nuchal rigidity Increased ICP Ceftriaxone
Brudzinski’s sign (involuntary flexion of - Convulsions Mannitol
the lower extremities when the neck is - Brain herniation Dexamethasone
Meningitis
flexed)
Kernig’s signs (pain upon extension of
knee from a flexed position)
Intimate, prolonged Skin lesions that don’t heal Contractures Paucibacillary – Rifampicin
skin to skin contact Nerve damage (lack of sensation and Loss of and Dapsone
paralysis) extremities
Leprosy
Lion or leonine facies Multibacillary - Rifampicin,
Dapsone, and Lamprene
(Clofazimine)
Bite of rabid animal Hydrophobia, aerophobia, photophobia Respiratory Post-exposure prophylaxis
Rabies Maniacal behavior paralysis
Convulsions Cardiac arrest Symptomatic and supportive

EMERGING INFECTIONS
Condition MOT Manifestation/Complication
Zika virus infection Mosquito bite (Aedes) / Vertical / sexual Fetal anomalies
Mosquito bite (Culex) Signs of increased ICP;
Japanese encephalitis
Seizures, coma, paralysis
Animal (camels or dromedary animals)-to-human; Signs of respiratory disease; respiratory
MERS-CoV
human-to-human failure
Contact with body fluids of fruit bats, chimpanzees, Hemorrhage
Ebola virus disease
gorillas, monkeys; human-to-human transmission

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DIETARY CONSIDERATIONS FOR SPECIFIC CONDITIONS

Condition Diet Rationale
Eruptive fevers Low-protein diet To minimize pruritus
Diphtheria; Pertussis Soft diet; small frequent feedings To prevent respiratory distress
PTB High calorie, high CHON, with vits and To manage anorexia and weight loss
minerals
DHF No dark colored food To prevent masking UGIB as complication
Diarrheal diseases BRAT (banana, rice, apple, tea or toast); To minimize GI irritation and replace F/E losses
(General) low fat, low fiber
Typhoid fever No dark colored food To prevent masking UGIB as complication
Leptospirosis Decreased fluid intake To prevent fluid overload due to kidney failure
Hepatitis High CHO (simple), high CHON (if no To provide ready source of energy, to promote tissue
complications), and low fat repair, and to prevent overwhelming liver function
Tetanus Feeding thru NGT Due to lockjaw and possible aspiration
Rabies Minimize fluid in all senses Due to hydrophobia

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