AP Psych Review Video 6.4-6.

7
Adolescence, Adulthood, Moral Dvpt & Gender

Directions: Complete the guided viewing notes and exit ticket to receive credit for today’s assignment.
PLEASE NOTE - At the end of the video, he skips through several slides with directions for using your
AP classroom on the Collegeboard site. They have released optional practice FRQs to help you
prepare for this year’s unique exam. If you haven’t logged on recently, I suggest you do so and explore
your AP Psych resources. They will explain these resources in a subsequent video. And set your
reminders, special guests Dr. Claude Steele & Dr. Elizabeth Loftus will be joining us on May 8th!

FRQ Review Last Lesson:

Proximal Distal Dvpt ZPD Egocentrism Teratogens

Definition: idea that
babies gain control of
their bodies from their
torsi outward towards
their limbs
Definition: idea that a
child can do with help
more than a child can do
without help.
Definition; the idea that a
child has difficulty with
the idea that others do
not know what he knows.
Definition: Prenatal
poison that cross the
placental barrier and
have a negative effect on
the development of the
fetus

Application: because Application: With her Application A thought Application: based on

beased on timmys efforts
he would be able to
control his torsi muscles
before he could control
his arm muscles. His
moms efforts would not
affect this.
suport, timmy would be
able to do much more
difficult tasks.
process that he struggles
with independency of his
mothers efforts.
mothers efforts. Her
ability to control what
chemicals she ingests
would affect him but not
in his control.

Synonym: Babies roll Synonym: Vygotskys Synonym:Opposite of Synonym: Thought as

over before they can
crawl. This is according
to the idea of
maturationism. That
means they need to gain
control of their back and
abdominal muscles
before they gain control
of their arm and left
muscles.
idea of ZPD shows that
children don’t simply
obtain skill by themselves
in one moment. They
need the help of a
teacher. While they are
working with a teacher,
they are in the zone of
apprximation.
theory of mind. This external substances like
states that people are drugs nicotine
aware that others have
knowledge and different
intentions. Young
children stuggle with this

How Did You Do? Definitly need work on this

Maturational Challenges In Adolescence

Adolescence (transition from childhood to adulthood) is multi-dimensional

1.Physical- 2.intellecual- Emotional 4. Social 5. Finnancial

puberty Piaget Frontal lobes Not just Longer with each
 adolescence generation

G. Stanley Hall Time of storm and stress

Family Conflicts Define them; good and necessary- how else will a child learn how to deal

Why do they occur? The variables of parenting styles

Piaget Review: Assimilation (schema stays same) vs Accommodation

(creates change)

Parenting Styles Permissive Authoritarian authoritative Negligent

Physical Changes of Adolescence

Puberty Physical representation of adolescence

Menarche: first menstrual period Spermarche: first ejaculation

Primary Sexual Characteristics: Secondary Sexual Characteristics:

traits related to reproduction traits which have no effect on
(enlargement of sex organs) physical reproduction

Social Aspects of Adolescence

Becomes increasingly important as teens becomes less dependent on parents and more involved w/peers

Personal Fable Imaginary Puberty happens Sensation Seeking Self-centeredness

Audience b/t the ears V. Egocentrism
(frontal lobe &
A thought limbic system Limbic system- Egocentrisicm:
Adolescents common in dvpt) says go (gas inability to take in
believe adolescence in pedal) another person’s
themselves to be which they believe Prefrontal cortex point of view; Self-
unique and that everyone is says stop (brakes centerdness:more
invincible looking at them & steering) concerned that
because they are Coordination of emotions/concern
the center of the dopaminergic s of what’s going
world (spotlight circuits on at the moment
effect) overwhelm one’s

Key Researchers
Erik Erikson Psychosocial Theory of Development
Series of unconscious conflict that we must resolve in order to progress
throughout our lifespan. (fixated)
Stage Virtue Successful Resolution
1. Trust v Mistrust (B- Trust: Infants who have their
1.5 yrs) Hope needs met develop secure
attachment by feeling safe,
loved, and cared for by
attentive primary caregivers
2. Autonomy v Shame Will Autonomy: the toddler learns
& Doubt to explore, experiment, make
(1.5-3 yrs) mistakes, and test limits to gain
a sense of self-reliance. This is
the period of “terrible (terrific)
twos” (period of defiance and
stubbornness. To accomplish
autonomy, the toddlers learns
to explore within safe limits,
perform tasks by himself, and
say,” no” to his primary
caregivers without severe
consequences.
3. Initiative v Guilt Purpose Initiative: the preschooler
(3-6 yrs) learns to take risks and
“initiate” behavior that will lead
to his goals. This is the period
of imaginative (make believe)
play
4. Industry v Inferiority Competence Industry: the school-aged child
(6-13 yrs) learns to have a strong self-
image through his abilities to
accomplish tasks (ex: navigate
rules, assignments, and
expectations at school).
Socializing with peer groups
becomes important, and the
child has a need to gain
approval by demonstrating
competencies.
5. Identity v Role fidelity Identity: based on previous
Confusion stages, the adolescent learns
(13-18/20 yrs) to transition from childhood to
ability to
understand that
other people may
be feeling
different=unaware
ness
Unsuccessful Resolution
Mistrust: the absence of
attentive primary caregivers in
infancy can result in insecure
attachment with feelings of
guardedness, unpredictability,
and withdrawal from future
relationships
Shame and Doubt: if the
toddler is harshly punished,
criticized, or overly controlled
by the primary caregivers, he
may be unwilling to try or
inhibited from trying new
activities, and may become
overly dependent on others
and have doubts in his abilities
Guilt: if initiative is hampered,
children develop a sense of
guilt and inhibited creativity.
The child may feel as if he is a
“nuisance” to others.
Inferiority: if industry is not
encouraged, the child begins to
doubt his abilities, not feel
valued, and feel inferior to
others
Role Confusion: this stage can
be the most stressful period in
one’s lifetime because the teen
 adulthood by reexamining his
identity and determining where
he fits best in society. This is
the time of experimenting with
different aspects of one’s life
(friends, groups, music
preferences, political views,
and societal norms).
is examining sexual and
occupational identities. If the
adolescent is unable to
properly form an internal sense
of self, it can lead to not being
able to accept oneself or others
…

6. Intimacy v Isolation love Intimacy: the adult learns to Stagnantion

(20-40 yrs) intimately share himself with
someone else (partnerships,
marriage, or friendships).
Erikson stated that in

7. Generativity v Care Generativity Stalmate

Stagnation
(40-65 yrs)

8. Ego Integrity v Wisdom Ego integrity Despair

Despair
(65+ yrs)
Swope, Cram Plan for AP, 2020 Cliffs Notes Publishers

Lawrence Kohlberg Theory of Moral Development

Heinz Dilemma:ot what your answer is , how it is justified

Not directly tied to We ___tend to____ always Adolescents new ability to

___age___ stay at our highest level reason
____effectivelt_________

Pre-Conventional Conventional Post-Conventional

Moral decisions based
Based on consequences conformity Social contract
upon….

Moral Competence
Daniel Goleman Cues for Emotional Intelligence

Impulse Control Delayed Gratification Theory of Mind Empathy

Ability to not lash out When mad, don’t Other people have a Emotional connection
when mad address when mad POV before you shoul

Intimacy
What is the When you like people
psychological basis
 of intimacy?

In Childhood In Adolescence In Early Adulthood In Mid Adulthood In Late Adulthood

Early sexual activity Erikson stage Marry Myth busting

Elementary still
crushes

Sex & Gender Influence on Development

How do you operationally define male & female?

● Commonalities

● Adolescence

Sex Gender Androgyny

Bio differences Behavior patterns Show both male and female

Gender Identity Gender Expression/Typing Social Learning Theory

Sometimes doesn’t line up How you express your gender Bandura imitation

Child Rearing Joan/John Experiment Instinctive Drift

Before we are born, we are Nature nurture Drift away from instinct.
decided

Physical & Cognitive Changes Across the Lifespan

Life Expectancy: Women live longer

Physical Changes: Slowing of cell replacement

Sensory Decline: Senses deteriorate as we get older

FACT: That loss can be slowed!

How? Use it or lose it

Changes Intelligence: Crystilized intelligence as we get older

 Nature v Nurture: How we are raised or where we are raised

Psychological Disease like schizophrenia

Factors:

Late Adulthood Myth Busting

Mid-Life Crisis Senior Citizens Stereotypes

Thinking you are super late in How we treat others older How we see older people as and
your life process their abilities

Reality: Cross-Sectional Longitudinal:

Doesn’t have to happen, how What is good for the heart is Excercisse proper health and
one may age differently good for the brain sleep. Mitigation of this;
Availibility heuristic

AP Review Hint
What is an OPERATIONAL DEFINITION? Explaining in a way that is measurable

Cognitive Changes in Adulthood

Neurocognitive Disorders Alzheimer’s Disease

Pschizofrenia/ dimentia Deterioration of mind. Slow by social interaction.

/ DSM 5

Steps/Recommendations for Healthy Aging:

Eat sleep and live.

AP Exam Practice (15 min timer): Follow SODAS Type below

Mrs. Schmidlap is an experienced AP Psychology teacher. She knows that her bright and caring students
sometimes do things that make teaching them difficult. Please explain how each of the following terms might
make teaching teenagers difficult. You should present a cogent argument based on your critical analysis of
the questions posed, using appropriate psychological terminology. It is not enough to answer a question by
merely listing facts.
 ● Conventional moral reasoning

● Formal reasoning

● Identity vs Role Confusion

● Personal gable

PLEASE NOTE - At the end of the video, he skips through several slides with directions for using your
AP classroom on the Collegeboard site. They have released optional practice FRQs to help you
prepare for this year’s unique exam. If you haven’t logged on recently, I suggest you do so and explore
your AP Psych resources. They will explain these resources in a subsequent video. And set your
reminders, special guests Dr. Claude Steele & Dr. Elizabeth Loftus will be joining us on May 8th!

Exit Ticket:
I Feel Confident/Better About: But I Still Have Questions Surrounding:

Adult maturation N/A