Abbreviations BC a AHS! cans: cat oco scu ‘Bennett (1908) Sallust, Bellu Catitnae Sallust, Bella Jugurdinam. The Cambridge Ancient History. VoL. 9. Ba. B.S. Cook, FE, ‘Adcock, snd M. P Chsleswort, Cambridge: Cambridge ‘University Press, 1932. The Cambridge Ancient History. 2nd ed. Vol.9-B8.1. A. Cook, A Lintot, and E. Rawson, Cambridge: Cambridge Univesity Press, 1994 Cicer, The Caiinarian Orations ‘Gildecseeve and Lodge (1895). The Oxford Classical Dictionary 3rd ed, Ba 8. Horsblower and A, Spawforth. Oxford: Oxford University Pres, 1996, Pauls Realencyelopiie der classschen Altertumswis- ‘senschaft. Rev. ed. Ea. Wilbelm Kroll and Kurt Witte etl Sttgart Verlag J.B. Metzler, 1994, ‘senatus consultum ultimum, Commentary Cicero's First Cattinarian Oration Delivered November 8, 63 nc, befoe the Senate in the Temple of Jupiter Stor compet 4 cmc erm mst 1 Qn wm: How og? este pe of a pd men ‘ye, tment fe gee) May pes ‘tre ang he wpe} feta poy pe ete Ree ‘Scene Fa abe eS whe See og ‘cm fo bates Gon enon SME 5 ge mania lo Tis ate ‘tenn onc tre ‘Stites pn sage pane let br Ser oe Mp 2 een Scngtvdireltnmstiegenyans choses he See hee ae cee aetng emesis Oy cay bint Smt sre wien abt GHo) es ce oe he Cor Sere em cn on oy ng? Boe he rr eo 2 seem ee ew Conn fs ip 1) bet a dati Suc cae, se wih chad genie cepmnoan ‘oaiing emt 0,007) Noam oF {46 pracium, vging mor, concursus, CT Met (it the vent) teeta aeanes ers 6 Pat: sve ant sone, Scrimaton ae sc fen ot tment ri hitch 6 emt. on Svar not Sonn tn etn ‘eerie nt un eon oxen eee, bran ‘etl et i ae of ey tt ea oe et ‘oe ota) Noe C0986 Ser et Sone lo ‘Fintan ope ae Mit ‘Sate teary ae oo 5-5 a i, ga chk 7 ln Pat seyret awa on oord of he Polrne (Ht, Ths wag est Doing the diet ution, quem tae de gal een grate arbiters 0, Gs, rice ney at 8s nang Youn alae tr mmc wh ec ‘Ss father on we of sn fit oryocan tus, ‘sow tht Cline wa pag mar ih ent qs ior eae ‘Soret Kans oe pn sn perp ofr pach congo eae rerorcecesrins1 proxi i, posi (nce, Nove et slate of time wher (020, C399), sipriare mace: the nil before last Novanber 6 eer, fers commer: ‘steer det sueion S00, usr. 9 ald conse kr po: Healy wr of pla con pute genie eve of ‘whol (DOL, G3). One it of over & Cie and see of is et Comper eta te hose of M, Poco, ‘aes and pla o mss ein e 20s woes ogo the yin oo ‘dna win tack Rome by Ml ‘rope Fou Ge stove Esty 13) Chaper2 100 tempora, 0 mares ecutive of excanton B18, G9). In his exc te, we a snes become anos, Co Taman he sry ste of he Rep ich ion Cul plot agin he ae Todt be pied fr hae see pl Ue, te endee of Cities comic). 1 em yer: fc mm yr 0 eet or soegten pei ent 12 unum queue: cach an ery oe 13 tram: priv genie (gave of the ol) (BDO, G3) tres vir ‘rangle of ON. idem iden TS tevesdal operat you out Ie Dc a ore era) a i fr ou be ed Opt npn eb mea fg aes the {Sout of poses an fe Las ffi sera pastes of parte wih ent ie to dat a oi Shui led) have hppa 15 lam prem: ow fo og ine a afer pete ni foto, flak ‘ele peste (oportebat confer int ‘quam: relative pour; pst i ths Sisson 6 omais maculee sesive pl, sso th nos iv on bene cutive lua eu fr hn decesica pctves an hid dseson em sous (eee BY, D647, G56, 0575, OTE, Ga) Chapters 1 Am Or ie se eae shat? Am usaty Inrae he second mane of 4 dole (ion er bso a0 (hice spe questo dean ae te foe ‘tae, noms or mum (16244, G7, Hosts he sane, expecing e8 {toes pies mis he cet ot st Rone andthe der of he loge (00) of ‘cece piles The pots cole theron cleaned ebay (yo ocalary moot hey wee ad esponeeferosdng he mot pat 17-19 B.Suipio TE Groehum Invert 38 Spo Nase ing ‘so of snare and ei pene, ales Tris Gash a may fs lower Frioreon tis waters ef 5 Hac sy, 17 P= Pablins T = Mero Fos co et Ronse an tian thes se BSS, Gp. 83. 18 prt: Pes Scio Ns (consul ‘BE nc), was oly a pase Be ae oa yb oe) when be ed ht Seon nob fs stacked Theres Ge ‘haan i flower Charon ‘he pet ston ch he bls the (Sf coml and prev a eset She tke acon age Caine. mee ‘ese nblatotem atm ras ‘lacs essed nly mdr ae the Repu in compan to Caine, a et 19 Catan Be aston ess testa dimer 19-20 Cation... pererems:oe fo tani, aes ensls pores Cat Soom capentan vaste orem trae desu lcendlie Caplets rent ive parle, mucin acunve sn {Bln apes wit Canam: vstre Scone ainve oth euplenteme rem the ect objet of rasta et fern is sre iteave Ts fumerorsat QuESHON lowing AR st (eben he seceice 21 preter: pas over Co cis ps erect fll et ect (Ee sce, iy mening nay be ly emp a example a ‘Tonto. quod the fact tat 202.18, 5252, mvs rebut es novae mean peti change oc eolion the dave 1 spender on stdetem (apres ave ‘il sping nh Spur Macon), 2-22 €. Serine Ala Sp Maco cit hs ot neat ome ci ‘ied of the Repub, Dui pd of Famine n49 nc, Spits Ma eahy lesn wa ae aid gn {he pou atic ownespene Becanecf ish feo nope of snag at a Sma (Gen) sd was ied by aie Ser ‘Aa, Wb was pps avy ex ‘node (maghter equ) wo be tor cot wn ny ae cally en ‘hot een (270, Z Pal, ft soe Cex we of 1223 ata. its sch ve Ht ta nee pete (oepae) hat nay ‘le oo ee inthe Rep 2-28 a. caetent ren le 2 quam ta tke witht compare (auily mye) “goed old day" when Rona tees met ld ihr sa dard f bebe thn motes us bee wo ated the Rebtel Be sted moe aly thn fren een. 2425 seats cost: 2 dere of te Smt Clo eterno he de hat arte nown ste smn cons ‘kina (CUD. ving the onal te ht ‘ecto ins The gly oft SCU tes a oe (ee Moe ays 18 and 1. ue th SCU aaa Cae 08 Ose 2, bt beh ot yt acted upon The were sevel eas for Ce ay Fat, Chad at jet ie ct ie Caine ote conapney (he expla ow he ner suse hs eee the Thin Caiinarian Oron, Second. 3 becomes dere nts spec (eg, Ct 30), {ng Catan, col Ceo war ang ot thou he Sena fl hig 28 Deceit gundam Seas Bw 121 ne est ws of sae seats ‘ens (SC, oral 28-29 as ier ne caper in ‘eet cuomands (595, G56) cosa ‘deen que Fes publ detriment pert er eaten derek sere pub cape [gid rime SCU Ge His Bay), 29 (algal «detriment: soi of one Gi sane ho deren par tre gente 20, C36 mex mall er est not sie ng ered ere be png ofthe SU ah 0 3031 laters et... Genes: a Iai ac, sisted say 14) 30 proper quaadam sede sap Sopser of uesons Aton opped toe caress of Cine’ eco, In fc, Cleo a wo yet hve cer ene 31 carisimo pate 2 mrt sl ‘ves of sion (oe ua) wih Gas ‘rach (824, 4,21.32 acs ext cam ere M. Pai ‘ears: Nizar Flor Faccos hat ‘pla tom for soone wb hod pe ‘uly teen cone Puli ware of Opin ile toh of Flees sons (he longs one Bad imply ered sis {ater meses) tal or amet ‘ec we Hite say 0), [32 Sin sna cone sail const Is ablaive of meas Te Seo pated the ‘us aC Serine Gil (aly town Gime in 10 when . Mati a Ver wee eons ee sore Eyl 32.35 €, Marlo. «conor dates ‘hes permis oat ened 0) {2 ame acy me? (odes a ict ‘qooton expecting gave anv wnum dem: orange ey este orion sme BIS, 0335. [4-35 mars ere pte pom remorata eat and pay of te Rp we ‘ble for» suave prc el pane toa th pay of te Ree el pb fae jee gave 8199, 368, seme he ey wa deh, ‘heaton of tine (BIS, G36). The Sense td pase te SCU 06 October 2, whe ‘rss oy phos de eae, 136 acer bore aceite eg fhe nor of hese mor fe sens) Clee ‘Spas he SEU 2 sod whe pe emg ls capo METAPHOR, 37 lncisum in aul: he SCU oko pn the Sent oor (yo et peiiowe) 37-38 tmguam in aga reat: ‘tong he in cord. Sor eat 38 quo exseats osc eas tex queso sna ir cares ‘i da of oe Sen Lt an rn posun qu) whee egsh ps 2 demons onan) 53-99 telnerfctm ee coven {ns for yon have Ber po ea Jo ought hve bon pt dah a teni ir an inponoel tb ht er Pevectrater thane psa iiive 6 asl 27025, 2402). 5940 aon a deponndam {audacian) Se a confrmantiam sudan: ws for lng ae our lees, et for seg ‘ung Ths grnave ih seo ih india be ued exes pepe (B92, eu. 41 patres conscript: enor sw he ‘ig! exjrssin was probly preset “rcpt fers and end tay Sk the ely Repub, a2 Sine wen tr eal pate, ble te newer et sno probly aed comeit (old, ‘Bur preset conscript evenly Bone ‘haened pres comer othe oe he pre as ree, 12-43 meg, cmderno: Faye ‘doo nef nominee ‘reaps 48 Inertia oqutaeque: ves of cg, the charge (5208, 78) capers +445 Cara st cents his Mane camp a Fcndbe ie Bass, sande Bae, oar Perez te Mp3, 4 Indes singular: oy yd. 45-46 corm csroranmpertonens Gacegoes it as Calin, Seay mvc of Hs ‘et cet a ete i 8 48 olentem: eat ote pple, age ‘Sh inperatrn dacongue ne 8 4849 Ste lam «re ase is fine pss inci of ben nd pome i tat tases Ore for wasn {am sro, Catlins, comprehend ses ere 1 ent ered mi il hve be (red ye (oe ll hve to for, a ‘ngre! peptic ceoaacion Inthe (2-50 nen let egies of Tein sr eri vere mh fo (tae inte of a ie 29620 (5002, Orr for uassion me nen ‘ms Bal alent ho tu ese seis he patae quam qolsqem deat fe fact ese] cues. Telon (0 - Doce tal have foro that al ga Tho may) hs war dove tlt by me, ‘ler than hat anyone may ay as Noe rey, Cito beste Ca Ie tea a vo leet so oposing Fear Ont osha fe ht sh god en mys he wed too on il is a sapere ied Cai ‘oo erly Ge, wt proper ta). ‘ic sence Ser compart he 0 fo cxplias st Be mors ad of te ‘scod fr (a somone way came be le Caine to rl tan hist (at {pod men may ny be wate ong ll Bin, Cio’ fee wore toe oo Be es ae 582, wba Be was aed fer ating five of he computor deh hu il Heal aa 8) 50-32 rum gy. fa der fran “te Verum op stad ous ood daar wt faci hoe gua ln pide iam: Fam ne ended de ely, Tema tine hr oh ies enum (8295, O54). tm pide fe: tum ee pore Lng ag soul hae en dane; th ot 0 pete, Ko H-15 above crt de cana th ei Is Cho's ear enone above and ree ‘ed below) tf he ls Caton one oF ‘elaivs.hterfcere = teres, fue sive infant on abut ie 2-53 tm mnt: nex of 58.54 qu. nom featur doer sot adr rive case of csrcteic ‘Bowing rent (26125, GIS). Cee wiles oiling Cte at ee oe ef who wal ot dt ha wa ly Chapters 55 Quam dla Ar longa gud. andes reaive cake of ese (2852, 512 56-57 me... pon sepa pug tase (822, 05653) 57 commorere te set yous motion (Gestate oon 58 slentens pet ative pari, ocing Wid te Her jou ot ang ‘tre although you ae not aver af 0 quid St. quod Lam amps fey one enn pis {Stl quod fam expect i more it ir yo now are ating for? und = ‘cupertino eit. St neque nr. nce prnate dom: eh ane jc of yt ie 6). 63 omni: ajc oft instrantr ie (2) aed erompant. Mia: ingen outa metre 68 eblvier: inpeive of obser Rewenter ha depen tae nerves ‘it lok ke av ais, Oblscor takers pete object, do mont verbs of ‘enembering and forsting (820, C370. (ne. 65-66 que «reposts he Se ‘sion, qua am ef recoposcscm me ict (perma ha ake ‘bunt onetime te wi omit (e556 md 2955). Chapter? {7 Meni: Doe ene? Manin ly eect ons tpt ses Croshed at preset Tis eb inreces niet ene amt XI Kalendas ‘Nevis an Oster 21, On th Rosen ‘Snare BET, p91 Novembre ‘root te pene of ea, at net {7-6 ent hie See esting om ‘sober 2h te Some pused te SCO seat Caine and Mis (ee Hioseal Bay 3) (0 fren emi adieu toe {hs ale indie crue. Ore for ‘eauioe, C- Manlim, stl aque ‘Minne fe anda arn (Get in arm ert gu les furs ‘Set ant dm VI Kalo Nove (8 fore=fatram ese (5-6) ane dam VI Kaleds Novem Outer. “0 Num me eet, Catlin: Nor it ect edi Caine? Wee Eat ul start taken tou ain sys pomiave jet aot ese The ae of ft test tte sata. 40-72 Nam me ft de ok iy bao mame sec inthe owe leg efor Nen mn rn tam rex, famgue cred no] ne lt, Yeru {it qind mato mags amizandan) des {oon me fe non modo == era not ft. be 72 Di eg dem: 1a ea Lively, The ane 1st Tis veils of Hem ‘Sve fcr, Canferot ctt gn oath Strano (te). 18 te dim Y Kalendas Novembre ‘eter 25 enc aie when prfagrun oe 7) "A-75 omtam--ca cna inthe a Sve tors pcg ee ad as or tie snk of Tis ca exon why he Iesing tea le Rome on Oster 28 (i shuld fe tanned ite falovig Ce non tans comer x am fram rm rein 26 mrt ext ie “7 dicen ctr: sbiatve of tine 17 neta. gu remansenas cade hh aogier of rw hod read Urey rsh fe ho Ba renee Tn ocean of Gi ld Sy amt, whic i bere sobs foe ast a). capter 79 uk; Quid here tions a ts tal pric cling ate 0 Ue gos foe dt flv Tle Whar beh otha? Praeger et ‘hj of exopatram == se Oe 2. Pret lr Pain ass ees inseam town shot 20 mer soa of Rome ily en rons frets vei sraepe ior In he 90 ne Fact sipped Mar aed wae ced by Sls in 82, er whe Boame Ronan sony (soin) Kalenls pls ‘everbtbs:Novembe 80 ecrapatarum = ee: ft ste Pcl i ide dceuse ae com {ers on er coe ha). sesistin = ‘eosin 1 is promis, cst veil che ‘nis f connie wort (ANDO roe ect apt rete 2 Nib. ih. il: warnons, srucouoi abd eum fa. on spats each fhe lowing ewe ‘ei, Te sted no i ato coal: (he cunracon, pom nod == 8 ean: i do wating ou pon ning ow ink oting tt na at nly bon). Ir ale se and platy now Or ee sty Into ar [bot] bt co See and pli Know eeneing Yo 40 ‘bering ep, verti you tik moe tlm sero: shar vir afore at (8, Novem. 5 quam: thn, fer the compasive ‘ee a Stem (5, ad sate re oben) ad's scmtve on thew pape, Trt ort fry ofthe Repub 6 pra = pri. tr feat nt 7 M.Latene Macs Lice wt seo nd cue ofthe clef compo. coda, (atv) 10 she same ple. comple Secon pln speceg with sca ne . 8 guid wy? 50 frum ue peter wih you, Cris iy soparting Caine Chapter? 1 Ubi gations Whee he word Lira, Whee of ples? For ti we of ‘he parte ese see B20 3, 037255, 55.8 hace, he Set gk eh ade of in ‘td tte ote pr set ot Sots 92) most oma inert {ater omelum nostra 9S cope junc na retve die ‘care 5 seteatam roe: was easy for Se cou or oer presiding git 0 ‘aon ini essa ak opi he tp thanx Append 5637 quas ferro truer apotcat thse uo desea beled the ot von Fah we a portabat se fm ines 15 above The asc of ‘oss esi ic 98 partis acute pra. quo: wher, rhe eropaive ave ecg 2 Inet qocion.qvemaue: cock ore, tech of the ce copes, 99 quo Roma rlaquares: live dase of chrcterate (8283, GSS) or pape (32422, G63, Romae esi ese (B21 ca B28 G0 nd G1), 101 pen. morae: asl amowof lo pata a aoe sou ee mora ise nv (S20, 632), quod: he fu ht 8299, 6525. 102 do equtes Romani: we kam on Salt (938) at mer were Co. ‘tins so Vague oe Hse sa 15, (625 xp 2422, 103 immo et: ay cock The casi ming fra! amin ealler sta (eoHitarea By 5, apie 10 abies, wih pour mean coe ving ben aie. TO? a me alata: rect me 2 sine tne acute showing. pire. The ferme fom te fourth paca prt of 3 er roy to form, sie ad ‘Duane single For wage, se B30, G54, eins mo ive of oj th procliaeram ise 10), tempore = co tempore ‘etve inne of ain eng ihuli Ha inst coune afer 10 une cum ta dt Since hese ing aon Lally, See which ings ar ‘hin egy wes relive promo st tie begining of = seems (2, ick hing) were Bgl rasa deeaseae Sve groom ee ng) eae ge fre of erga qo (at re wher capes inert fered Sepone empties a nie ae inf 1 alguando (0): fly aa ering he esa ws ose to deen acon tt began in pst Sed comin inthe preset ee 129.4, 220. camp of ours bes of dent Ta camp wes In Fase, In Bia ee Map 3 Eder epee fore far Biles, 613054 113 ans csv pls a aber eed fern be sce pnd stem td deceson suns st mina f fess tan at. quam pris: many peste ei 13-16 Magu mea ve fp 114 mode: prod ont tha» cae of ro (BS10 573) mua he lof {ely ty wal. ‘on pa, no sina HUCOLON, AS eos, ad Anarnons chapter 16-17 Magn « «grat: grat hats Gero provees pass y separsing the ecive bom he nous mot, eur Sat ern” Magn = bend (Stes gra rat hat mt be gen ‘dive eons Tot Sater Cleo ad ete i Seat sting in he Te of Soper Stee Romar wae i have ‘ome temple To eter Stor (he Stjn fe would atte Stine nance pie uly the be, bu eee 117 quo bce 119-20 Non tsa el pie der fer ann, summa as el publ ‘ome 19 sepia: ery fe. nw amie one mon bose fee). Ce 120 Quam di: A fon a. cons dsig- tty ek ple in ely, Dut he ew cons ty Bewoen ts me Oey wee ocd ‘sl wee owe se eul delgnath roy bel Daly of 8 Me io espaol thm bese of = veing ‘ech ht Caine mae, bat hey mre ‘tbl pooner lyfe ap isnt ey 122-23 1m conele ef competes ‘ane interBereli Cinytendod a len saranda by a pate body park wh hi bree coo ‘eling ot enter toga Co ny tel ave exacted th threat of wolenee on Cai eter ees veg nan ae Calin lt ond sod fn clr etn es Hse ay 0), 123 emp tb conser tons ete hin or of be Cpe Fle Map 2, 124 amicram pei cpio ted above, Ceo apped at telecon th bdyaed cmposed of Be fede an ‘pre compres cont to dri: ‘eee (bjood Ck own sen) a comma 8 Coie Ho planed any vet ames a finest 124-25 malo tumult police conse: wih no pable dlrbone having be Sil poten ave. 125 plea sbanened (yoxpa fem pti (30. {25-26 perme ough yo for captor 2 120 Qua re Where, For whieh reson Tiel bcoz of hich ing 130-31 Hd quod est primum: hw Sra i tt which ale dene it he Seton of Cai 11-32 et qund has Impert_ dls ‘Mimegee moran prope et and ih} which 1 aprprin othis = my ‘thority and Jo he tening of the nor. ler Sparel reeing tie SCU tat te Seam has Yoel spin atin. fo fcre 1d od st primum (es 120-3). Cer doe st yet dre il Ct, pay ore son ate test ‘nex soins br alo en he dot srnsedr eet 123 inser freer initve of Iie ina fie neve conn (G9 tte waned int git meet 1d ns 6m). Soin exer il quod orto tea du ees sored neopaed) orm ever he ore pret ee hese. qd fe fam dum boro fo thing wih hae eo rig youd for ‘lon ine now Temporal xpos Sch fm fam udm ne egy ed har began ap ad cones oe se (82598). erarwon Cato intr fllowes ‘Simo bilge wae he hy weer tt fale nits in be Boot a ip ev with hin te des wl be ese ro ees mtr ide om ip captor 3 157 mum: sty wa datas dit + 157-38. quod lam faces ar sick ye andy Begg 0. Faces isn net ingeret 8240). Cote nar sed sain fo Jae te fly wea Geno eed 0 138 an spent of your on econ. 11-4 poss metus oft abjancives 162-43 ota Insta a his Saevaruon mayb dr fe practice ‘ot band be feeds of nave ae ‘el rm (rey fal oc ap ‘awh eee for gas, a es fhe al ae fa as sje cde foe tao. Caldulscentalo om prot eran ad deca at (ors facom ad ine? oat Youth cha ou hdres th ice ros of eorpion ou no era Sod fori lve ofa oso Ps] ‘less? Cal acetate {eeepc web prac quem 2 farts a sine cine of carci Cisee i scans Cation of coors Young me wie acto of Hk pe ‘lof vere sod tT expen ‘pp orcas on th pci ‘when yeaa eechapter 14 149 mort: shite ean "49-50 eum morte superiors wari ovis pie lacum vse en ou al lend ps fora new mgt y the ‘eh ef Your former if Bot te ot flew (ef ope cana 91-92), Gene sxe Cate of several sc of ‘erie mr, nat, sd ey Sac ‘Sate were commca in pole aes Are, Hower and thei mo coneborsing idence fo mp hse rps (ee HS ‘Shel Bay I. 150 monne eta: i you ao ‘Noone epee an aia ase 151 Qund og preterit: Wich eine 1 gant By sng ath il = fon Cain's ober Sones cies, Ceo {only dec curation To hem a ‘ramp RAETERINO. 15133 ness ent: 2 negate ppse ‘he, ening wy Cio wl 2B ‘ea shut Cn’ er aleged ames times Ame ly eso ea So ts not have te eis to po te ‘hae, Trani ner hte ona ‘fs arto crine nay nt sem 10 he ‘ied eh ogra so (ad ‘si nr hay a ve 152 tn fori mite he enor ty of gre rine ea ‘cra 153 rena frtnaram twas Caine a ru forth coli a 2 Be. proms {ap mone table (nw co ook fhe ancl fd) Hg ee of ‘re poten al lvls of Roman ya ht tine oe Hire sy TL), ‘he qustn of Clin’ oo antl i {ton swt cles, Hower Ina eter hats Je wih nd ar bving town on the ‘ph of November folowing ths ech ies tat be eolé ey py fw deb But aca os P= ters ut bef the socom Cane ha hat the oly tater Gln of le weeds anew i wrath wa” (Ge ior emy 8). rags forte ‘saram tuaram qu oma erly. the i of your forme al of whic, gram ‘tty omnls mai quae, a opel Aen sethrina a hela ef oer rm ie. 154 proximis Ibs: és sd iter on Ira wee fend on te Kaen ad he Tae, Gl pie hat Caine wl tbe ‘hie py hr deb ads wl sna come est 15488 non a pata ion Ge. tom pertneat opal gpm pertinnt ine 1ST) so gos With ad Somes tim diate Cnet 155-50) sod witha sam rer pol cam ne 16), el wit a ota ‘soar tam sate ie 157 16 summa re pableam: se Higher elie ofthese captors 158 ms cae pts he breath fs sir, 139 cum cia sce ou new baru Le, 159-63 meat obi mesa 08 tins the folling he infer ete, Dparvise, eb) in infect eons. {oi ating othe sald Ps iiatan Cope,» pore pt i he cml nd ener a he eo ory 65 me The see lot was ave (ind ca. Tice i some dagen ‘Steg chlo whee ie 9 con ‘piey scaly exe, tam schl ow apes ht i dea Caine ws tots oft Gee seal Bs I. 159-40 pie Kalendas Tanah oy fore te Kaen of ln, Domb 3 Before Carr reformed eed {5 ne, Mac, By, ad Occbe ho Segoe de, era tnd veo fd the es of Be row ad ease (GeeG.yp 81-9. } f | | t 16 Lapidot Tat ons hnLp eon ata re conn ein he yar (ne comin the comin. Te “Cami sao open pce whet pec ‘ecum bewece the Curia Hesia (Seeate nse) andthe Resta (peaks pao) (eedlop- 1 cam as aut ew ay weapon ine ty wal 12 ler farrier with obsttise (Ge 163, meat alguns a change of ina congo los, 168-65 oni. cma acca sfemeresine. 16t noe en stat obica: or hey fren he i evryone kas seat ‘Bem. equ eam sun atu rhe ters nck exolythy ee a tee wo cise (eal eas bee. on mai fon Caro ing tones ere impbing tht ere ere saneroat fecinaon wie Clie edo, 164-65 aut mon mala comm pastes: (nd [gite fo ferme ere omit yond trv 165 quan ay ene! Not he Ite eo elect. Par) 165 quit.» pees: fo am of jour anenp: pre the dest oct eligi 168 166-67 a calectas wt «erent ed sc ha hy a et ‘awe. 166-68 patos, decane, corpore a's at Ge tng eat a fa sdesepped or ved Cates tas 167-68 parva quad decinatione et. orp! crass mone Ino any Cb ein al ie rs owe ath Bd). The wea 40 Corp) scaled none ” capter 6 171 Que: rf tae ie 170 171-72 me que. sl: eer oe tansiton, qldem sis qubus sacs fa eo conetd and dete by Yon, (Thi wade ten fs Ben sitio ‘quate 172 quota, 12-18 quod eigaeAaryou sik secu 0 pi inthe bo af acon Geno fone gue tt Calo. { datene hisSgge some god ae be png tino scons 198 amu. deat sed pa ably pose cuss foe we of mo SeSBORE fe quneLe et trait non tide permite ee ‘a, que dbo [peruse sed (idea peas ee merc qe bon dcr Gh (No hs bose ates ‘roan 176 nla = non. tei emir ot ngs hy tay of cobeg. past (ep + epost musth 7-99 voce contmalams «pr mond ofthe wie Ga span epi). 180 Qul? quod: Whar aout ot ha? (e205, 62523, ‘enw a pase ve (B18D.2, C35) ad ‘eden: Spit 161-8 sim atgue ero 188 quo tandem aime fine se f= dum’ potas wht dpotion nl dopo tink ough ea?“The hoe (wdeta) ef te fs bat the sine the fat tht a este on Chapter 17 ie ejncves na pa cota ‘oft conden 8204, 635, 1B it pata a ay 18S omnes eer te al You ens Ce, i yar fll zen) request ‘lnqutndam ose 135-46 ty tt urbem on arbitra: er for waa, te non arbiarls ‘em reoqtendam eet? TAS he avo aes (188, 350) 18688 Ets. ier» male: ote preset ita fa coin 186 intra ave sigue a ave) int mets ier ve ff (eps my fli tn) a ive ‘tapeat raped by my fellow ce. compart nal le 185 17-88 carere me ames « «mall: {pec quam ne] emp inests 18 camcent: lave of mans. 149 ft = stam 190.91 dala. art ene for ane Iaon, dias vitare aspect praesent ase can, qr te siege ‘Seni plalenting rind et ‘ont stain leases sent tag pases concer ‘ote pte inant conn ‘Timernt, ade, sf posses ll gover the pm elmo ameaders ever ‘te moos (wc). ase in Piper ther than the Sper) 2 sony eset rms 192 meq ps end Jo could rato lai ay 195 aque ad): 0 someplace. Name? But ssw i Afr count conaion, nese ope seve. 195-95 Nane we pata ogre ee foceanltion, Nae a par. ot ‘ea (et eat te fa di Coane ti ns ep so, 184 fam its ora ong now 185 de prea suo abo ow par- fide (Gy sot te own SearcinTh strand i petsceiied a a acta put hers: Cro conines te remsonticn ‘ow in chute by king fran ‘peak Catlne dey, 195-96 megoe mee ee a eae 196 vercere = verter, cond person Suez neni of rere. agers Stowers, son penn sing tee apter 8 197 uae: Who, fering tte fda emsonmcarios. api plead. gundam Imodor in ceria tala len ‘touch ln. The fend please (Coe (nse) even tog ti et tm expe of oxen (nd). 198 agus anns fr srr! years: sho tee win whe 8231, 6395, Nal tic tence sacle YRERDOLE (cxapeic). 199 Gh a fr Jor alone, your cane on ‘wunslation, bt unl pees -multorumn ‘ram [Fi mpenita a bel (el esa reptoqu seclorum ut impunta Teter. 199 multoram cv neces: the pe fe yor (6 2c) Cain ta been ed oe ‘hugs avi consnited ards dag Ses prosctons, tw he wes ete (ee tel Ey. 199-20 seat drepogse scorn: G ne. Clie nas ed td med oo ‘Sates of hone exert ge amc oF thn prone ce Hist sy TL, ‘0-202 ty ad evetendaeprngsn- anque valu ar trong moron for eeting the lend co, als for runing and ola sa eo ore Siento oer a ec) 201 gnetons:the qunetines perp foe wee sting jy cout each ing {icton rer purtlr e of rine BeAgpenii A 210-208 quamquam fered non furan: hog hy shld ohne eon ert ase err int par e 2 at pot a et ou abd patio). 208-208 ese, timer vider hese isi es ae ll joe of non et frendam (ine 20) Tama: shal at be le (ned haa complet for act {fps alone shold not Be lr tat 20% que nerepuer Cai tee wlaeer aes «Sond, Cline i fare ‘Geno bes that weoeiee tes let tre, pole mnie pet fie de fcaancotic 26 Quam ob em: Fras, Whee {ore mie uve of Seputon (BI8823, 5), 207 vera.» fos bth fr orem (e205. 207-208 ne oprimar ut» desinam purple caer pendent thle ep apie? 20810 si... taqutu, ame bet, ‘tam ss. -en pst: ewes odin wit an aan prose hase) eked en a teed the sean ret nll er peal sine "re B20 ad 8200.2, 0536 and C2572). 2 none woul 0? exc ie meee, 210 Qui quod: Whar abou fh? 210-1 non catia dai Caine had oxy ten charge with pati ox ‘Sito of atau seers non woul hen espana binging tno or. This poste ns cl tsoia Mora. AS Ides spech soe was ever bog 9 (al ettaoneal ay 3, 211 quod: wha abou the fas ha an {aks peceding pele and wes forthe le of ad MU epi: he hur of Si epi cr rogas (255, C833) roast = rma {et neoptn) (II6 214d rsponsum: exind by what fo Somme ino ey 210-15 dem pris tin the some Ie wa 215-16 qua... esem quod. .contnere- ‘mur dept ses anit core Be her ie nthe spnsive (914, {G65 Ne coat eteen pres (hone al) nd menial 216 af Q. Meta: he one of On as ec: was pt a tine 1c) dc nee one 217 a sodalem twum: 1 he house of) Sour pol irom optim: ample ofmon; Marcos Mtl seme a 9 ve een very py rogue. 218 damigrnh = demir (209 oa) HIE, 218-20 quem tn «pti rer for Cention quem tn ile pata ore ‘Sienna ad estadendam te et fresno epic Teh et few pot fr) fortum 1d ‘intend te neal of C0108 215-19 a ested te anda Scuive of the pened or seen) ‘Sows pre. Tre: for gg YO 12 pata = putas (option. ore 220-21 Sed quam loge fdas ‘rs orn, Sed gua loge vier flu] deere seen cacere stg nel ga se fm darts gna (Seti Fr sonia frme wih ie tar O52, 20 quamong: how fer 21 fart = fadicavet (cao eset once nt lve cane of farce dignam castes dium sisi wor chapter 20 1222 Qaae cat tat Sic agra his 222-24 dt abie et man ‘ate: debit ines esr 22 segue anime: th @ cal pi fain Cosas 0 ly st Coie ‘rile found aly (on pets conde 1 dea ese im Rome Mos ty soe isin ber Can stl od pve pein 123-4 vam ta. .mandareoderfoe ‘elo, (dubia mandare tam wast (Geol tue ans deiique sup sk ene sliigueT 226-25 eee” a sent ring tier ore he Seat leo i feb on bsp tere ‘Stn fo cosiceraton 225 ie odo phere sib decree f tie dru See) wl have dered tha peng. 226 blermperturvn ese ie you 207 ter jen lf ob. 26-271 quod abort 2 mals orbs: {hing ch teen th my extn ‘To Stoe dp egal poner vend aie ‘oie so Cero may mem that Scone ith is cso to node ‘noper ares ef te Sete Bui [Sn tae tt Cie woul be nde 20 legal blgaon obey nck ere, nd (Cea may spl tae wma oe 125-29 Hgredere, hers, proce: 229 bane yams si oie, shi spolen requ eto goes) 20 eed sends, cul anima frum sent: do ow noe othe? toy aber ny aece of thse mer of [2 Chere ee est a eo Gre pomun an fen at ero Ses 231 Qua: Wy? 231-32 Quid « «props My do yoo wat forthe deision of those satin, ‘hav wil ough alow, you perce? They se Copter 21 285.55 Abs. edssem,. ini fet paper mance 8 fs co. arta condo, sem sed to taken ith okie 222 be Mem: sane hig nes ampere in oe 29), Sr: as ‘Serna gute te Io 35 ‘She pee fo amas oo ‘ay nd ue vec) eda (Sly deeded by Cera, ams oe (oP sete rin: nat orate comeny ot 224M Maret: Macs Macs aur cae eosin the cil ero 1 RE fod openly opposed Cana Hes wits ome i the cl war hat flowed, it (re voy aoe ty Ca a2 See nen i 46 ar wich Cro five aspen of gti Pro Marcel). cig tmp i ery nape Th ‘Stender oorblemen, even na sae plc ie so: te Sn ar he ‘nbsing i te Tol of pie See 2S kt opto: wth copter. im {6-37 cam quant, probant; cam ant deer cu cet lama: Sct hat eal ake spp fos (he Sot bate ming th nt of he ‘tht ao of the ens aig 2 ‘pect opal In Clin’ vor eH Teal Esa 3) 27 Neg i solu Net oly he men fie, te aes) Che metas Cat ot ‘ot te eter ther Ros a at (cain fo eave ey. quorum Uh ae acted cana Cl pcb ‘ering to Cai’ aero be by po ‘ie Sette vee elias 28626) 238 via viinioms vei. eques ‘nly the scoal ns yee ams tke seme (ho wee be Tana plies ei) were oly aad lect enpiged in Dunes (ie Hise say). 239 etergue ots eves Cleo ee femmes alo encod ora to of ginkgo al eases ‘io woul come toga aad ave te Repu, ado the mgr he red Sex th Roth Catlnaron Oran Sly eter 4-16, ant Hira Exny 1A go dreamt sna th doe Sendeeetngs wert open 0 ted 110-41 voces poo ante xa pots agpsey te cond oie he Semte Imosing ha vied support fr Soneng "nt Clea ea ie care squeal potas prosegoantr: wil oy Dera theve some men ert Jon all fe way the cy gates The wel an Indie command (0255, 546). te ‘engueatem: re fr tio, eli ‘queatom hace que fan prem stader stare, Rae fers 10 te bulge od Ines ney tht Cats a planed wo rm dee 218 sade te pres nie eget ‘ed ith am prem snd snr exer lone dette natn hat ga fe asta coins nth reset (259, chapter 244 Quam: nd ye qs: ny? 24446 te ut lla rs fragt, cw ut ‘umm tags, to ll fp ‘melee, ot ll cio oe any wedbekyou! A a0 won fer come yur) Ts aca try guesons type rons aus sn er frut t+ be hte AS ln be sos fem hs cal, excmnny ess ey le ied ea ld ve feaur Ge OSS. These excaotey gee ton also exe bot aaron sod Dogue pemetjcne 246 Dinan immortals dt: Wd ‘heh rps ig galt {a eh fem fhe peta of (Ge dare opt de, ey Incase te aeaity of Como avert. ‘Union + pet ajc rol ha ‘he raat way expe posable wish (G28, 2s) mente ine pl 29-49 vdeo, mea vee. mpendeat ‘oreo anit, peter mea‘equate tempest lve Imp (it big toes i pense fem eccallmemora seer fworun a psec, In afield anh oa the pct mbjencve der) ct ‘anid pron (53, 0396). 27 a. anima ndeere ou should perjury hol die 24-49 video.» «quanta tempestas faridne wos |. mpendst Pare how (peat sor oredr oer ‘ersten sh re andere the Cairn Onaons (2 Ct. 215, es 166-6) Cro cows ue bning fe harming Cie wel bea poplar 210 seen! maori: ot cent of the Je nary, aise of ease (B21, aon. 250 et tan of paras (it is wot he i enpoparty genie of let pe value (52033, GIR. fm modo: provid on) hat» cn of roto (dm e dam modo saan) (@5104,651 251-53 Sed wut. none pesto ‘ante non et postlandam ipo soon peste pena (i nor woe loved tn an taste te ee ‘hes a nt cman, depend ptm. toa singula preset atncive passive, fn epoi. : ‘not the (S00 person tar bce signals a chapter 28 255 Quam bem: Forth re soe profcere pei euica, 96 collare tim il, ‘to mis, w pees 255-56 no. oo nme a some, op + bot 256 ut pratense yon sy Cate a Agpecty beng that Cleo was mot ‘eo by penal snot nin no St ace ete of rao (8130, G17, ee (th ety by sail rae (Cgily ret a). eta perge in east fm: if Caio goes ino ee 2d m0 Ma’ canp ew bow hte on foe comme t t cmpicy. Th tum wold igo pb iin of (too harsig nsoct an, 258 fer sco peson singular fie peeve of (132, 1682, ‘ata mao (130, 0179. 2 cote ta Manta: Caine ji Manoel fre a Fee, be il 261-62 wt ear one foe uae to, ot wears nom ets a me be 2d ‘ens dt ier] tate] ad for amit Moat ety = prose le bon ay He wed pp cas we aly put wed (nt tet ase) Ing eps Ge B26 GAD Ccapter24 25 Quamyuam: Ande qui wy? 23-65 Quamguam.-. praemisam: tis lone rentooie sere i mest ely tried by breaking # down ino outst pars Orler for eanlon, ‘Quamguam qu eg tviton seam (ls) Tam ss proealsos, Proctlaentr ti wot ad Forum ‘Are? (Ould go tite) ca ‘elam dom paca ese) e costa [ese] cum Mais? (Qu eg nite el, ‘qu clam ila argetea ata = prscsan? (la aga) quam coo aaa futram (ose) pericinae afomestane {Blac om amie (agua) {ei sclratum orarium consatam ut Ara ae $35 auld ete vite wy doa you? (delineive since) Ceo meame (iy oo aes tok wheter yo se ging (See cet Man amy Fess? 219-6 quo sim [sis iam ee prac fnew by ion Bu ht fave Sey Boor enon aed: sam as 264 gu Dl »prnstlarentur aemate wold wal jor you sade ar ys ‘rhe wold wa for You mde arms Ite ease af purpose (82822, C530. 1 Forum Aarts ner For rin forthe we of wh eames a tows Ise ey oo BI. Frum ‘rel wor al own rion he Vi Area cb wha: dave fae ith pet pase vr (81892, C35, 25-46 aula am argent: te ‘er ole wae the tar of te Roce ‘pon Tiptree aby Sali (C35) have bloga to Met’ amy (ing th war aut he Cnt (101) (etna Bay 13). 26 elo ih (he aeedethe s ‘er cage smerariam: srt, Sonas sre ep tape speed en fn ie tend ad speci soe aso soe for heal in i on Home, A elo ‘fey wats is wap, ad be may ao Ive fe oars pear sander coming itd tom Mat an od sca fap wold igh god nck. ‘seria seers po sri Sete te iter eg een sl at ete edie of eeratu wcensi 267-55 easton fut = conta et. 288 To ln cree date posi: Af ou woud be abet Be apr fm ay longer Ti a xan stint at he sje (GSS) th ote 90 cama gusions ties 24-46 soe. 218-70 a nhs. liarius stepe tam impli “decteram ad mscem”cvm teal: rm hore tar ou ofr ed te-move your inp ight hand 0 the slog feta 271 Mi second perc. sigs fone ‘civ ingeatve of (B13, C1602. gue (cs: ohare 27-72 team pide... rapitsnor (foratong one ar bering Jou B20, x, 272 have ves: probably fos 1 Cun’ cosy. scales TRICOLON, ABMODETON, ad nyt neo 2716-71 acts ex «mma cdr Sor ‘sites, Nic sana robo ‘nist experi [riage doe: am ab ona sp 206 aby alive of peso aget, te capter26 278 te ere, th hi a of go tat) perfate = errors Te aes te Steed pron Sing pase eng foes ites m6 ey wed wih 280 quem: any (itso single). Ad nls ie stadia fr ie pra of he lee, of is dope se, though meine ie susly deponent, ixee piv re. erantr wc are we foc hs owes of endure, whe Cae precede to emer: Clu are ste Cate for ws hese pes or ‘Srgnetl an wicked perp 28183 fae glare: the nies tu a epee with inboes:hy en ante no Engh eter ines (0 leche gn )ors eas igo tte ground only tarae 22 a obidendm pram 0 wa for ty ad acne grid or ive shows pose facts obeundums 204 Habes uhh tenes: Yow hove the ‘porns ive se of pa ose (0282.2, O53, Literal, Yor fe a Plc] whe ou mig sav woe sich as ocr ie unceto te ete of 2 ulus by whch tings, Se as, ‘ald and poner. Coapter27 257 Tmt: oy 0 mc. cum acon ‘alta reppin he eleons for he oe {ship of 65 he, Catia oe Se by Cw: ts Cleo td ed Cae ‘tf te coms, sd Cer was oo 247-8 ual pone: «atte (20, 557). Onder for rasan, ut ‘asses tempore rem publ) eal ‘Pot quam ere rem pbc coal oth quam rer hn. ‘qosororsuevro%) of the words sal (ie 257) md coma empha 288.90 ut Ml quod... « nominaetr: posto ih Tatum ie 257-Onderor ‘reson, tid quod sasceptum eset sae ‘rat te pomionrta ate pois 201-92 eta. deter a epee er har Tay ee and pled et pyre case 29.95 malt. caro: mich der it tly, ere ya; ml eave oF ages ference, (B22, CH). 295 omals res publ gears The Repblienow speaks Cleo: am xan 296-300 Tape eum quer ss ide: tes eon by taking doa in fetes re One aon Tae Paes eu ete, quem compers ee aster quem vides ftom (ee ce principem ‘enarton, (qeem seni perdoram: Cote sat ete rig snr th conepincy atop at dost socites hp advising i db, tue ps rebels ant te government dnl ses, platy te reset Sve eo ed by Sparacs(7-71 ne) 299 patere = pater: sco pera sing 250-30 ot hear» proce ls ‘ta eno [iene ee ‘dma in ere ee abs ere bes fe by 304 bt sone yn Ne Ems, easing te conte tev om If Cone lee atine be me ‘Ramee eng en sta cyst ‘Steno an amy stomps at (heroin antes stam pte quer foam, tnt 2915. Cee i aly gi tence to he pp: {ess Corie wiht sicer evens fel be cies by Cate’ open Feri be sions Caine eve cy be Sangre nn espe, Ceo expla his ‘sm ferntereting Cine below Ces Sis, 300-902 Nome pera to a Srv Te tea ence of apter28 303-306 Atpersepe mort utara: Ista xan OF he fe xan bein (1. Grats, C. Gans: LS ni othr es 1739, oly Te (Gasca war ile bys pm hae ie = cy il by ¢ ab ed ype ‘Sinn Seo Nasco te int Seem to bare poate ety (ee Hirt Ey 13, 204 An kee Or fare yo concer abo) the va? Seve aw bad ben psd po (ecg it of Raman tin ine (aie meow C. Ghoshal psa ‘he ex Srprnia de cpt amin [3 1, gaancng Raman ten ei 2 tal efor te pel nes of epi uses The tengo (wh (Glee does oot wht ng at) ws ‘oe opin ewes ex Sempron ‘ie SCU fee Hira ye, 13, sails, 304-35 kegs quae « «route sunt ego oar: ps a iw. 515206 At mumquam .. emeran: hi ement want avd oo Rea lege ‘Se ip hd en atest, Cro teed son fre death poly, bing I ce pray o i rune Gee The orth Catron Oro gee 124-3) AMiagh Ceo peal a ta tie, inporon of te Seth pny on ier tanker 58 eee soa Ey 7a. 206-007 Praecram «er reins trae retire ra Ide Cio ite mon 507-308 hominem pe cot an Inet re rx fi ni ay to ce th Soa et waar a ce corel or er serpin, Hiner Ey 5) 508-30 tam mature sume gr time Clo welt oe coe in iv je” (mae a ex ein wc hws gaye © 30), ‘eh cuss moran pai captor 29 21 quis. metas = all mea Jor ge se aan ncve Bee fovitine mets ejeave gave (BAD, 03682. 21-12 mon est yeoman = pers finecenda robes quam (nila) inetoe ae seutne Coo oeing he pie of eer xara v0 iho bed ad ig the ue a ‘ne hid old be fed roe than the ‘he svesiti otnins merti, segue se gesies of gn oe Source D9, 313 vetabuntrebes, et arden 28 ‘ale of ems evened ere) 31314 cam tm: te.» th 314 eoilgrtare = cnlgeatarum23516 veer... metus: tte we "Deans eines tps bod wad ave inet of respond 31619 sh dear. om ede ‘em: a med pee and ps ont 0- fet conan: Taded «Fwd mot 316 he; explain by the infin Hewett flows mallet Catinan 317 optim ft: se et ing 10 do, facta apne ine aie oe 402, G6, 318 gaint et ave; contempt tera ad etdam for iin: ad + ‘Sete ofthe geind (a gewdie) ‘hows papa ‘elites wo mage, such aL. Opis {A.C Mara, wl arta iver fre So Heel Ey 12 Ln, {superior coplariam: uci ge ‘ive wit sanguine (B19, 363.1). Nate {a Guo ge ation wept base alives ty epeing titer each on, gue cle royster0% 520 supeiarem. compari: of very ‘mony mon of err tines an exagsrsion, tte stove oor the ses 1 Inet as-300, 320-21 aoa mde... non. sed tam rorontyt bt ‘amnareranthonsareront (ep eo ed eam bona sed ta rons can bese on the peo fit flowed tem ocd oo wal iy 1, La) 321-2 vereodom nib nen erat an serena pane rr 322 be para sam fneret: ‘ie ie 522-23 ne. rdandaa: cle of feaig ater vere e321), 5323 Quod Bf Bt en 528.26. pendent ten ‘hi tie sted comiton of mou pe Co begin ih & pe “a uy ft in a (Ge gamma coniuction (> ‘orion reflects tea i Be £24 he animes abate of econ (22, G00, oloing he aie. 524 iia vite pata: hare acquired by cnrase, pata 6 te pa. loriams a glory; pee c- Seve B17, 340, Chaper30 525 Quamguan: re. mam nal ro roe he some) coma ia, Bae 525-27 gu auton vient st tarrtofcconaton 220 a in bane mimndvetiems: ad pit hi ma a Pt hum et. 11 rele rama. Sine the Tae ‘qs ee ve sto Rom a 09 Be, tbe hue at any Roms wold iting cats boat 0 the Romana Cito wat i fc nr {ef ona teu wou lie Paes Cleve 23.4 and Coo ay I), quoter her. 531.92 perenne subjacent Sater cen inet docouse sn. Ga, 532 fe Manan astra: o Marl cap. tine init tat for Mal amp for wo elt Qovember afer Cero fe br sech(e Hil any 18), 2333 gal nm deat: eave cane of ‘haere (025) or rent (82542). 294 gat no fata 2 aie ase of ‘heb (B43) eee (82842). 538 Quod ss Bur eam (a: he sone pl. 587 adept = adgegverit Gecpe fen ershreino, SB omed... erm iano. neat. 539 sips 8 semen maloeum oman: Chapters ‘0-41 fam di rama: for lone ‘Sone sc fam dl, the preset ee ‘Sedo designe en oon Began ia he essen inte presen (82594) [UO in his perc: aman hse dangers asine's conspiracy had lasted any longoe "hae ew monte tera Ey I), 341 mao quo pat: sans o ther ily 1 don't knowin wha yo ie orn me B253.6 Gn afro O48 toler, vdelnur ‘eva four mae endo, th fine iaeatve i toth camer Fr he omnnve.fom ol the nitive with Videor oe 28 35-16 in ven algae fa vcr ret ae na te vd MEAPOR expron of i Repu oa person ‘Sih ever canis a ms in he OF Towing sence. 347 as erga th the Bar offer ‘Belly wh aw afer NDAD 518 lo elatie of dpe of teens ‘vith compare (823,683). 319 relents cough line 399 be Fe ot ne om) apter 2 351 Quare: Where ‘mantr desinant it... iaseriptmnsjsive ‘stance (875, 63633) 352 quod the anole ie the cane mares. weet a ooh Cet 35253. 359 dean na coma dior sng to stant tm co over 6 (Gee Hiss sy 5) dnd sae the B22, GH) ‘ton: Cro imps hat Cte fa ‘Steeped wind bo eau The pa tere tal este! in or lin the ‘eran wa the afr om wc he di fled overeat lotvng Roa sie Appentic A St obser cam gli crams te rec ge fhe cmt 6 1) Gear may te cefeing he he he ‘oe cre ins 1561 at Cin en sce sani he comm with 3 reap oe December 9, 66. 355 lt «imerptom: le be writen 356 unl claus of cach end er one ‘usm est qston Flowing [St inert ie 35) ho expan by at fete 357 fore = aru, nie comatt: owner thecal Cc may saute wt he ser aanag for he Se rering Yo Riel ote hv Repl Ceo ens hth Repbic ‘iy te feria wo Anos Hybrid, he wl ene os Calis pare onslr cep lng wih Him? (22364 profes impersive of pode. isl Ey 13. 135 Ty, Iappiter: Cieao 2 promnaty 358 in vais, inte Seow. equating te se fie! Sh, a ‘ius among esos hoe enpe hy were esas 399 in omnibus Hoa tal good men, 3656 Teves: ref {Gene ec cts of > gon Ty pte ql eesti nei th ght spit Cilic's cone tmp ul bee wb (ett) ty. Cero wil expnd th home ia bs ah Reman Tie cnn sty tor ‘rurh Crnariee Oration ines 19-235 Roma ws sido hve vowed he tele elcid pln fs permaoeat aon ring th war th th Sains, Ba at fal ond fare (conceal), pot acy bai antl 24 ne (ioe ts tt ces Bos TORS urea t Btor oms ptr fife cane together to oppose Calo genta conmpincy oe the Hist Esty 8). 367 ae sks it at of 390-4 ot deat aca ares ee 368. 60 pati, inhstrata, oppress, vind 36) hie bonoram nimics no ata eer th CLAN of as Webs Se enminfie fo nen det et Trigsenedye we of asDeTON. Sata le 37) a ts patie ‘odlatenes ai. caper 370-71 acters suppiis vos mort 1362 Mice = His ce ba ec puicle_aoqt ious eas ho he ph ‘dt cy corain Genonaraive po. tat of wiked men afer thi ae nein: fom omen na ice Sonat shart wi i jon af ach ‘inte hee mm alive of noon a mre ton lath oh atl. ‘enue. cheumnce (21) Con's tron Oran (her 105-10) Since Bh ‘ome dt al izes will wrk ingress were acd othe Ses it ‘amt Calne ae (2d) event for Ca daepeny cant be empl by ill ‘nce pam com summa rel pobliese coin udeoce Cicero's Second Catilinarian Oration Delivered November 9, 63 x: tothe ‘Roman People in the Forum capter choices bc ed ye el afin 1 Tandem liguandh: Pinal, Ar ax. eng len at ea ven Caine (uit Cio hsm wath reper Rane yee exes sey atk ty of addesing te Rooun people wien powell os. ‘qa he Rost. Ls Liam (cc -5 Ab, exe, ea erupt ca five) ittaniate at ominive, Lace atc en, mee oe povet y St vdesstlesevlvers dle, vor, AWRDETON Gk of acomecte Wot) te Anerson td Tmicovon. 5 Nella fam: No esr prac pene ono mye hs Utne shang of t+ dae desman feFistor! Ey T The Catilinarian Conspiracy in Context 1. Lucius Sergius Catilina “Lucius Sergius Catlina was bor into an old patrician and noble family, but ‘no one from his family had achieved the consulship in quite some time. CCiline was determined to revive his fay’ fortunes. He was bor i 108 1c. or perhaps a few years earlier By all accounts, he was a handsome, charismatic young man who led a wild and liceatious lifestyle. Both Cicera (inthe Catnaran Orations) and Sellust (BC 5 and 14) characterize him a8 cunning and ambitious, with a tendency toward sexual excess and depravity Catline was als fous fr being ale to endure hunger, cold, and ther phy ical hardships. Cicero eastigates Caine for using his powees of endurance for isgraeful ends: “ying on the ground not only to wat for debauchery, but also to seek out crime; staying awake not only to plot against the sleep of ‘husbands, but also against the goods of peaceful eitizens." Late, inthe Pro Caco (12-14), Cicero puts a more postive spin on Catiline'sIestle, raising his excellence in war, legendary endurance, generosity to frends, and extraordinary charisma. ‘Dring the Italian War, Catlin served inthe nother fron under Pompeius Strabo, the Father of Pompey the Great. The young Cicero also served under Strabo, soit is ikely that Cicero got to know Caine at this time Catiine served as legate (leutenant-geeral) under Sulla, and participated in Sulla's prosriptios of $2-81 nc, killing several members ofthe equestrian order, Including, perhaps, his own beotberin la. He also i said to have tortured snd Killed Maris” adopted nephew, Marius Gratidianus, on te tomb of Q [Lataas Catlus, asa favor to his friend Q. Lutaius Catulus the younger. Gratidianus had prosecuted the elder Catulus, who had commited suicide rather than face conviction, and so the murder of Gatdianus seems to have been a revenge king Many years later (in 6 mc), Catiline was tried on charges of having commited these murders, but was sequited,Catline pre argued, a had thers before him, that he had simply been carrying‘out Sulla’ orders.’ 73 nc. a Vestal Virgin named Fabia was charged with being unchaste, and Catlin was impliated inher cime:* The details of the ease xe unclear, but the prosecutor eventually withdrew the case against Fabia; Catilne's name was cleared a well, wih the help of hs frend Quintus [Lutatus Catulus, who testified in is favor. ‘Cicero and Sallut further suggest that at various times during the next few years Catiline committed several acts of adultery, incest and murder. In his First Cailinarin Oration (chapter 14), fr example, Cicero accuses CCtline of murdering his first wife in order to marry his second; elsewhere the charges that Catline's second wife was also his daughter through an ‘adulterous clationehip, Sells claims that Catiline murdered his stepson to ‘make way for his second wife Tt is moteworthy thatthe stores of Catline's familial crimes change with each telling; Furthermore, the names of the alleged victims are not given, and these cherges are not corroborated by any independent accounts. In order to evaluate such accusations, we need to ‘understand thatthe Romans did not hesitate to exaggerate or even fabricate charges agnnst a political competitor or personal enemy; suc allegations were considered part of the geare of political invective Catiine was ready known for his loote morals and high living and was Cicero's chief rival fr the consulship in the election of 6¢ nc, s0 we should not wonder that Cicero (and Salt, following im) should charge the man with adultery, incest, and various familial murders on litle or no evidence. Ths it seems best to take these particular accusations with a healthy grain of sal. In 68 nc. Catiline served aterm asa practor. This elective office was the second highest i the Republic and was seen a a stepping-stone tothe con sulship (ee Appendix A). After his pratorsip,Catilie served fortwo years 1s governor of the Roman province of Afice (se Map 4). The competition for the highest offces—especialy the consulship—bad recently become ‘ore intense with the inewease in the number of citizens afer the Kalan ‘War, Furthermore, te competition was especially fierce in the mid-60s 3c; ‘The censors for 70 mc. had expelled sixty-four senators from the Senate these men were all seeking reletion to those offices (quaestor, praetor, and consul) that would allow them to become members of the Senate once ‘more: Because of the ineessed competition for higher offices, high levels of spending during the elections (otherwise known as electoral bribery were considered necestary. For many politicians, the governorship of a provines ‘vas an importane source of funds. Governors had to walk fine Tne between collecting whatever funds they might need for thei future careers and extotng so much money out of their provinces that they would be put on tial for extortion when they returned. A Roman governor and his staff were expected to leave their province far wealthier than they had been when they arived (cf. Catullus’ Poem 10); bur if governor's grad was excasive, an embassy from his province could come to Rome and complain tothe Senate. If the Senate found the information credible, the governar would be tied for ‘extortion (pecuniae repetunda: see, for example, the ease of C. Vere, ds- cussed below), In Catiline’s case, a delegation from Africa came to Rome land presented their evidence tothe Senate before the governor ad even returned from his province." By the time Catiline had arived back in Rome in the summer of 66 1. it was clear that he ould be teed for extortion, “Meanwhile, the consular elections of 66 nt elect the consul fr 68) ‘were embroiled in scandal. The winners of the election, Autonius Pastus ‘nd P. Comalins Sulla (he dictator's nephews), had been charged with elec- tora bribery (ambit) by the two defeated candidates, L, Torquatus and 1, Cotta Both Autronius and Sulla were convieted, anda new election was ‘eld, Catlne, who had just arrived from Africa, put himself forward as a candidate for this second election. The presiding consul, Lucius Voleacius ‘ull, aller seeking the advice from leading men of the state, rejected CCailie’s candidacy, ether because of his upcoming til for extortion or because he had not announced his candidacy within the specified period. Although tis imposible to tll for sure which ofthese reasons is more comet, the impending extortion tral makes the most sense. A person about to be charged on a criminal offense was not automatically barred from seeking & publi office, but it did nt look good forthe Republi; this may explain why ‘olcaciusTullus felt the need to reek advice before making his decision. As TP, Wiseman notes (1994: 340): “I he [Catling] were elected, ar even allowed to stand, it would be a deplorable vitor for corruption over the rule ‘of lav.” Catlin would have no reason to announce & Inte candidacy, how- ever, since there would be no chance ofits being accepted At any rate, Catlin was not allowed to run forthe consulship: Torquaus and L. Cotta, ‘who had ost the first election, were declzedthe winners ofthe second. ‘What happened next i extemely unclear. Both Cicero and Sallust report vague rumors about a conspiracy in which the two ousted consuls, Auonius and Sulla, planned t murder tbe winners of the second election, Cotta and "Torqatu, on thei fs ay in oie (Ianuary 1,65 Re) and instal themselves as consuls in their stead. In some ofthese rumors, Caine was implicated in ‘the plot, which was also supposed to involve the slaughter of men from theupper class and the murder of many senators." Because of Catlne's alleged involvement, his scheme has been dubbed “The Fist Catlnaian Conspiracy.” butt snow widely agreed tht, if there was such plot, Catlne hod nothing to do with i! Nothing sctually happened on January 1, 65 8 andthe rumors themselves are extremely vague. Acconling to Cicero (Cat 1.15), Caliline was seen in the Forum on December 29, 66 a.c., armed with ‘weapon (cum fel). Cicero accuses Catlin of planning to “kil the consuls and the leaders ofthe state"; bat, as R. Seager (1964: 339) noes, his ace sation makes no sense: “Those who would do murder on New Year's Day do rot conduct dess-tehearsals on the last day of December.” There ae any ‘umber of reasons why Catline might have been caring a wespon on December 29." Furthermore, while Autronis and Sulla may have hid a ‘motive fr ousting the consuls who had replaced them, Ctline had none; he hhad not yet made even a single run for the consulship. It was only alter CCatiine had lost two consular elections that he had any reason to usm to violence. Finally, M. Torguatus, on ofthe intended victims, defended Cati- line in his extortion tal ater that year. Trquatus Would not have testified in Catline's favor if he thought that Catiline had been involved in a plot to ‘murder him ‘So what can we conclude about the existence or nonexistence of a pot to ill the consuls on January 1, 65 1..? The fact thatthe Senate voted body- guards to. Targus and L, Cota points to thelikeibood that someone was Ploting against the new consuls. The evidence seems 19 suggest, however, that—if there was a conspiracy t© murder Torquatus and Cotta—Catline had no part init be simply had no reason todo so. So much tne hasbeen devoted to discussing this nonevent, parly because the so-called First Catilinarin Conspiracy does make a prominent appearance in many older accounts ofthis period.” But ths discussion also shows bow easy it was to spread fase rumors in ancient Rome, especially about man who ltr became as ated as Caine, and how well such rumors could stick. I is ony by sjecting the svailable evidence to a critical examination tat scholars can have any hope of gaining accurate knowledge shoat the ancient wold 1InG5 ne. Catline was finaly tied on charges that he had extorted an exces sive amount of money from the province of Afkica If aoquited, Catline was ‘expected ton in 64. forthe consulship of 63; but if found gui, be woud ‘be constitutionally debared ffom runing The previous year, when the ‘mbasy from Aca presented its evideace othe Senate his gui hd seemed sundantly clean But Cate bad powerful rend. Cicero, speculating bout the elections of 64, wrote to his frend AMieus: “Caine will certainly compete, 1s lng asthe jury decides thatthe sun does ot shine st noon" Just a Cicero nad predicted, Catline was acquited. There were persistent rumors that the prosecutor, P Cling, hal colluded with the defense inthe matter of jury selection. Furthermore, a5 mentioned above, L Torquaus, the consul, had spoken in Cailie’s defense. Bribery had also clearly been involved: the ‘wealth that Catlin had acquired in Aca must have stood him in god stead ‘As ne wag pati, Catiline “let that al as impoverished as some of his jurors had been when they entered it" The combination of edly money snd power- fal friends was hard to beat. Bven Cicero had briefly considered defending him. He wrote to AVtcas shortly before the cial: “A this time am thinking about defending my fellow-candidste, Calne. We have got the jurors we wanted, alg with the retest goodwill ofthe prosecuto: I hope tha. if bei acquitted he wil collaborate with mein the election campaign” In the even, Cicero di not speak in Catlie's defense, and the prospective collaboration id not materialize (as we shall see, Catlin collaborated with another candi- ate against Cicero), But the fat that so many prominent etzen were rshing ‘ois side shows that in 65 mc. Catine was sll very uch a member ofthe ‘Roman politcal establishment By the summer of 64 nc. Catitne had been aequited of all charges, and he was finally fee to run fr the consulship. He had six compatitors, but only wo of them presented any serous competition: C. Antonius Hybrida, io came from a noble bat plebeian family, andthe novus homo M, Tullius Cicero, Catlin, who was both a noble and a patrician, decided to form a partnership with Antonius inthe bopes of preventing Cicero's election.™ At ‘his point Caiive's story merges with tat of Cicero, and it isto Cicero's Iie that we now must um, Discussion Questions 1. How do you thnk Catitine's family background and personal character ‘ight have Ted him to expect to have the opportunity 9 serve as consul? 2. Catline was accused by Cicero, Sallust, and others of having commited several murder as well as oes of incest and adultery. Which (if eny) of these accusations do you find credible and why? 3, What general information about provincial administration in the late Republic can you ascertain from the story of Catlin’s tial and sequital fon charges of extortion from the province of Airica?4. What isthe evidence for and agnnst the conclusion that here was plot to kill the newly elected consuls on January 1,65 2.7 Do you think tha, sucha plot existed? 2, Marcus Tullius Cicero: Youth and Early Political Career Youth 1M. Tullius Cicero was born i 106 Re. in the town of Arpinum, about sixty mls south-east of Rome (02 Map 3) The residents of Arpinum had been ‘ranted Roman citizenship in 188 Bc, so by Cicero's time they considered ‘themselves thoroughly Roman. Cicero's family was promineat in local poli ties; but, of course, that was sial-town stu compared to the power and. ‘prestige ofthe political ie at Rome. To be sure, the distinguished patrician ‘Aemilius Scaurus had complimented Cicero's grandfather by telling him ‘hace should have exercised his talents on the larger tage of Roman polities, but noone in his family had ever done So. Cicero's father was detenmined that his sons would have this opportunity. At an early age Cicero and his ‘younger brother, Quintus, were brought to Rome to pursue their education in Roman lav, Greek hetric and philosophy, an, of couse, Roman polities. In91 ac. a the outbreak of the alan War, Cicero served on the staff of, Pompeins Strabo, the father of Pompey the Great. Cicero certainly met Pompey (who was the same age as himself) at that time, and he probably ret Calne there as wel, since Calline had also served with Strabo (see Historical Essay IL). Perhaps it was because ofthat early connection that ‘Cicero had considered defending Caslne a is extortion tial in 65 a. and Forming an electoral alliance with him. ‘After serving inthe Taian War, Cicero remained in Rome during the civil, wars of 87-82 me, completing his education and keeping a low profile. ‘Cicero's family seems also to have remained unscathed bythe proscipions ‘hat followed Cicero began his legal career in 81 nC, and he bad the oppor tunity to argue an important casein the following year wien he defended Sextus Roscius on a charge of paricide (Pro Roscio Amerino). The trial took place during Sulla's consulship (80 a), against the backdrop of the proscription, and it gives us a rae insight int the sordid machinations of this ptiod. Sextus Rossius Senor, a well-o- the election of 100 nc), bu there is no reason to suspect tat Caine ‘nud planned any violent scion at this time. Cicero's famous breastplate was ‘more melodrama than judicious precaution; but as melodrama it was sue- cessful, The fears of violence inspired by Cicero's armor and his bodyguard ‘tumed enough votes away from Calne to give Murena the vitory, along with Decimus Junius Silanus. As Cicero himself later explained (Pro ‘Muyena 53) "a a consular election, a sudden change of opinion is impor- tant, especially when it inclines toward a good man whose candidacy is supplied with many other advantages” Thus Cicero's histrionis succeeded in proving for his chosen candidate, Murena, the same kin of last-minute swing of opinion that he had gained for himself with his speech In toga candida te previous yeas. For Cicer, wih his equestian background, Catilne's talk of land reform and remission of debt threatened the rule of law and the right of private ropety, upon which Cicero believed dat Roman society wat built, While such views were no doube atleast partially comec, Cicero and ater opiates seriously underestimated the depth of economic discontent that gripped much of Italy, paticularly Etruria, where Sulla's land confisations had caused serious economic damage. As Plutarch notes (Cicero 10): “Rome was in an extremely unstable condition and ready 10 fall into revoltion on sccount ofthe great disparity of wealth ..o that affairs needed only a slight ‘movement to upset the balance, and it was inthe power of any bold adven- turer to overturn the government, which was itself diseased atts core.” ‘Tie Cncn Cincy Cot 18 ‘With the loss ofthis election, Cate had exhausted all eitimate avenues for seeking the position he craved. During his two runs for the consulship, he had gained large following, including not only many desperate men, who were willing to resort to violence to obtain a better way of life, but also ‘few wealthy individual ike himself who hoped to gain power through the masses. Asa member ofthe Roman nobility, Ctlne believed be had sight to Rome’s highest office; and he was determined to acquire that office by any means necessary. Furthermore, Catline might have gained some conti- ‘dence in the thought tat he would not be the frst Roman to mach on Rome at the heal of an army. He may well have felt dhe same way that Pompey supposedly did, some fourteen years later, on te eve of civil war “Sulla ott, ¢20 non potro?”™ Discussion Questions 1. How did it happen that men fom widely divergent soiceconomi back: rounds were burdened by debt? 2, How did Calin use the problem of widespread debt for his own plieal advantage? 3. What conclusion can you daw about Catiline's politcal persona fom the shetorc of his speech at a preelection rally? From his response to Cat's threatened lawsuit? From his metaphor of the Republic's two bodies? 4, Do you see any similarities between the strategy of Cicero's speech In 1a candida, by which he helped secue his own election, and his actions atthe 63 nc. consular eleetions? ‘5. The Early Stages of the Conspiracy Immediately alter the consular elections, Ctline began to set his plans for a Violent insurrection into metion.” Catline’s conspiracy included men from all walks of life: senators, equestrians, ordinary citizens, and evea feedmen swelled his ranks. Because the conspiracy ultimately did ot succeed, many ofthe conspirators never revealed ther identities. OF those who were known, seven ofthe most important conspirators willbe briefly mentioned here: the ‘ve who were eventually executed (Lentulus, Cethegus, Status, Gabinius, and Ceparus) one key conspirator who escaped (L. Cassius), and one (Q. Curis) who played an important role in uncovering the conspiracy“The most prestigious member of the conspiracy was the praetor Publius CCormelins Lentulus Sura. He had been consul in 71 sc. but bad been expelled from the Senate the following year, along with sixty-thre others ‘According to Plutarch (Cicero 17), Lentulus was expelled for his Heentious behavior. By 69 ac. he was again climbing the cursus honorm, and in 6 Ine had reached the rank of proctor. The conspirators undoubtedly hoped that ‘Lents’ high office would lend some legitimacy to their scheme. Cicero ‘des not speak highly of Lentulus”inteligeace, however. In his Third Cari ‘narian Oration, Cicero derides Lents torpor (sommum Cat. 3.16); and in the Bruns (a dialogue on oratory, published in 46 m), he claims that Lentulus used to hide the slowness of his thinking by the dignity of his man- et, the elegant movement of his body, and his sonorous voice (Brutus 235) LLenealus’ actions as deputy chit of the conspiracy in Rome after Catline’s Aepartre (on November 8; se below) seem to bear out Cicero's assessment Lucius Casts Longinus had been a prutor in 66 mc. with Cicero and ‘Antonius and was also a candidate with them forthe consulship of 63 uc. ‘According to Asconis (82), asa consular candidate, Cassius “seemed tobe stupid rather than wicked, but few months later he showed up in Catiline's conspiracy a8 promoter of the crulest and most bloodthirsty proposes.” CCoero claims that Castus had asked to be put in charge of the plot ro set fires throughout Rome (Cat. 3.14). Cassius was also noted for his corpulence (Cat. 3.16) Casi left town the night of December 2 and was never caught "Another senatorial member ofthe conspiracy, C. Comelius Cethegus, was ‘now for is erary recklessness (furlosam temertatem: Cat 3.16). According to Sallst (BC 43), Cethegus “constantly complained thatthe otber conspirators ‘were dragging ther feet, affieming that by their hesitation and delay they were wasting great opportunities." large cache of weapons was eventually recovered from Cethegus' house (Cicero Ca. 38). ‘Lucius Stale was of equestrian rank (Sallust BC 17). A key player in the conspiracy, Status was part ofthe plot to set fires around the ety in ‘order to create confusion (Sallut BC 43), Status wrote one ofthe inctmi- nating ener tothe Allobroges (see below) and was eventually executed for his oe inthe conspiracy, P.Gabinius Capito, another equestrian, was also a leading member of the conspiracy. He was implicated inthe plot to set fies in Rome and played an imporant role in negotiations withthe Allobroges (Cicero Cat. 3.14) M. Ceparis, «native of Terracina, bad been assigned the task of sting up a slave revolt in Apuli (Sallust BC 46; Cicero Cat. 3.14). Last, but not lest, Q. Curius deserves to be mentioned. A former senator, Curis had also been expelled from the Senate in 70 ne. because of his vices; he was apparently a notorious gambler (Asconius 93). According to ‘Sallust (BC 23), “his fickleness was matched by his boldness; he could not ‘keep quiet about what he had heard, nor did he even bother to conceal his ‘own eximes. He was uterly thoughtless of what he ssid and di” Quintus’ curious lack of disretion seems to have been the key to the ‘unraveling ofthe conspiracy. Sallust informs us that Curis was having an alli with en uppercass woman named Pulvia, Aer a wie, a his nds ‘began to runout and his gifts to her became less lavish, Fulvi began to lose interest in the relationship. But suddealy he began to make extravagant promises to his mistress, telling her that “the sky was the limit” and that he ‘would soon be able to buy Der whatever er heart desired.” After & few questions, Fulvia discovered the reason behind her lover's braggadocio: he ‘was planning to get rich quick by helping to overthrow the government. As soon as Falvia eared ofthe plot, she tld several people about it, including (Cicero; and she continued to keep Cicero informed as the plot unfolded.” Crus’ extravagant promises to Falva azo help us understand why 0 ‘many men of senatorial rank would be wiling to take part in Catlins hare- brained scheme. While discontented peasants and urban poor were hoping for a redistribution of land and an end to crushing deb, men like Lentlus, (Carus, andthe others discussed above were hoping to Tesd the disaffected ‘masses into battle and to alan, through them, the abundant wealth and power that hod s fr eluded their grasp, As Sallst explains (BC 17.5), the "pper-class conspirators were “motivated more by the hope of supremacy {spes dominaions) than by poverty or other dstess." In late July or early August of 63 nc. Callie sent Gaius Mantis, an ex-centusion from Sull’s army, to Faesulae in norther Etruria (see Map 3) to organize an army. Manlius easily recruited followers among the poor and desperate peasantry, many of whom had lost thir land during Sula’ pro- scriptions. Manlius alo found followers among Sulla’s veterans who had not been successful at farming, and he even recruited some local oudaws Gallust BC 28.4) While Manlius was in Etruria rising troops, a smaller force was being organized in icenum (see Map 3), and a slave revolt was planned for Apulia (Sallust BC 27.1. Catiline himself stayed in Rome to orchestrate the movements of his followers. ‘Some eters were mysteriously let outside of Crassus’ door one night in ‘mid-October. One was addressed to Crassus, the resto other leading senators ‘Upon opening the leer adresse to hin, Crassus found an unsigned warningto Teave the city, as Catlin was planning a massacre. Crassus hurried 19 Cicero's house tat same night, bringing the ret ofthe letters with him. The ext day Cicero called a meeting of the Senate, at which the rest of the lets were opened and reed. When they were found to contain sinilar wamings, the Senate declared a sate of disorder tumuli) and instituted a search for ‘more information” Within a few days, Cicero had acquired more definite information about ‘the conspirators’ plans, probably through Fuvia. He called a meeting ofthe ‘Senate for October 21, at which he informed thems that Manlius and his followers were set to begin their march against Rome on October 27. A ‘coordinated massaere of leading citizens was to take place in Rome on October 28, and an uprising inthe Sullan colony of Pracneste (se Map 3) was planned foe November | (Cat. 17-8) The Senate now passed the SCU against Cate: Decrevit.. senatus uti... consul videret ne quid ves publica detrimenti caperet (Cicero Ca. 14)" This was the first tie tat the Senate had passed the SCU since Lepidus rebellion in 78 nc In addition to passing the SCU, the Senate raised several amies. Q. Marcius Rex and Metlias Crtieus ‘were sent ax proconsuls with armed forces to Faesulae and Apulia, respec tively. The praetor Q. Pompeius Rufus was sent to Capua, ad his colleague “Metelle Coler was sent to Picenum, with emergency powers to levy troops (Gallet C30), Cicero fortified Pracneste with guards and a military garson (Cat, 18) and ordered night watches tobe setup in all districts of Rome, ‘The city was gripped by panic. few days later, on November I or 2, aseaa- ‘or named L, Stenivs read a eter tothe Senate fom Faesulae reporting that ‘Manlius ha infact taken up arms on October 27. Slave revolts were aso reported in Capua and Apul ‘As Q. Marcius was leading his army toward Faesulae, Manlius seat an embassy to him with eter in which the rebels begged for deb elie, and explained the eason for their armed rebellion, According to Sallust (B33), the leter read as follows: We call upon the gods and men as witnesses, commander, that we have not taken up arms against oar fatherland, nor do we wish to place others in danger, but we act to protect our bodes and keep them safe from harm, We are the wretched [ser], Most have been driven from ou fatherland through violence and the ervey of moneylenders; ll of us have been depeved of fame and fortune. Marcius listened to the ambassadors’ words and then advised the rebels to pat down their weapons and make dei petition before the Senate in Rome: "The Senate of the Roman people bas always been so full of compassion and my tht no one bas ever sought its help in vain” (Sallut BC 34) The ambassadors, however, retuned to Manlius’ camp, apparently uawillng 1 lake ther chances wit the Senate's compassion, “Meanwhile, Catlin, who vas silat Rome, was formally charged with public violence under the lex Plauta de vi Catiline knew that there was not sufficient evidence to tie him tothe conspiracy, so he offered to lace ‘himself in the custody of various senators, who would then be able to vouch for his innocence. Each senator Catiline approached, however (including CCioero himsei, efused to take responsibility for him (Cicero Ca. 119)-AS st tumed out, Catiine left Rome before he could be brought to tal. But Catiline's bod offer reveals Cicero's difficult position: Cicero didnot have enough evidence against Catlne to actualy ares im: if he waited until he had undeniable proof of Catiline's gil, however, the safety af Rome could ‘be pt into jeopardy ‘October 28 came and went without incident, With no clear proof that Cat- line was involved inthe conspiracy, Cicero was not in a positon to ake any action beyond the defensive measures tat he hd alkeady set in motion. The ‘Senate was reluctant to move against one of is own, and Cicero knew this, Although the Senate s a whole had passed the SCU, many individual sena- ‘ors remained unconvinced that Catiline himself was involved (Cat. 130) ‘And while Cicero's own measures had prevented the attack on October 28, the very fact that nothing happened made him seem an alarmist. Cicero Aecided to take no Further action until he had solid evidence. ‘Some evidence was soon forthcoming. On the night of November 6, the leading conspirators in Rome meta the house of M.Porius Laeca (a senator and a member of Catlines inner circle; Sallust BC 17), o revise ther plan ‘of attack, Commanders were assigned to various regions of Italy: Apulia, [iruria,Picenum, and Cisalpine Gaul, Others were to remain in Rome and coordinate plans for arson and murder in the city in conjunction with a planned attack by Mantis" troops at Faesula. Catiline himself had decided to join Manlius’ camp so that be could lead the troops in their march on Rome. The conspirators also realized that the consul Cicero posed a serous threat o their plans. Antonius, the other consul, had been closely allied with Catiline daring the elections, and his neutrality (f not support) could be