ME 210 University of Hafr Al Batin

Faculty of Engineering
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Drawing & Graphics
Lecture # 10:

Section View & Sectioning

Course Instructor:
Muhammad Shahzeb Khan.
mshahzeb@uhb.edu.sa
Disclaimer
• The content of this lecture is referenced to the textbook, online
courses, web tutorials. Author of this lecture claim no credit of this
work as being his.

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Overview of the lecture
• What is section view and sectioning?
• Why sectioning is needed?
• Terminologies (definitions)
• What is Hatching?
• Types of section view
• Special cases of section view
• Worked out examples
• Auxiliary views
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 Objectives
•Understand the cutting planes and section views
of objects.
•Understand the different types of section views.
•Understand the use of different hatching lines
for different materials.

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What is Section View and Sectioning?
• Section views are used when • The method of creating a section
important hidden details are in view is called Sectioning.
the interior of an object.
• A Section is a view that shows
the outline of the object at the
cutting plane.
• Visible outlines beyond the
cutting plane are not drawn.

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 Why do We do Sections
Section views are used for the following purposes:
1. clarify details
2. show internal features clearly
3. reduce number of hidden detail lines required
4. aid dimensioning
5. show cross-section shape
6. clarify an assembly

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 Terminologies (Definitions)
• Sectioning
It is defined as an imaginary cut made
through an object to expose the interior or
to reveal the shape of a portion.
• Sectional View
A sectional view is a view of an imaginary
surface, exposed by an imaginary cutting of
an object, allowing interior details to
become visible. It is a view in which all or a
substantial portion of the view is sectioned.
• Cutting Plane
Cutting plane is a plane that imaginarily cuts
the object to reveal the internal features.
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 Terminologies (Definitions)
• Cutting Plane Line
 Cutting plane line is an edge view of the cutting
plane.
 The cutting-plane line indicates the path that an
imaginary cutting plane follows to cut through an
object.
 The arrows at the ends of the cutting-plane line
indicate the direction of sight for the sectional
view.
 Arrows are placed at both ends of the cutting
plane line to indicate the direction of sight
• Section Lining (Hatching)
 Section lining shows the locations where the
object is cut by the cutting plane or the location
where the surface or surfaces are cut by the
cutting plane.
 Symbol for section lining is different for different
materials.
 Section lines are represented by thin, black lines
drawn at 450 to the horizontal, unless there is
some specific reason for using a different angle.
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 Labeling Cutting Planes

Note that each section (A-A and B-

B) is completely independent.

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 Cutting-plane Line Style
a) It is made up of equal dashes, each about 6 mm (1/4“) long ending in arrowheads.
b) The alternative style, uses alternating long dashes and pairs of short dashes and ends with arrowheads.
c) Both lines are drawn the same thickness as visible lines.
d) The arrowheads at the ends of the cutting plane line indicate the direction in which the cutaway object
is viewed.

Alternative Methods for Showing a Cutting Plane A and

B.

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Practice: Visualizing Cutting-Plane Direction

Correct and Incorrect Cutting-Plane Line Placement

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 Rules for Lines in Section Views
a) Show edges and contours
that are now visible behind
the cutting plane.
b) Omit hidden lines in section
views.
c) A sectioned area is always
completely bounded by a
visible outline.
d) A visible line can never cross
a sectioned area in a view of
a single part.

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 Section-lining (Hatching) Technique
1. Uniformly spaced by an interval of about 2.5 mm
2. Not too close together
3. Uniformly thin, not varying in thickness
4. Distinctly thinner than visible lines
5. Used to show areas that have been cut by the cutting plane
6. Grouped in parallel line pattern and usually drawn at a 450 angle
7. Continuous line and thin (0.3 mm)

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 Section-lining Technique Continued….

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 Section-Lining (Hatching) Symbols
Section-lining symbols may be used to indicate specific materials.
These symbols represent general material types only, such as cast iron, brass, and steel.

Symbols for Section Lining

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 Section-Lining (Hatching) in CAD
CAD programs usually include libraries that allow you to
select from a variety of section-lining patterns, making it
easy to use different patterns, angles, and scales for the
spacing of the
pattern.

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Types of Section Views
1. Full section
2. Offset section
3. Half section
4. Broken-out section
5. Revolved section
6. Removed section.
7. Auxiliary section etc.

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 Full Section View
• A full section is simply a
section of one of the
regular multi views that is
cut completely in two.
• When the cutting plane
passes through the entire
object a full sectional view
is obtained.
• Hidden lines are omitted
from sectional view.
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 Offset Sections View
In sectioning complex objects, it is often desirable to show features that do not lie in a straight line by
“offsetting” or bending the cutting plane. These are called offset sections.

Note the offset cutting plane line is not straight

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 Half Sections View
• Symmetrical objects can be shown effectively using a special type of
section view called a half section.
• A half section exposes the interior of half of the object and the exterior of
the other half.
• This is done by removing one quarter of the object.
• A center line is used to separate the sectioned half from the un-sectioned
half of the view.
• As usual, hidden lines are omitted from sectional view.

Half section

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 Broken Out Section View
 It often happens that only a partial section of a view is
needed to expose interior shapes.
 Such a section, limited by a break line, is called a broken out
section.

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 Special Cases: Ribs in Section
To avoid giving a false impression of thickness and solidity, ribs, webs, gear
teeth, and other similar flat features are not hatched with section lining even
though the cutting plane slices them.

Thin features are not hatched

even though the cutting plane
passes lengthwise through
them.

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 Special Cases: Partial Views
If space is limited on the paper or to save time, partial views may be used with sectioning.

Another method of drawing a partial view is to break out much of the circular view, retaining
only those features that are needed for minimum representation.

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 Assembly Sections
Section views are often used to create assembly drawings.

Notice that the hatching on different parts has different

hatch patterns or hatch at different angles. When used on
the same part, the hatching is always at the same angle
to help you recognize the parts easily.

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Practice Example

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Auxiliary views
• There are times when the six principal views will not completely
describe an object.
• This is especially true when there are inclined or oblique planes or
features on an object. For these cases, a special orthographic view
called an auxiliary view can be created.
• An auxiliary view is not one of the six principal views.
• An auxiliary view is an orthographic view which is projected onto any
plane other than the frontal, horizontal, or profile plane.
• One of the principle reasons for drawing auxiliary views is to show a
surface at true size and shape.

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Principle Views vs Auxiliary Views

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Practice Example

Auxiliary views in Soldiworks

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 Questions
• What are the different types of sections?
• What are rules for hatching?
• What are the symbols used for cutting line, sections and
ribs?
• Name the lines that are used for cutting line, section line,
hatching.
• Define aligned sections, assembly section, conventional
break, intersection.
• Why we need auxiliary views?

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