ARCH 1233

RSW: 01
TITLE: SWITCHES
DATE GIVEN: September 12, 2020
DUE DATE: September, 25 2020
REFERENCES:
https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/digital/chpt-4/switch-types/
https://www.electronicsurplus.com/
https://www.scribd.com/

APOLINARIO JOMARIE G.
AR. EARL QUINN VARILLA, UAP.
SWITCHES
In electrical engineering, a switch is an electrical component that can disconnect or connect the
conducting path in an electrical circuit, interrupting the electric current or diverting it from one
conductor to another. The most common type of switch is an electromechanical device consisting of
one or more sets of movable electrical contacts connected to external circuits. When a pair of
contacts is touching current can pass between them, while when the contacts are separated no
current can flow.

Power Switching
When a switch is in the on state, its resistance is near zero and very little power is dropped in the
contacts; when a switch is in the off state, its resistance is extremely high and even less power is
dropped in the contacts.

Manually Operated Electromechanical Device or MOED

is the most familiar form of switch with one or more sets of electrical contacts, which are connected to
external circuits.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF SWITCHES

According to Voltage
Electrical switches are electromechanical devices that are used in electrical circuits to control power,
detect when systems are outside their operating ranges, signal controllers of the whereabouts of
machine members and workpieces, provide a means for manual control of machine and process
functions, control lighting, and so on. Electrical switches come in a variety of styles and are actuated
by hand, foot, or through the detection of pressure, level, or objects. Switches can be simple on-off
types or can have multiple positions that, for instance, can control the speed of a multi-speed fan.
Switch operators can be found in various shapes and sizes, such as toggles or buttons, and can be
furnished in a variety of colors.

Types of Electrical Switches

There are many different types of electrical switches. Switch function is defined by the number of
poles and throws the switch has. “Poles” are individual circuits the switch controls (e.g., a “3-pole”
switch has three circuits controlled by the same throw). “Throws” are unique positions or settings for
the switch (e.g., a “double-throw switch” can operate in two different positions like on/off, high/low,
etc.). Combining the number of poles and throws gives a succinct description of the switch’s function,
so the function of, for instance, a “single-pole, double-throw” switch is implicit. Switch types are
commonly abbreviated for brevity, so a single-pole, double-throw switch would be referred to as an
“SPDT” switch.
The simplest type of switch is a single-pole, single-throw (SPST) device that functions as an on-off
switch. Double-pole, double-throw (DPDT) switches are commonly employed as internal polarity
reversing circuits. Switches of up to four poles and three throws are common and some have breaks.

Foot Switches
Foot Switches are electro-mechanical devices used to control power in an electrical circuit by foot
pressure. They are often used on machines where an operator needs his or her hands to stabilize a
workpiece. Key specifications include the number of pedals, switching function, voltage rating, and
current rating. Foot switches find use in many press applications where hand controls cannot be used
to actuate a cycle. They are also commonly used in hospital equipment and office machines.

Level Switches
Level Switches are electro-mechanical devices used to detect the level of liquids, powders, or solids.
They are mounted in tanks, hoppers, or bins, and can provide output to a control system. In some
instances, they can be used to actuate a device directly, such as level switches used in residential
sump pumps. Key specifications include measured media, output type, switch type, voltage and
current ratings, and the materials used for the body, stem, and float. Level switches are used
extensively in the process industries to monitor tank and hopper levels. They are used in everyday
applications as well.

Limit Switches
Limit Switches are electro-mechanical devices designed to sense motion and position mechanically
and provide output signals to a controller. They are available as bare switches, or in rugged
enclosures intended for the tough environment of a factory floor. Key specifications include actuator
type, voltage, and current ratings. A variety of actuator types from rods to whiskers ensures that any
manner of machine, component, or workpieces can be sensed by a limit switch. Limit switches are
used in many common consumer machines such as washing machines. In their ruggedized form,
they are used in many types of manufacturing facilities such as steel mills and paper plants.

Magnetic Switches
Magnetic Switches, also known as reed switches, are a type of electrical switch in which the switch
closure mechanism is operated by the presence or absence of a magnetic field. In a typical design,
the switch contacts are normally open when a magnetic field is not in close proximity to the switch,
but then the contacts close to complete the circuit when the magnetic field is applied or when the
switch is in close proximity to a magnetic field from a permanent magnet or the coil of an energized
relay. One application for magnetic switches is to detect the opening and closing of doors and
windows as part of a security system.

Membrane Switches
Membrane Switches are circuit board based electro-mechanical devices that provide tactile control of
processes and machines without the need for individual push switches. They are often custom
designed to suit a particular process. Key specifications include circuit assembly type, actuator type,
and terminal type. The number of keys, graphics, illumination, and displays can also be important
features. Membrane Switches are common in commercial products where incorporating all control
functions into a single device can save costs over using discrete switches.

Pressure Switches
Pressure Switches are electro-mechanical devices used to sense fluid pressure and provide output
signals to a controller. They often employ a diaphragm as the sensing means. Key specifications
include the pressure type, media measured, diaphragm material, pressure connection, minimum and
maximum working pressures, and maximum switch current. Pressure switches are used to keep
pressure within limits in lubrication systems where over-pressure or under-pressure conditions can
result in damage to the machine.

Pull Chain Switches

Pull Chain Switches are electro-mechanical devices that are hand-operated and used to switch a
circuit on and off or step a circuit through increasing power levels. Their most common application is
in lighting where they are used to switch lamps. Pull Rope Switches are used as emergency stop
devices.
Pushbutton Switches
Pushbutton Switches, also referred to as Push Switches, are hand-operated electro-mechanical
devices used for switches and switching circuits. They are the most common variety of switch used
on industrial control panels. Key specifications include single-throw or double-throw switching
function, contact type, mounting type, actuator type, and panel cut-out diameter. The 30 mm cut-out
is a common industrial size. Pushbutton switches make up the bulk of manual switches used in
industrial controls. They are available in a variety of shapes and styles to cover almost any manual
control scenarios. Depending on the anticipated environmental operating conditions, pushbutton
switches can be equipped with protective sealing boots that are designed to prevent the intrusion of
foreign matter and particles, such as sand, dirt, dust, or even liquids, that may cause reliability issues
with the switch mechanisms.

Rocker Switches
Rocker Switches are hand operated electro-mechanical devices used for switching circuits. The
switch operator position, raised or depressed, gives a quick visual indication of the circuit's on or off
status. Key specifications include single-throw or double-throw switching function, mounting type,
actuator type, and panel cut-out dimensions. Rocker switches are used for manual switching in many
industrial controls as well as for control of consumer goods and office machines.

Rotary Switches
Rotary Switches are hand-operated electro-mechanical devices used for switching circuits and
selecting functions. An electrical rotary switch can be two-position, on-off, or can have multiple
discrete stops. Key specifications include the number of poles, number of positions, construction type,
mounting type, and panel cut-out diameter for panel mount switches. Rotary switches are used to
provide a visually verifiable means of switch position, allowing operators to tell with a glance whether
a circuit is energized or not. They are also called Paddle Switches.

Slide Switches
Slide Switches are hand-operated electro-mechanical devices used for switching circuits. The switch
operator is in the form of a slider that moves from position to position to control the circuit status. Key
specifications include single-throw or double-throw switching function, mounting type, and panel cut-
out dimensions.

Thumbwheel/Push wheel Switches

Thumbwheel Switches, also referred to as Push wheel Switches, are hand-operated electro-
mechanical devices used to control electrical circuits with a rotatable wheel. They display a numeric
value corresponding to the switch position. The thumbwheel switch's working principle and key
specifications include the number of positions, mounting type, actuator type, coded output type, and
panel cut-out dimensions. Thumbwheel switches are widely used in the aviation industry for flight
controls, instrumentation, and controllers. They are also used in test and measurement equipment
and computer devices.

Toggle Switches
Toggle Switches are hand-operated electro-mechanical devices used for switching circuits. The
toggle switch operation is actuated by a lever that is pushed through a small arc. Moving the lever
back and forth opens and closes an electrical circuit, while the lever position gives a quick
visualization of the circuit status. Key specifications include single-throw or double-throw switching
function, 1-axis, 2-axis, or 3-axis configuration, or in some cases omnidirectional or joystick toggle
configuration, and actuator type.

Wall Switches
Wall Switches are hand-operated electro-mechanical devices used in residential and commercial
buildings most commonly for lighting control. They are also used to control ceiling fans and electrical
outlets. Key specifications include combination device function, actuator type, and additional switch
functions such as dimmer control, fan speed control, or timer-based switching.

According To Intensity of Use

NPN Relay Switch Circuit
A typical relay switch circuit has the coil driven by a NPN transistor switch, TR1 as shown depending
on the input voltage level. When the Base voltage of the transistor is zero (or negative), the transistor
is cut-off and acts as an open switch. In this condition no Collector current flows and the relay coil is
de energized because being current devices, if no current flows into the Base, then no current will
flow through the relay coil.
If a large enough positive current is now driven into the Base to saturate the NPN transistor, the
current flowing from Base to Emitter (B to E) controls the larger relay coil current flowing through the
transistor from the Collector to Emitter.
NPN Relay Switch Circuit
Note that the relay coil is not only an electromagnet but it is also an inductor. When power is applied
to the coil due to the switching action of the transistor, a maximum current will flow as a result of the
DC resistance of the coil as defined by Ohms Law, (I = V/R). Some of this electrical energy is stored
within the relay coil’s magnetic field.
When the transistor switches “OFF”, the current flowing through the relay coil decreases and the
magnetic field collapses. However the stored energy within the magnetic field has to go somewhere
and a reverse voltage is developed across the coil as it tries to maintain the current in the relay coil.
This action produces a high voltage spike across the relays coil that can damage the switching NPN
transistor if allowed to build up.
NPN Darlington Relay Switch Circuit
The previous NPN transistor relay switch circuit is ideal for switching small loads such as LED’s and
miniature relays. But sometimes it is required to switch larger relay coils or currents beyond the range
of a BC109 general purpose transistor and this can be achieved using Darlington Transistors.The
sensitivity and current gain of a relay switch circuit can be greatly increased by using a Darlington pair
of transistors in place of a single switching transistor. Darlington Transistor pairs can be made from
two individually connected Bipolar Transistors as shown or available as one single device with
standard: Base, Emitter and Collector connecting leads.

Emitter Follower Relay Switch Circuit

As well as the standard Common Emitter configuration for a relay switch circuit, the relay coil can also
be connected to the Emitter terminal of the transistor to form an Emitter Follower circuit. The input
signal is connected directly to the Base, while the output is taken from the Emitter load as shown.
Emitter Follower Relay Switch Circuit
The Common Collector, or Emitter Follower configuration is very useful for impedance matching
applications because of the very high input impedance, in the region of hundreds of thousands of
Ohms while having a relatively low output impedance to switch the relays coil. As with the previous
NPN relay switch circuit, switching occurs by applying a positive current to the base of the transistor.
Emitter Darlington Relay Switch Circuit

This is the Darlington transistor version of the previous Emitter Follower circuit. A very small positive
Base current applied to TR1 causes a much greater Collector current to flow through TR2 due to the
multiplication of the two Beta values.

PNP Relay Switch Circuit

As well as switching relay coils and other such loads with NPN Bipolar Transistors, we can also
switch them using PNP Bipolar Transistors. The PNP relay switch circuit is no different to the NPN
relay switching circuit in terms of its ability to control the relays coil. However, it does require different
polarities of operating voltages. For example, the Collector-Emitter voltage, V ce , must be negative
for the PNP type to cause current flow from the Emitter to the Collector.

 PNP Collector Relay Switch Circuit

The operation of this circuit is the same as the previous relay switching circuit. In this relay switch
circuit, the relay load has been connected to the PNP transistors Collector. The ON-OFF switching
action of the transistor and coil occurs when Vin is LOW, transistor “ON” and when Vin is HIGH,
transistor “OFF”We have seen that either an NPN bipolar transistor or an PNP bipolar transistor can
operate as a switch for relay switching, or any other load for that matter. But that there are two
different conditions that need to be understood as the current flows in two different directions.
N-channel MOSFET Relay Switch Circuit
MOSFET relay switching operation is very similar to Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) switch
operation seen above, and any of the previous circuits can be implemented using MOSFETs.
However, there are some major differences in the operation of the MOSFET circuits with the main
ones being that MOSFETs are voltage operated devices, and as the Gate is electrically isolated from
the Drain-Source channel, they have very high input impedances so the Gate current for a MOSFET
is zero, therefore a base resistor is unnecessary

N-channel MOSFET Relay Switch Circuit

The above MOSFET relay switch circuit is connected in a common-source configuration. With zero
voltage input, LOW condition, the value of VGS, there is insufficient Gate drive to open the channel
and the transistor is “OFF”. But when VGS is increased above the MOSFETs lower threshold
voltage VT, the channel opens, current flows and the relay coil is operated.

P-channel MOSFET Relay Switch Circuit

The P-channel Enhancement MOSFET (PMOS) is constructed the same as for the N-channel
Enhancement MOSFET except that it operates with negative Gate voltages only. In other words, A P-
channel MOSFET operates in the same fashion but with opposite polarities as the Gate must be more
negative than the Source to turn “ON” the transistor by being forward-biased as shown.

Logic Controlled Relay Switch Circuit

The N-channel, enhancement-type MOSFET is extremely useful as a transistor switch because in
its“OFF” state (with zero Gate bias) its channel has a very high resistance blocking current flow.
However, a relatively small positive voltage greater than the threshold voltage VT, on its high
impedance Gate causes it to begin conducting current from its Drain terminal to its Source terminal.
Unlike the Bipolar Junction Transistor which requires a Base current to turn it “ON”, the e-MOSFET
only requires a voltage on the Gate as due to its insulated Gate construction, zero current flows into
the Gate. Then this makes the e-MOSFET, either N-channel or P-channel ideal to be driven directly
by typical TTL or CMOS logic gates as shown.

Micro-controller Relay Switch Circuit

As well as digital logic gates, we can also use the output pins and channels of micro-controllers, PIC’s
and processors to control the outside world. The circuit below shows how to interface a relay using a
MOSFET switch.

According to type of service

Single pole single throw (SPST)
This switch consists of two terminals; one input terminal is known as pole and one output terminal is
known as throw. So, name of this switch is single pole single throw. This switch is simplest example
of switch. Generally, this switch used in single loop, means circuit requires to control only one close
path

Single pole double throw (SPDT)

This switch consists of three terminals; one input terminal (pole) and two output terminal (throw), we
can supply current or signal to two loops. Sometimes this switch is known as selector switch.

Double pole single throw (DPST)

This switch consists of four terminals; two input terminal (pole) and two output terminal (throw) This
switch is very similar to two SPST switches. Both switches are connected with single liver so, both
switches operate at a single time. These switches used when we want to control two circuit for same
time.

Double pole double throw (DPDT)

This switch consists of six terminals; two input terminals (pole) and two terminals for each pole, so
total four output terminal (throw) Operation of this switch is similar to the two separate SPDT switches
operate at a same time. In this switch, two terminal of input (pole) are connected with one set (two) of
output (throw-1) in position-1 of switch. If we change the position of switch, it will connect this input
with second set of output.

Two poles six throw (2P6T)

This consists of fourteen terminals; two input terminals (poles) and six terminals for each pole, so
total twelve output terminal (throw. Generally, this type of switch is used for change-over in circuit with
common input terminal.

Momentary operation switch

Push button switch: when you press the switch, contacts of switch is closed and make circuit close to
flow the current and when you remove pressure from the button, contacts of switch is open and break
the circuit. So, this switch is momentary contact switch which is able to control the circuit by making
and breaking its contact. In push button switch, when you remove pressure from the switch, there is
an arrangement of spring to open contact.

Pressure switch
This type of switch consists of C-shape diaphragm. According to pressure, this diaphragm is
indicating pressure. These switches are used to sense pressure of air, water or oil, in industrial
application. This switch operates, when pressure of system is increase or decrease from set point.

Temperature switch
This type of switches consists of temperature sensing devices like RTD (resistance temperature
device). This switch operates according to the value of measured temperature.

Toggle switch
This type of switch is commonly used in household application to ON and OFF electrical appliances.
It has a lever by which we can move up or down to ON and OFF appliances.

Rotary switch
This type of switch is used to connect one line with one of the many lines. Nob of multi-meter,
channel selector, range selector metering device band selector in communication devices are the
examples of this type of switch. This switch is same as single pole multi throw switch. But the
arrangement of this switch is different.

Electrical Switches
Electrical switches are nothing but it is a semiconductor device. These switches are more useful
because of their low cost, small size and reliability. In this switch, used semiconductor materials like
silicon (Si), germanium (Ge) etc. Generally, this type of switches is used in integrated circuits (ICs),
electrical motor drives, HVAC application and also widely used as digital output (DI) of controller.

According To Operation Mechanism

A switch is a device which is designed to interrupt the current flow in a circuit, in other words, it can
make or break an electrical circuit. Every electrical and electronics application uses at least one
switch to perform ON and OFF operation of the device.So the switches are the part of a control
system and without it, control operation  cannot be achieved. A switch can perform two functions,
namely fully ON (by closing its contacts) or fully OFF (by opening its contacts). Switches can be of
mechanical or electronic type, mechanical switches must be activated physically, by moving,
pressing, releasing, or touching its contacts.Electronic switches do not require any physical contact
in order to control a circuit. These are activated by semiconductor action.

Mechanical Switches
Mechanical switches can be classified into different types based on several factors such as method of
actuation (manual, limit and process switches), number of contacts (single contact and multi contact
switches), number of poles and throws (SPST, DPDT, SPDT, etc.), operation and construction (push
button, toggle, rotary, joystick, etc), based on state (momentary and locked switches), etc.

Single Pole Single Throw Switch (SPST)

This is the basic ON and OFF switch consisting of one input contact and one output contact and it
switches a single circuit and it can either make (ON) or break (OFF) the load. The contacts of SPST
can be either normally open or normally closed configurations.
Single Pole Double Throw Switch (SPDT)
This switch has three terminals, one is input contact and remaining two are output contacts.In most of
the circuits, these switches are used as changeover to connect the input between two choices of
outputs. The contact which is connected to the input by default is referred as normally closed contact
and contact which will be connected during ON operation is a normally open contact.

Double Pole Single Throw Switch (DPST)

This switch consists of four terminals, two input contacts and two output contacts. It behaves like a
two separate SPST configurations, operating at the same time. It has only one ON position, but it can
actuate the two contacts simultaneously, such that each input contact will be connected to its
corresponding output contact.

Double Pole Double Throw Switch (DPDT)

This is a dual ON/OFF switch consisting of two ON positions. It has six terminals, two are input
contacts and remaining four are the output contacts and it behaves like a two separate SPDT
configuration, operating at the same time. Two input contacts are connected to the one set of output
contacts in one position and in another position, input contacts are connected to the other set of
output contacts.

Push Button Switch

it is a momentary contact switch that makes or breaks connection as long as pressure is applied (or
when the button is pushed).Generally, this pressure is supplied by a button pressed by someone’s
finger. This button returns its normal position, once the pressure is removed. It is a Double acting
push buttons are generally used for controlling two electrical circuits.

Toggle Switch
A toggle switch is manually actuated (or pushed up or down) by a mechanical handle, lever or rocking
mechanism. These are commonly used as light control switches. Most of these switches come with
two or more lever positions which are in the versions of SPDT, SPST, DPST and DPDT switch.
These are used for switching high currents (as high as 10 A) and can also be used for switching small
currents.
These are available in different ratings, sizes and styles and are used for different type of
applications. The ON condition can be any of their level positions, however, by convention the
downward is the closed or ON position.

Limit Switch
The control schemes of a limit switch are shown in above figure , in which four varieties of limit
switches are presented.Some switches are operated by the presence of an object or by the absence
of objects or by the motion of machine instead of human hand operation. These switches are called
as limit switches.These switches consist of a bumper type of arm actuated by an object. When this
bumper arm is actuated, it causes the switch contacts to change position.

Float Switch
Float switches are mainly used for controlling DC and AC motor pumps according to the liquid or
water in a tank or sump. This switch is operated when the float (or floating object) moves downward
or upward based on water level in a tank. This float movement of rod or chain assembly and
counterweight causes to open or close electrical contacts. Another form of float switch is the mercury
bulb type switch that does not consist of any float rod or chain arrangement.

Flow Switches
These are mainly used to detect the movement of liquid or air flow through a pipe or duct. The air flow
switch (or a micro switch) is constructed by a snap-action. This micro switch is attached to a metal
arm .To this metal arm, a thin plastic or metal piece is connected. When a large amount of air passes
through the metal or plastic piece, it causes the movement of metal arm and thus operates the
contacts of the switch.

Pressure Switches
These switches are commonly used in industrial applications in order to sense the pressure of
hydraulic systems and pneumatic devices.Depends on the range of pressure to be measured, these
pressure switches are classified into diaphragm operated pressure switch, metal bellow type pressure
switch and piston type pressure switch.

Temperature Switches
The most common heat sensing element is the bimetallic strip that operates on the principle of
thermal expansion. The bimetallic strips are made with two dissimilar metals (that are having different
thermal expansion rates) and are bonded with each other. The switch contacts are operated when the
temperature causes the strip to bend or wrap. Another method of operating the temperature switch is
to use mercury glass tube.

Joystick Switch
Joystick switches are manually actuated control devices used mainly in portable control equipment. It
consists of a lever which moves freely in more than one axis of motion. Depending on the movement
of the lever pushed, one or more switch contacts are actuated. These are ideally suited for lowering,
raising and triggering movements to the left and right.

Rotary Switches
these are used for connecting one line to one of many lines. Examples of these switches are range
selectors in electrical metering equipment, channel selectors in communication devices and band
selectors in multi-band radios. It consists of one or more moving contacts (knob) and more than one
stationary contact. These switches are come with different arrangement of contacts such as single
pole 12-way, 3-pole 4-way, 2-pole 6-way and 4-pole 3-way.

Electronic Switches
The electronic switches are generally called as solid state switches because there are no physical
moving parts and hence absence of physical contacts. Most of the appliances are controlled by
semiconductor switches such as motor drives and HVAC equipment.
There are different types of solid state switches are available in today market with different sizes and
ratings. Some of these solid state switches include transistors, SCRs, MOSFETs, TRIACs and
IGBTs.

Bipolar Transistors
a transistor either allows the current to pass or it blocks the current as similar to working of normal
switch. In switching circuits, transistor operates in cut-off mode for OFF or current blocking condition
and in saturation mode for ON condition. The active region of the transistor is not used for switching
applications.

Power Diode
A diode can perform switching operations between its high and low state impedance states.
Semiconductor materials like silicon and germanium are used for constructing the diodes. Usually,
power diodes are constructed using silicon in order to operate the device at higher currents and
higher junction temperatures. These are constructed by joining p and n type semiconductor materials
together to form PN junction. It has two terminals namely anode and cathode. When the anode is
made positive with respect to cathode and by the application of voltage greater than the threshold
level, PN junction is forward biased and starts conducting.

MOSFET
Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) is a unipolar and high frequency
switching device. It is a most commonly used switching device is power electronic applications. It has
three terminals namely drain (output), source (common) and gate (input). It is a voltage controlled
device, i.e., by controlling input (gate to source) voltage, resistance between the drain and source is
controlled which further determines the ON and OFF state of the device.

IGB
IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) combines the several advantages of bipolar junction power
transistor and power MOSFET. Like a MOSFET, it is a voltage controlled device and has lower ON
state voltage drop (less than that of MOSFET and closer to power transistor). It is a three terminal
semiconductor high speed switching device. These terminals are emitter, collector and gate. Similar
to the MOSFET, IGBT can be turned ON by applying a positive voltage (greater than the threshold
voltage) between the gate and emitter.

SCR
Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) most widely used high speed switching device for power control
applications. It is a unidirectional device as a diode, consisting of three terminals, namely anode,
cathode and gate.
TRIAC
Triac (or Triode AC) switch is a bidirectional switching device which is an equivalent circuit of two
back to back SCRs connection with one gate terminal.Its capability to control AC power in both
positive and negative peaks of the voltage waveform often makes these devices to be used in motor
speed controllers, light dimmers, pressure control systems, motor drives and other AC control
equipment.

DIAC
A DIAC (or Diode AC switch) is bidirectional switching device and it consists of two terminals which
are not named as anode and cathode. It means that a DIAC can be operated in either direction
regardless of the terminal identification. This indicates that the DIAC can be used in either direction.

Gate Turn-Off Thyristor

a GTO (Gate Turn off Thyristor) is a bipolar semiconductor switching device. It has three terminals as
anode, cathode and gate. As the name implies, this switching device is capable to turn OFF through
gate terminal. A GTO is turned ON by applying a small positive gate current triggers the conduction
mode and turned OFF by a negative pulse to the gate. GTO symbol consists of double arrows on the
gate terminal which represents the bidirectional flow of current through gate terminal.

SPECIAL SWITCHES

Heavy Duty Switch, Micro Push Button

SPST Normally Open.

1.8" x 0.6" x 0.6" less Quick Connect terminals

and push button - 1/4" QC at the end of switch.

Mech: Panel, 2 holes at 1" centers.

Panel hole: 1.817" long x 0.625" wide x 0.652"

high.

POLET BAR SWITCH

NEW 3-ganged 36
Pole Switches may be unconnected and used independently.
The 902 series is designed to switch dry circuits to a
maximum 1 amp for use in data. Thermocouple and
instrumentations circuits. Terminals are designed to accept
T-Bar Connectors or solder holes provided.

PIEZO SWITCH
Switch, piezo. Pushbutton NO SPST-Pulse. Piezo Switch.
60V AC/DC 200mA. Housing: stainless steel, with rubber
grommet and mounting nut. For 5/8" hole. 2 Conductor wire.
 Flow Limit Switch

for EZ-VIEW FLOW METERS (Not Supplied) - using Hall Effect-triggered

(Normally Open) Relay hermetically sealed in encapsulating compound,
within Polysulfone module. The Relay, when Activated, is designed to
directly control warning lights, alarms or digital inputs. Supply: 7-
24VDC @ 90mA Switches 1A @ 24VDC - WHEN CONNECTED TO
THE FLOW METER (NOT SUPPLIED) The Set Point is: 0 - 100% of
full scale 1-1/4" ID for Flowmeter

Industrial Cutler-Hammer / Eaton -

8130K20J15V51, DPDT On/Off/On, Center-Off, Motor
Reversing Toggle Switch (Already Cross Strapped)
Permits usage for Polarity Reversing Motor.
Alternate 8951159

White Rocker Identified FWD & REV, 6A-125VAC,

3Amp 250VAC, 2A-277VAC

Six (6) 1/4" Quick Connect Male Tabs, Dimension: 1.45"

wide x 1.33" x 1.16"

This switch can be used when you want to feed (2)

loads from 1 or 2 sources. This switch may also be
used as a SPDT switch by simply not using 3 of the
terminals.

Center-Off. Pull-to-switch.
Momentary both sides. Connection: Screw
terminals with screws, black dress nut, washer, nut
and locating ring.. Mech: panel mount. Note: Must
Pull-to-switch either side. Aircraft-instrument,
military-purpose style.