WRITING: RESULTS AND

DISCUSSION

WEEK 12
Overview

 Review : Methodology
 Writing: Results and Discussion
 Practice

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Objective

 The students are able to write the result and

discussion section.

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Result Section

 The results section is where you report the findings/results of your study based upon
the methodology you applied to gather information.
 The results section should state the findings of the research arranged in a logical
sequence without bias or interpretation.

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Result Section

In general, the content of your results section should include the following:
 Introductory context for understanding the results by restating the research problem
underpinning your study.
 This is useful in re-orientating the reader's focus back to the research problem after reading the literature
review and your explanation of the methods of data gathering and analysis.

 Inclusion of non-textual elements, such as, figures, charts, photos, maps, tables,
etc. to further illustrate key findings, if appropriate.
 A systematic description of your results, highlighting for the reader observations
that are most relevant to the topic under investigation.
 A short paragraph that concludes the results section by synthesizing the key
findings of the study.
 Use the past tense when referring to your results. Reference to findings should
always be described as having already happened because the method of gathering
data has been completed.

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Discussion Section

 interprets the significance of your findings in light of what was already known about the
research problem being investigated and to explain any new understanding or insights
that emerged as a result of your study of the problem.
 highlights the importance of your study and how it can contribute to understanding the
research problem within the field of study

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Discussion Section

The content of the discussion section of your paper most often includes:
 Explanation of results: comment on whether or not the results were expected for
each set of findings; go into greater depth to explain findings that were unexpected or
especially profound.
 References to previous research: either compare your results with the findings from
other studies or use the studies to support a claim. This can include re-visiting key
sources already cited in your literature review section.
 Deduction: A claim for how the results can be applied more generally. For example,
describing lessons learned, proposing recommendations that can help improve a
situation, or highlighting best practices.

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Discussion Section

Keep the following sequential points in mind as you organize and write the discussion
section of your paper:
 Think of your discussion as an inverted pyramid.
 Organize the discussion from the general to the specific, linking your findings to the literature, then to
theory, then to practice [if appropriate].

 Use the same key terms, narrative style, and verb tense [present] that you used
when describing the research problem in your introduction.
 Give a brief explanation about why you believe the findings of your study are
important and how they support broader knowledge or understanding of the
research problem.

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Example

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Practice

 Write your Finding and Discussion section

 Submit via e- course: Sunday, 18 April 2021; 5 pm at the latest

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References

 Vitasari, P., Wahab, M.N., Othman, A.,Herawan, T., Sinnadurai, S.K. (2010).The
Relationship between Study Anxiety and Academic Perfomance among Engineerring
Students. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences.
 https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/results

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Thank You

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