CHAPTER

01
Chemical Reactions
and Equations
In our daily life, we came across a variety of changes which may be physical or chemical Chapter Checklist
cannot be reversed
changes. A physical change can be easily reversed but a chemical change whereas
o Chemical Reactions

easily. Evaporation, melting of wax, freezing of water etc., physical changes

are
Chemical Equations
conversion of milk to curd, rusting of iron, digestion of food etc., are chemical changes.
represented
Typesof Chermical Reaction
reactions and these are
All chemical changes are accompanied by chemical Effects of Oxidation Peactin
with the help of chemical equations. in Everyday Life
reactions and the
will study about the various types of chemical
In this chapter, we
chemical equations which represent chemical changes.

Chemical Reactions
substance(s) or reactant(s) react(s) to

change in which one or

more
A chemical reaction is a
different properties.
form new substance(s) with entirely reactants (the
substances that
ion) are known as
The reacting species (molecule,
atom, result
the new species formed as a
in the chemical reaction) and
undergo chemical change new substances
formed during reaction).
called products (the
of the reaction are
2Nas) + 2H2OU)-2NaOH{aq) + H2gt
e.g Water Sodium Hydrogen
Sodium
hydroxide
Reactants
Products

and hydrogen are the products and

reaction, sodium hydroxide
chemical
In the above
the reactants.
sodium and water are
Reaction
ldentification of Chemical observations:
the following
be identified by either of
chemical reaction
can
colour
A
(i) Change in
() Change in state (iv) Change
in temperature

(ii) Evolution of a gas

Formation of a precipitate
()
 uoenba [eoiwsy paouereq
UoDenba paureiqo yi ieyi sje>ADI
djns AJTEIP 3IqE DAoqe 3sL uonoeI Jeoiusyp e
Hunsauaryy Lnydns unisouaeyyN uwap ype Jo suo1e1iE pue 31ojaq ues
auj suTeu
()'OsäW br') 'Os'H+ )3W jo 1oquunu oy
poyiau
"JuSIJOO 19qunu ayoym siyp
uournbo eoIuiyo ayi aq pojuasoIdai (SH)S1onpold (SH1) SUeJoeaH 3M SE
oyi oueeq oi sjeii isaeuus ayi aujsn Áq uopenb=
nydins onip y i uoesI unisauaeuu a*a ul suoyV suoy
aNeI
sJuewaja3 N SI suonenbo poyiau en pue iy p]e
1oquAs ursn jo peoisur uo9aIip o jequnNN Jo 10qunN sjonpoid u jesjusyp aujpuereq 1oJ paSn
dn aunuiod moiue ue
auisn áq pouasaidai 3q ue» swojy jo JOqunN suoiy poypauu sYL
ue 2iris uonenba yi jo apiS 1onpoid pue jueioe>I jo J9qunN
aAoAs Jo snoasea oy Aem aures uo 3y1 2uewej
yi uj suroie
uopoeoI [EIuoyp E oye
siusuuajp yoe» jo Jo 1quunu syi iuno) II d2S
ues 3yn
sureuwsi pue aioJpq
oquis aursn jo pe»sur (t) spEMUMop aunuiod AjPeedas juauoJo Yoes Jo swoe Jo
r ur qunu oyi aenqei 3y ÁEm ues op uI,uSuajo YPes Jo suoje Jo Jquunu
ausn áq paiusaidai aq osTe ues areitdiooia (H)+('o*on)-(oH)+(®) p ypoy oL 1oyiung am "uonenbo oyi jo "u011ID24 1D1uzys v
H +(br) HOPNT S13peq u oenuroj oyi Ije asopua "|P jo isitH I d2as uonenba ssouioiJ0 29 40u pa724 2q 124117u uvo `uunp pAoussap
1os Jo ssouiJ0 yp svu, 'sseu Jo
()0 H7 +()PNT aupyooy) G) das JO ME y o uonEAsuoo
1EM Se H+oaJ OH+®J ssE
uoinjos
1onpoid i0 ueiseai ayi ji usiiIm
u
si (bv) uasoid
e snoanbe PITPST uonenbs Poyou ein-pue-14 Jo MP uo poseq st autpiooV Jo
uopnbe DjajaHs buIMoJ[OJ ayi aouppa L eorusy
N "7 ajduDx3 paoueEqun 3q 01 surpuerEq jo poyior uopenbo eoIuoyp e jo uoneAJDSUO
YL enuioj aIIDdsaI 11Y1
yimnauore uonenba eojuoyo paueeq t s! ypyM uuexa 1yiing 3m punoj SI Jusuojo ou "uo9eI
aupuereq oYL
ounjos sn0anbe 1oj (bv) pue seð (3) pinbij 103 () o H9 +OD7 JI $Juawajo 19Ypo sopis poq uo fenba are uopenba 3pjo
P:1os 1o () °sjoquAS ya auisn1oj OL +HOT Souo9q uonenba Jupuereg () dans ypeo Jo
e> uo
Aq paiuasaidai a yi uayi 'uonenbs uoy si»xperq
oun 3uLAOuai
H +HO
NT swoie Jo 1qunu
sionpoid pue siueiDeai ayi JO saeis 'snyL 0'HT +"NT sI
eo ay ypIym u eyi iusu3To
jeoisÁyd ayL C) *M
uonenbo eoruoyp
paoueeq V
St Mopq p9SSnosIp uopenbo oya
1o zxoHE+ooz o+°H> soypeIq aua Sujaowai pue eN suopnb3 1po[wayp pauojpg
uoueuiojui sjoquís auimojjoj oyi auippe ouuooi3Ao
Áq Supuereq 1yE 'snsIL
ues uoNenba je>iuoyo e kq uoenba ajoym oyn ájdi»nu
TIL 3YIM SM Os pue "0 1ojoq LXZ
jo suonejuu!j 2soyr
jO uios asn ues aM
°uoenba ayi 0i
3ouereq aouejeg O1 uopenbo reorusp aojoys po|E sT
ue
Kdiaua jo Auo ajosmm (HOPN u) a ue uopenbo poouerequn
e
uondiosqe/uonnjorg (I?) anq '0 31oj3q TIL IM 011aqunu
3Aey 3M (eNU)L yons uojenbo
suouipuo uouoe»y ) saoueisqns suoie-O L NEu oL 'SHY UO Suoit-0 L 3Je 'SHT u3Axo pue
Jo sopIs ypoq uo oures jou
SUIOJE oJE
jo sojes esisÁyd ?)
(0H)E +(O0)z -(0) 31yL s2onpoid sJUejorOyH EN JO Swojy unisouaeu jo13qunu 'uonEnbo snoqe oyp
TEorUISYp e u
(P) d»is ut UmoYs uoenba uj
pouIPjdxoun sureusi s1ej autmOjOJ 39L
TÁq sonoajou 00Adanur u o e uoqreo+°HO) o
aoueeq 'moN Oueequn as SI EN "SuojE-EN JO Jqunu ayi aDuejeq oLL (19npod) (sauesesy)
Pu 'uonenba
aaoqe syi uI 0+8n
M Se
ueo
BAYDUIOJUj aJoW Ju>uap 1oqpoue 1a1s puepouejEqun uLUm aq
uuexo M uonenbo p apIxO unisouaeu jo
uOyonba JDOIUJBYO D usuaj puoos Buouereg (P) dS ou! aupnsa (O)
u»iíxo pue uogewso
BuypW (SH) S1onpoid
(H) +( HOPN)Z
H+oaa 0H+3AE S Suoly
(SH7) SJUe]DeOH -(0H)7 +(N)
souoq mou uonenbo oyi 'snyL
usm1q uonoEI ayn 3'3 "uonoeoi (3N) unisou3eu
an jo
u swojy Smoys pue sionpoid yi spremoJ uonIIp 3yp
ya "uonenba uoj s1apeiq ..uoaquouonenb 8qunN yoe Jo JaqunN SJuauaj3 SIuTod peoy moue YL
aqi aujnouai STiY.L Suloje-HD =H UIZ
(HV+"otaa -(oH)¥+(®a)E Juuop ype» jo suoe pIS yaoq uo HOEN UI LXz EypIm unIM 3Je Sonpoid won us3Mj2q (+) uais snjd
e
Suloe- >xeu uoie-aj ájdnin
jo 1qunu oyn
HuZ pueHOPN U aouejeq ol uo "(SH) 3pIs pury yLI DYp
suoe-aA NPu o1 uo
1oqniny juno AI d7S ArejruIs "uoya uaMIq (+)
SHd suioe-i E : OH)E
'g
+(°0D) -((0)+(H'O) Ajeu TaIs Snjd e pim uoLIm
(HIV+"'Oa) (o'H)+(ea) Aq O HÁdnnu u o e
re saueiea 'molJe
hq°InDa|ou aouejeq o1 e jo sonojou Onpold u sueJ9BOH UJ HO
3y jo SHD apIs
puey yI 3yr uO
' HAjdnnu uoie uaaoipíy
>Dueeq o MON
sassossod usaoipAy1siy oS "suuoie jo 1aquunu usäospkás
unuixeu Suol "won u3oMJ9q poejd () moiJe ue
3m o3
eyi ieoP s[ i1 *319ei
aya uO1J III 424S swo q 01 A
Ájisaiy 'oS p2oueJequn sauejoeos Jo y3nosp saonpasd
33ueyo E SmOYs uonenbo
UMOUS3 pAY 3Y1 Auo s! JEy JeopP eoruusYp yY
I9t ya uoiH Juswap 3suy Supuerg P)S
SH) S1onpoid (SH1) S]uejoeeH H
uoupnb jpIuEYD bUuNM D
uoy (SH) S1onpoid pIxoIp
9unNN Suuoy
o 1equnN uawaja uojy
(SH7) sJue10e0H 193A uoqe
H
o JequunN Suoy uairo ueyN
pjo suoe jo sapis yioq uo JoqunN suewaj3 (SH): EN o'H7+ (3) *0D
1quunu oy 1auying uno)
siuauajp uo uonenbo oy1 jo apis uoys1onp u (SHT) Sque]oBOH aueu
-()OT +() °HO
d27S susuujp ype jo suoar
JiDp jo 3oejd uj 3oueisqns ayi
jo
H)+'oaA) -oH}¥+(P)AI 1onpoid pue iueioei oyq Jo SEnusoj pue
1aqunu E
y
swoV Jo 1equunN joquis auntm Aq uonenba jeoIusYp
nueseo Áq sono»jouu (OH)+(°OO) -(o)ayi+(°HO) aunod I1 d»is ueue3 ojur paaueyp q u »
Sssssod OHÁduqnuu uo1e usaáxo *Tuuae 1uaiqunN
o}!¥ uonenbo pouerequn uj usad uOpenbo piOm 34L uoNEnb pJam paITED
pR 'osu
soSssSdua3Axo sy o 13qunu
s1aypeiq u oenuoj ayp
I1t P Jo
SI uonenba siyL
unuixæu suoje jo 1aqunu jo 3uN sDnpod
asopu '|" jo isiH 42iS 1 is! sauee
o'H+00 1os PIXoIpA
+°H'o dopkH
( wnpos JEA wnipos oIEA +pixo!p uoqHD
uopnba bujmoioJ-O ayi aouDIDa se
uaaAXO+ aueypaW
"L aj o +HOEN)
Zuisopua P -(O H+(EN spiom uI uifzM 39 uED SEð SUeyp3w
DX3 s3Eq u jo uonoesi yp *33 *uEs Jo auumq
Jyi J0J pasSn aJe
pue uoyenba pouejequn 3uPA suees yp jo ejnuiog pue sjoquLás siDnpoid pue
se aJe sdais soYL uonDeI Jedjuayp
suoyonb3 pud suoo0ed :SMOIJoJ e Jo uojEuas>ldai o!10quis sYp si uouenbo jeoruap
Eusyp 3Je sdais eAaS
jDDuayo e e q ui paajoau!
aucuAIY uoonba IpD[wayp DJO bujpudIDg suopnba joo{uwey
OND3ud
ups auuoufiTt
 (slake
calcium
hydroxide
aked1
Note
washing
Solution
of
walls. Calcium hydroxide r e s eslowly
)j
Is usedt
layer
(11) he
specili condiions of the rcaction bo
like
dioxide in air
to form

which gives snny

a
a thin

to t
appearance to
of .

calthecium carbwionath
written a
dayswalis.
catalyst ctc., are walls after two to thre
of Calr
e
enperarure, pressure, carbonate is formed
Or below the arrow in thechcmical cquation.
340atm CH,OHO
ca(OH),(ag)
Calcium
+CO,9) aCOs)+ HOwtite
Caco.(o.
Calcium
COg)+2H,(g) Methanol
y d xide
carbonate
Carbon
nonoxide
Hydrogen of coal.
Burning
(i)
C) +O2(g)-
() Evolution of heat or absorption of heat Can.
indicated by writing |+Hcat] on the right hana sia Carbon Oxygen COgdioxidexi
Carbon
or lcfi hand side of the cquation, respectively B between hydrogen gas and and oxygen
Burning of carbon in the presence of air.
(in Reaction
C() +0,(g) CO,(g) + Heat form water.

Carbon Oxygen Carbon dioxide 2H(g)+ O,(g)

Hydrogen Oxygen
2H,O
Water
Nofe Alnhough i is not always necessary to mention the physica
STates and reaction conditions in a balanced chemical equanor
So. you can left this step until it is asked in the question.
2. Decomposifion Reaction
which a single reactant breaks do
Check Point 00 A reaction in
is known as
to fonr
ecomposition
1 What are the name given for the substance that reacts and
formed in a chemical reaction?
or more products,
reaction is opposite to combinat reaction. On reaction
required for:the reaction, thes teac
2 State the law of conservation of mass. the form of energy
3 Write the skeletal equation and balanced equation for the are of three types:
following reaction () Thermal decomposition These reactie

Potassiumbromide (aq) + Barium iodide (ag)

energy in the form of heat.for decompositio
Potassium iodide (aq) + Barium bromide ()
4 Fill in the blanks:
reactant, E.g
The symbol (aq) and (s) indicates... and..respectively in a) Calcium carbonate on heating, decompose
any chemical equation. calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. Calciun
5 State True or False for the used for manufacturing of cement.
following sentence
The number of atoms of each element is conserved in any
chemical reaction. CaCO,) Hea Ca0(6) +CO
+ Qo.
6 Balance the
following chemical equations: Calcium carbonate Calcium oxide Carbon diar
(Limestone) Quick lime)
9 Mg(OH), +HCIMgC, +HO
() Np +H NH (b) Ferrous sulphate, the green colour cr
(Gi)Pa+OgPO FeSO7H,O on heating lose water of crystal

Types of Chemical Reactions

The chemical reactions are classified into diffterent classes
and forms dehydrated FeSO which
decomposition gives ferric oxide, sulphur dio-
SO and sulphur trioxide, SO3. Ferric oxide
depending upon the type of chemical changes taking place. solid, while SO, and SO, are gases.
These reactions are as follows:
Heat
2FeSO, () Fe,0, () + S0,(g)+S0,
1. Combination Reaction Ferrous sulphate Ferric
oxide
Sulphur
dioxide
Sulp
triox
A reaction in which two or more reactants combine to form
(c) On heating lead nitrate, it decomposes to give ye
asingle product, is called combination reaction, eg. lead monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and
) Calcium oxide (quick lime) with oxygen ga.
reacts vigorously Heat
water toform calcium hydroxide (slaked lime). The 2Pb(NO, ),G) 2PbO(s)
reaction is highly exothermic, as a lor of heat is Lead nitrate Lead oxide
produced during the reaction. (Colourless) (Yellow)
+4NO,(g) +0
CaO)+H,O)
Calcium oxide
Ca(OH),(aq) +Heat Nitrogen Orv
Water Calcium hydroxide dioxide
Quick lime) (Slaked lime) (Brown humes
9ComYOU

5
Reactions and Equations
A l l i n o n e Chemical

reaction).
involve the use of e.g. (combustion
reactions of natural gas
(i) Electrolysis These
for the decomposition of the reactant (a) Burning
CO (g)
electrical energy CH,(g)+ 202(g)- Carbon dioxide
+2H,O(g)+ Heat
molecules. c.g it Methane Oxygen
water,
electric c u r r e n t is passed
through
(a) When Water
and hydrogen.
to give oxygen
decomposes ribbon
magnesium
Electric (b) Burning of 2MgO()+Heat

2H,O() current, 2H2(g) +O2(g) 2Mgl) +O2(g)- Magnesium oxide

Hydrogen Oxygen Magnesium Oxygen
Water matter
into
molten
electric current is passed
through decomposition
of vegetable reaction.
(b) When to give
sodium (c) The exothermic

sodium chloride,
it decomposes
is also an example of
metal and chlorine gas.
compost
reactions
which o c c u r
reactions The of
(i)
Endothermic
(either in the form
Electric
of heat/energy
by the absorption are called e n d o t h e r m i c
reactions.
Current, 2Na(s) + Cl2(g)
2NaCl ()
Molten sodium
Sodium Chlorine
light o r electricity), process.
endothermic
All
Photosynthesis
is an
r e a c t i o n s as
chloride endothermic
reactions are
These form of
or photochemical decomposition
decomposition either in the
(ii) Photolysis the requires energy down the
energy for
reactions
reactions involve the use
of light such
o r electricity
for breaking
decomposition, e.g.
heat, light
purpose of it
chloride is exposed to
sun light, reactants.

(a) When silver silver metal and

chlorine gas. Sunlight
decomposes to give e.g CH1206
(a)6COaq) +12H2O()- Chlorophyll
2AgCl()
Sunligh 2Ag() + Cl28 Glucose

Silver chloride Chlorine,

Silver. +602+6H,O
(Greyish (Yellowish
(White) white) green)
(b) 2HgO()+ Heat- 2HgU)+0,(g)
and Oxygen
silver bromide gives silver metal Mercuric
Mercury
(b) Similarly, of sunlight. oxide
bromine gas in the presence >NH, (g)+ HCl(g)
Sunlight 2Ag(s) + Br(g) (c) NH,Cl ()+ Heat Ammonia Hydrochloric
2AgBr(s) Bromine
Ammonium acid
Silver bromide Silver (Brown) chloride
(Pale yellow) (Greyish BaCl2 +2NH, + 2H,O
white) (d) Ba(OHD, +NH,CI
of silver halides are
(The reaction of decomposition 4. Displacement Reaction
photography).
used in black and white
reactive element
element displaces less
When a more reactive reaction.
3. Exothermic andd from its compound, it
is called displacement
Endothermic Reactions This reaction is of two types: chemical
absorbed reaction It is a type of
whether heat is evolved or
() Single displacement element reacts with a compound
Depending upon
be exothermic or reaction where an
in that
of another element
can
reaction, the reaction
uring a
and takes the place
displacement.
ndothermic
reactions which are compound is called single
Exothermic reactions The reactive than Cu, displaces
( of heat, are calledd
evolution (a) Zinc being
more

forms new produc

accompanied by the solution and
reaction) or the Cu from CusO,
exothermic reactions (combustion metal.
released alongwith the
zinc sulphate and Cu
reactions in which heat is (aq) +Cu(s)
exothermic reactions. Zn(s)+ CuSO,(aq)> ZnSO,
formation of products are called Zinc sulphate Copper
Zinc metal Copper sulphate metal
exothermic process. The (Grey) solution (Blue)
solution
(Brown
Respiration is an is (Colourles)
matter into compost
decomposition of vegetable
reaction.
also an example of an exothermic
 )
Similarly. iron being more
Copper trom rcactive than Cu e.g Heat
aqueous solution of displac e s () 2Cu O2
Fe(s)+ CuSO, (ag)
Iron Copper sulphate
copper sulphat Copper Oxygen 2CuOoxide
Copper
FeSO, (aq) + Cu(s) (i) 2H2S + O2
(Blue) Ferrous sulphate Copper Hydrogen Oxygen 2S +
Iron (11) sulphate
metal sulphide Sulphur
(c)Also, lead is more (ii) Zn Zn* +2e Hydrc
rcactive than (Green)so, it displaces
copper from its solution Zinc
copper it ai
and white so,
chloride gets formed. coloured Icau
Pb(s) Reduction
+CuCl, (ag) - PbCl, (aq) +Cul) It can be defined as:
Copper
chloride Lead
() Double The process in which
displacement chloride oxygen is removed
two ditterent ions or reaction The reaction in
wne Or fro
group of
molecules are displaced by each atonms in the reactant The process in which hydrogen is added
displacement reaction. It is alsoother is called double Or to
reaction called The process in which
e.g
as
precipitation
precipitate is produced in such a
substance gains elect
(a) On
reactions. e.g () 2KCIO,(6) 2KCI(G) +30.(.
adding sodium sulphate Potassium Potassium
curdy white barium chloride,
to
chlorate chloride Oxyger
solution of precipitate
a
of barium (ii) 2Na
a
sodium sulphate and
chloride are formed.
+
H2 2NaH
Na Sodium Hydrogen
2SO, (aq) + Sodium
BaC, (aq)
Sodium sulphate Barium (i1) Zn +2e Zn
hydride
chloride
Zinc
BaSO
Barium sulphate
+2NaCl(4qg) Note If a substance gains Oxygen
Oxidised. If a substance losesduring a
reacti
(White ppt.) Sodium said to be reduced. oxygen durin=
chloride
(b) On adding
silver nitrate solution
bromide, a to sodium
yellow precipitate of silver bromide Oxidising agent The substance which
solution of sodium and oxidation of other substances is called Car

nitrate are formed. an oxi-

AgNO (ag) NaBr Reduction agent The substance
+
(aq)- which
Silver
nitrate Sodium AgBr
Silver bromide
reduction of other substance is called a redu-
ca

bromide
(Yellow ppt.) Redox Reactions
+NaNOg (aq) Those reactions in which oxidation
and reduc-
Note The
Sodium
nitrate simultaneously, are called redox reactions.
reaction in which acid or acidic oxide react with base e.
basic oxide to form salt and water or () In the following reaction, the
are called
reactions. eg. neutralisation coppe
losing oxygen and is being reduced.
is added to W
2NaOH+
Sodium
HSO4 > Na2SO4+ HO hydrogen and is being oxic
hydroxide Sulphuric Sodium Water
acid
sulphate Reduction
5. Oxidation and Reduction Reactions CuO +
H2 cat Cu +
Copper Hydrogen
Oxidation oxide
Copper
It can be defined as: Oxidation
The process in which ii) In the following reaction, HCI is
oxygen is added to a substance. on

Or whereas, MnO, is reduced to

Mn
The process in which hydrogen is removed from a substance. Reduction
Or MnO(t) + 4HCI MnCl,(aa) +C
he process in which a substange lases clertran(s (Conc)
 Allinone Chemical Reactions and
Equations
7

Effects of Oxidation
Reactions in Rancidity
Everyday Life Tt is the
in nature)
proces of slow oxidation of oil and fat (which are
present in the food materials resulting in the
volatile
Corrosioon smell and taste in them. change of
The phenomenon due to which open
surface of the The methods to
prevent rancidity are
metals are slowly away by the reaction of air,
caten () Keeping food materials in
water and chemicals present in the atmosphere, is called
air-tight containers.
(i) Refrigeration of cooked food low temperatures.
at
corrosion.
(ii) Packing of food items like potato wafers etc., in packe=
e.g. Iron articles are shiny when new, but get coated
containing nitrogen gas instead of air.
with a reddish brown powder when left for some time.
(iv) Avoid keeping the cooked food and food materials in dire=
The process of corrosion of iron is called rusting. The sunlight.
rusting of iron is a redox reaction. The black coating on (v) By adding antioxidants, e.g. BHA (Burylated Hydro
silver and the green coating on copper are other Anisole) and BHT (Butylated Hydroxy Toluene).
examples of corrosion.

Painting. galvanising. electroplating are some of the

methods to prevent corrosion.
Check Point 02
1 ldentify the type of reaction:

Effects of Corrosion ) CH,g)+ 202 (9) CO2 (g) + 2H,0 (g)

n 2NaCI)Eleciniccurent, 2Na (s)+ CIa (g)
The effects of corrosion are
bodies, bridges, (i) MnO+ 4HCI MnCl, +2H0+Cl2
() Corrosion causes damage to car
2 State True or False for the following sentence:
iron railings, ships and all objects made up of When hydrogen gas is added to copper oxide, the oxidising ae
of
metals, specially those which are made up is H
iron. 3 Name one reaction which is accompanied by the evolution of he=
Corrosion is a wasteful process
in most of cases. 4 Name the type of reaction for the following:
(i)
various metals especially iron @xothag m}
Every year tones of () Vegetable matter changinginto compost.
it is quite
wasted in the country. Hence, i) Burning of natural gas. f xotheNmit
get
corrosion.
for the corrosion of iron.
necessary to prevent 5 Write the four factors responsible
to be
of aluminium, corrosion not proved 6 Fillin the blank:
is
Note In case
loN from two ions is known as..
wasteful. dunp pootetm A reaction that produces water

Activities
To Study NCERT
OR Scan the Code
Visit https://goo.gl/HyciUe
 the
amount ofgas collected n one r
Intext Qvestions 5 Why is ity 1.7
activity (electro
tubes in
the test
d o u b l e of
the
am nount
ou
collected in
1 Why should a magnesium ribbon be cleaned water) the
Pg 6 Name this gas. Pgl
before burning in air? other? chemical
of water, 1.e. the o
Sol. Magnesium ribbon reacts with oxygen present in air to
The composition ratio of hydro So
form a protective and inert layer of magnesium oxide on
Sol.
the molar
that ogen and
when water is elect
H,O, suggests T h e r e f o r e , whe
its surface. This layer is unreactive and prevents the 1. hydtooally
oxygen is 2:
gases ro
constituent
the en and
ribbon from burning. Hence, it needs to be cleaned decomposed,
in
molar ratio
the
same mo
2:1.
with sand paper before burning in air. produced
drogen
oxygen
are
(volume) ofhydr gas is double
the
a m o u n t

So, this gas is hydrogen

2 Write the balanced equation for the following Thus, gas.
than that of oxygen
chemical reactions: Pg6 of copper sulnk
does the colour
ail is dippe
lphate
() Hydrogen+Chlorine- > Hydrogen chloride 6 Why when a n iron nai
solution change
(i) Barium chloride + Aluminium sulphate
in it?
Pg1
Barium sulphate + Aluminium chloride changes hen
sulphate solution
(ii) Sodium + Water Sol. The colour of copper i r o n being
because
more
in it
an iron
nail is dipped copper metal ftrom
Sodium hydroxide + Hydrogen displaces
reactive than copper, blue col
Sol. H , + Cl2 2HCI solution. Thus,
sulphate
lour
aqueous copper
fades away
to give green colour
(i) 3BaCl2+ Al2(SO4)s 3BaSO44+ 2AlCly of copper sulphate
solution of ferrous sulphate.
(ii) 2Na+ 2H,O 2NaOH + H2 + CuSO,(ag) Fe$O4
FeSO4(ag) +
Cu (
Fe Blue
Green Brown
3 Write a balanced chemical equation with state Grey
double displacement
symbols for the following reactions: Pg6 7 Give an example of a
the reaction of barium
() Solutions of barium chloride and sodium reaction other than
sulphate in water react to give insoluble barium chloride with sodium sulphate. Pg13
sulphate and the solution of sodium chloride. Sol. The following reaction is
an example of a double
(in Sodium hydroxide solution (in water) reacts with displacement reaction:
hydrochiloric acid solution (in water) to produce
sodium chloride solution and water. 2NaOH (a) + H2SO4 (ag)
Sodium Sulphuric acid
Sol. BaCl(ag)+ Na,SO, (aq) hydroxide
Na2 SO (ag) +2H,O ()
BaSO0)+2NaCl (aq) Sodium sulphate Water
i) NaOH (ag)+ HC (aq) NaCl (aq) 8 ldentify the substances that are oxidised and
+HO () the substances that are reduced in the
is used for white following reactions. Pg 13
4 A solution of a substance X'
() 4Na (s)+O2 (g)- 2 2NaOls)
washing.
write its formula. (i) CuOls) +H2g) Cu (s) HO)
() Name the substance 'X'and
+

substance X' named in Sol. ) 4Na () +O,

(i) Write the reaction of the Pg 10
(g) 2NaO )
(i) above with water. Na has gained oxygen and forms Na,O.
Sol. (i) Substance Xis calcium oxide or quicklime. So, Na is oxidised and
Its formula is CaO
O, is reduced
i) CuOls)+H2 (g) Cu
(i) Quicklime reacts with water as:
CuO has lost (s)+HO ()
oxygen and forms Cu.
CaO (6)+H,O() Ca(OH), (ag) So, Cu is reduced while
X Water
Slaked lime
hence, it is oxidised. H has gained oxygen.
(Calcium hydroxide)
 Reactions and Equations
9
Allinone Chernical

tells us about the

(in) a balanced chemical equation
Exercises physical state of the and products
reactants

15 and 16) solid (6), liquid () or gas (g) or

On Poges 14, whether they are

statements about the reaction aqueous(aq).

1 Which of the about heat changes that can
take place
below are incorrect? (ii) it tells us
the symbol of heat.
in a chemical reaction. A is
2PtOsCis) 2Pbis) +CO(g) Hence, it is endothermic o r exothermic
can be

reduced deduced from a balanced chemical equations.

() Lead is getting
is oxidised into
(in) Carbon dioxide getting 5 Translate the following
statements
Carbon is getting oxidised then balance them:
(ii) chemical equations and
oxide is getting reducedd combines with nitrogen to
form
(iv) Lead ) Hydrogen gas
reaction can be written in the form of two
Sol. The given ammonia.
separate reactions:
sulphide gas burns in air to give water
(i) and
Hydrogen
sulphur dioxide.
2PbO eductun
2Pb (G) Barium chloride reacts with
aluminium sulphate to
(ii) of
aluminium chloride and a precipitate
C() GainOxudation CO, g) give
and of orYyen barium sulphate.
Potassium metal with water to give
reacts
incorrect, while (ii) and (iv)
(iv) and hydrogen gas.
Thercfore, (i) and (i) are
potassium hydroxide
Sol. ( 3H, (g)+ N2 (g)- 2NH, (g)
are correct statements.

2A1- Al2Og + 2Fe 2H,O)+ 2502(g)

(iin 2H,S(g) +30,(g)
+
2 FeOg
The above reaction is
an example of a
() combination reaction
(iin 3BaCl2 (aq) + Al(So,), (aq)-
double displacement reaction
2AICI, (ag)+3BaSO4(«)
(i)
(n) decomposition reaction
(iv) 2K ()+ 2HO () 2KOH (aq)+ Hzlg)
(iv) displacement reaction
Balance the following chemical equations:
above reaction, Al is more reactive than Fe. 6
Sol. iv) In the Ca(NO3)2+HO
to form () HNOg+ Ca(OH)2
-

So, it displaces Fe from FeO, AlOg.

Hence, it is a displacement reaction. (in NaOH+ HS04 NasO + HO
acid is (in) NaCl+ AgNO AgCI+ NaNOg
3 What happens when dilute hydrochloric
answer. BasO + HCI
added to iron filings? Tick the
correct
(iv) BaCl2+ HSO
iron chloride are produced
( Hydrogen gas and Sol. )2HNO, +Ca(OH)2 Ca(NO,) + 2H,O
ater
(i) Chiorine gas and iron hydroxide are produced Nitric Calcium Calcium
acid hydroxide nitrate

(in) No reaction takes place

Iron salt and water are produced
(i) 2NaOH + H,SO NaSO 2H0
(iv) Sulphuric Sodium Water
reactive than hydrogen, Sodium
Sol. ( Iron being more
hydroxide acid sulphate
from the dilute hydrochloric
displaces hydrogen a salt (in) NaCl +AgNO, AgCl + NaNO,
acid. Thus, hydrogen gas and iron chloride
of iron are formed. Sodium Silver Silver Sodium
chloride nitrate chloride nitrate
Feln+ 2HC (a9) Feaglag) + H2(g)T iv) BaCl + H2SO4 > BaSO4 + 2HCI
equation? Why Barium Hydrochloric
4What is a balanced chemical Barium Sulphuric sulphate acid
chloride acid
should chemical equations be balanced?
Sol. A chemical change is represented by a chemical 7 Write the balanced chemical equations for the
of different
cquation. When the number of atoms following reactions:
clements on reactant and product side are cqual, then
the chemical cquation is called a balanced chemical () Calcium hydroxide +Carbon dioxide-
Calcium carbonate+ Water
cquation.
lt is important balance a chemical equation because
to (i) Zinc+Silver nitrate
Zinc nitrate + Silver
()to validate the law of conservation of mass
which states that the mass of reactants should be (in) Aluminium Copper chioride
cqual to the mass of the products. The total mass Aluminium chioride Copper
of a system s thus conserved.
(v) Barium chioride+ Potassium sulphate
Thas law holds true only if number of atoms of Barium sulphate + Potassium chloride
feaxtants seacting together is equal to number of
product atorms tormed
 Allnone science Class

10 Allina
considered an
n exoinermic
eve
10 Why is respiration
CaCO, + H2O reaction? Explain.
Sol. () Ca(OH)>+ CO2 Zn(NO,)2 + 2Ag Sol. The food taken by the living beings issy'snatel
alt 14
(i) Zn+ 2AgNO 3Cu broken down to the digestive
glucose byoxidised
(i) 2A1+ 3CuCl
> 2AlCl, +

glucose s o
formed is slowly to
carbon d
Cas
The
BaSO, + 2KCI release of heat eneroxid
with the
ergy.
(ir) BaCl, + K2SO4
chemical equation for
the
and water

respiration is
an
exothermic reaction. hus, Sol
Write the
balanced reaction in CHO%(aq)+602(g) 6CO2(g)
8 of
following and
identify the type
(Glucose) +6HO)+ energy
calle
each case:
+ Barium
iodide (aq) decomposition reactions
Potassium
bromide (aq) 11 Why are
combination
reactions?he
( Potassium iodide (aq) opposite of Write
+Barium bromide (s) equations
for these
reactions.
CBSE 201
reaction, single reactant .
In decomposition
(i) Zinc carbonate(s) Sol. a
products, whereae
Zinc oxide (s)+ Carbon dioxide (g) two or more
in a
down to produce more actants combine
react
two or
reaction,

()Hydrogen (9) +Chlorine (g)

combination

these reactions
Hydrogen chloride (g) give a single product. ofhus,
each other, e.g.
Ate
to be opposite
supposed
(iv) Magnesium (s)+ Hydrochloric acid (aqg)- () 2H2 + O2 - 2H,O
Magnesium chloride (aq) + Hydrogen (9) (Combination)

2KBr{ag) +Bal,(aq)2Kl+(aq)+BaBr(s)
or Electroytic
Sol. (Electric current

Type: Double displacement reaction

2H0-
orelectrolyre
(Decomposition)
2H2+ O2
(i) ZnCO () ZnO (s)+ CO,(g)
reaction (i) CaC0, + H,O+ CO2
Type: Thermal decomposition Ca(HCO,)2
(Combinarion)
i) H2g)+ Cl2 (g)-2HCI (g)
Type: Combination reaction

(iv) Mg (s) + 2HCI (aq)

Ca(HCO,)- (Decomposition)

MgCl2 (ag)+ H2 (g) CaCO, +HO+CO,

Type: Displacement reaction each for decomposition
12 Write one equation
and is supplied in the form
exothermic reactions where energy
9 What does one mean by
endothermic reactions? Give examples. of heat, light or electricity.
with the
Sol. Exothermic reactions These reactions proceed Heat: CaCO, ()ia CaO(s)+ CO,(g)
evolution (or release) of heat or energy, Sol. (
(in Light: 2AgCI() 2Ag(s)+ Cl,(g)
e-g
(iii) Electricity:
H,SO(aq) 2Hlag)+SOf (aq) +Heat 2H,O ()-
Electric current
2H, (g)+ Og)
(i) CH4(g)+20,(g) CO, (g)+ 2H,OU) (Acidulated)
Water
Methane Oxygen Carbon
dioxide + Heat
13 What is the difference between displacement
and double displacement reactions? Write
(ii) CH20,lag) +602(g)- equations for these reactions. CBSE2012, 11,10
Glucose Oxygen
Sol. In a displacement reaction, a more reactive element
6CO, (g) + 6HO) + Energy
Water
displaces a less reactive element from its salt solution.
Carbon But in a double displacement reaction, two atoms or
dioxide other.
groups from different compounds displace each
Endothermic reactions These reactions involve the Chemical
absorption of heat or energy, e.g
equation for single displacement,
Zn ()+ CusO,(aq) ZnSO,(ag)+ Cul)
() 2HgO () + Heat 2Hg ()+O,(g)
Mercuric oxide Mercury Oxygen Here, Zn displaces Cu from its salt solution (CuS0,
i) NH,CI (aq) + Heat NH(aq)+a(44) Chemical equation for double displacement,
BaCl(aq) + K_SO,(4q BaSO,(G)+ 2KCIu4
(ii) N (g)+O (g)+ Heat2NO (g3 Here, Ba and K displace each orher
 Allinone Chemical Reactions and
Equations
11

14 In the refining of
silver,the
silver from silver nitrate recovery of (ii) Reduction It is
solution involved a
process in which a substance
displacement by Gopper metal. Write down the loses oxygen.
reaction involved.
Sol. The reaction involved i (a) CuO+H2 Cu +HO
CuO loses
2AgNO, (aq) + Cu(s) oxygen to form Cu.
Silver nitrate Copper metal
Cu(NO ) 2(aq) + 2Ag(s)
(b) 2KCIO,(6)- 2KCI(«) +30,1g)
Copper nitrate Silver metal Potassium
chlorate
Potassium
chloride Oxygen
15 What do you mean by KCIO, loses oxygen to form KC and O2
Explain by giving examples.
a
precipitation reaction?
17 A shiny brown coloured
element X on heating
Sol. The reaction which is accompanied by the formation in air becomes black in colour.
of an insoluble solid mass Name the
(called precipitate) is known element X and the black coloured
as
precipitation reaction, e.g. formed.
compound
() When barium chloride solution is added to an Sol. Element Xis
copper and the black coloured compound
aqueous solution of sodium sulphate, a white is copper (I) oxide.
precipitate of barium sulphate is obtained.

BaCl,(ag) + Na2SOg (ag) - 2Cu(s)+O2(g)

X
2CuO(s)
(Brown) Copper (11)
oxide (Black)
BaSO ()+ 2NaCl (ag) 18 Why do
(Whire ppt.) apply paint on iron articles?
we
Sol. Byapplying paint iron articles, they can beprevented
on
(i When silver nitrate is added to an
aqueous from corrosion (rusting). Paint does not allow
solution of sodium chloride, a white oxygen
precipitate
of silver chloride (AgCl), which is soluble in (from air) and water (moisture) to come in contact with
the surface of iron.
NHOH is obtained.

AgNO, (aq)+ NaCl(aq) - 19 Oil and fat containing food items areflushed
with nitrogen. Why? CBSE 2014
AgCl()+ NaNO, (ag) Sol.
(White ppt Nitrogen is unreactive gas as
compared to oxygen. Oil
and fat present in the food items get oxidised and
16 Explain the following in terms of gain or loss of become rancid in the presence of air or oxygen. But such
oxygen with two examples each. reaction is prevented in the of
presence nitrogen.
() Oxidation (i) Reduction Therefore, food items like potato chips etc., are
packed
Sol. Oxidation It is with nitrogen gas to prevent them from rancidity for a
a process in which a substance long time.
gains oxygen, e.g.
(a) 4Na + O2 2Na,O 20 Explain the
Sodium Oxygen Sodium oxide
following terms with one example
of each:
(6) 2H + O2 2H0 (i) Corrosion
Hydrogen Oxygen Water
In the above reactions, Na
(i) Rancidity
andH2 gains oxygen Sol. Refer to text on page 7.
to form Na,Oand H,Orespectively
No.
PageNo.
Date

Exam Practice
Objective Type Questions [1 Mark each]
Mutiple Choice Questions
Which of the following is a (a) (i) Only (b) (i) and (ii)
(a) Formation of curd from milk physical change? (c) (i) and (ii) (d) Only (iv)
Sol. (a) Decomposition of silver chloride
(b) Ripening of fruits the presence of
takes place in
(c) Getting salt from sea water sunlight.
(d) Burning of wood Sunlight
2AgCl
Sol. () The changes, which can Silver 2Ag(s)+Cl2
Sliver
give back the reactants by chloride grey)
physical means are called physical changes.
getting of salt from sea water is physical change.Hence,
a
In this reaction, the white colour of
silver chloride
changes greyish white due to the formation of
2 When Ca(NOg }2 is heated, it silver metal.
gives CaO,
NO,(g) and O2lg). The correct number of 5 Which among the following is/are double
moles of Ca{NO3)2, Ca0, NO2(g) and O2 (g)
are present in the reaction are
displacement reaction(s)?
(a) 2, 1,3, 2
respectively i) Pb +CuClh PbClh + Cu
(b) 2, 2, 4, 1 i) NagSO4 + BaClh BaSO4 +2NaCl1
c) 2, 2, 2, 1 (d) 1,2, 4, 1
Sol. (6) Ca(NO3)2 on heating gives Ca0, NO,(g) and (ii) C+02 CO2
Olg). The balanced chemical equation is as follows: (iv) CH4 +202- CO2 +2H,O
2Ca(NO,)2 - 2CaO+ 4NO,(g) +Olg) (a) (i) and (iv) (b) Only (ii)
Hence, number of moles of reactant Ca(N03)2 and (c) i) and (ii) (d) (ii) and (iv)
products CaO, NO2(g) and O(g) are present 2, 2, 4 NCERT Exemplar
and I respectively. Sol. (b) In double displacement reaction, two
compounds exchange their ions to form two new
3 Electrolysis of water is a decomposition compounds.
reaction. The mole ratio of hydrogen and Only in reaction (ii), exchange of ions is taking
oxygen gases liberated during electrolysis of place (cations and anions of both reactants are
water is NCERT Exemplar exchanged).
NaSO + BaCl2 BaSO% + 2NaCI
(a) 1:1 (b) 2:1 White ppt.
(c) 4:1 (d) 1:2
Sol. (b) The water decomposes during electrolysis to form 6 Which of the following statements about
hydrogen and oxygen gases in the molar ratio 2: 1 by the given reaction are correct?
volume.
2H,O () Electric current2H,g)+O2 8) 3Fels)+4H0Olg)Fe O,(s)+ 4H,(g
Water (i) Iron metal is getting oxidised.
Hydrogen Oxygen
2:1 (ii) Water is getting reduced.
4 Which among the following statements is /are ii) Water is acting as reducing agent.
true? Exposure of silver chloride to sunlight (iv) Water is acting as oxidising agent.
for a long duration turns grey due to (a) (i). (i) and (iil) (b) (ii) and (iv)
i) the formation of silver by decomposition of (c) (i), (i) and (iv) (d) (i) and (iv)
silver chloride. NCERT Exemplar
(i) sublimation of silver chloride Sol. () Fe is gaining oxygen to give FegO4. HA is
(ii) decomposition of chlorine gas trom silver losing oxygen to
give H2. The substance which
oxidises the other substance in a chemical reaction
chloride is known as an oxidising agent. So, water is aCting
iv oxidation of silver chloride.
NCERT Exemplar as oxidising agent.
 The following reaction example of a 10 Solid calcium oxide reacts
is
4NH (g)+ 502(g)- ANO (g)+ 6H,O(g)
an
water to form calciumvigorously with
(i)
(ii)
displacement reaction
combination reaction
accompanied by liberation of heat, T
process is called slaking of lime. Calci
hydroxide
ii) redox reaction hydroxide dissolves in
water to
(iv) neutralisation reaction solution called lime water. Whichform it
(a) (1) and (iv) (b) (ii) and (ii) the following is are true
lime and the solution
about slakingong
(c) (i) and (iii) (d) (iii) and (iv) formed
NCERT Exemplar i) It is an endothermic reaction.
Sol. (d) It is a redox reaction because oxidation and (ii) It is exothermic reaction.
reduction both take place simultaneously in this (ii The pH of the resulting solution wil b.
reaction. Also, it is a displacement reaction because
more than seven.
be
H of NH3 has been displaced by oxygen. (iv) The pH of the resulting solution wil h
8 A dilute ferrous sulphate solution was less than seven. NCERT Exemplar
gradually added to the beaker containing (a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (ii)
acidified permanganate solution. The light (c) (i) and (iv) (d) (ii) and (iv)
purple colour of the solution fades and Sol. (6) It is an exothermic reaction because heat is pgiven
out and the resulting compound 5 Ca(OH), whichi
finally disappears. Which of the following
basic in nature so, the pH of the resulting solution
is the correct explanation for the observation?
will be more than seven.
(a) KMnO4 is an oxidising agent, it oxidises
FeSO4 CaO +H0 Ca(OH)2+ heat
(b) FeSO4 acts as an oxidising agent and Calcium
oxide
Calcium
hydroxide
oxidises KMnO4. (basic)
(c) The colour disappears due to dilution, Ca(OH)2 turns red litmus solution to blue
no reaction is involved. So, its pH value is greater than seven.
(d) KMnO4 is an unstable compound and
1 Food items made up of oils or fats are
decomposes in the presence of FeSO4 toa
generally fushes with some inert gas
colourless compound. NCERT Exemplar
I. To protect them from corrosion.
Sol. (a) Potassium
permanganate (KMnO4) in presence II. To enhance their flavour.
of dil H2SO4, i.e., in acidic medium acts as
strong III. To protect them from being rancid.
oxidising agent. In acidic medium, KMnO4 oxidises
ferrous sulphate to ferric sulphate. IV. To protect their taste.

2KMnO4 +8H2SO4 +10FeSO4 -

The correct statement is
Ferrous (a) 11, III, IV (b) III and IV
sulphate (c) only III (d) All of these
K2S04 +5Fe2(SO4)3+ 2MnSO4 +8H0 Sol.
Ferric (6) Nitrogen gas is flled inside
food items to prevent
sulphate rancidity and spoilage of food due to its taste.

Which of the following are exothermic 12 Two gases 'Z' having suffocating odour are
processes? obtained when a green solid 'X' is heated,
i) Reaction of water with quick lime alongwith a residue 'Y. These gases are
(i) Dilution of an acid major air pollutants. When the vapours o
(iii) Evaporation of water the gases are collected and dissolved in

(iv) Sublimation of camphor (crystals)

water, the solution turns blue litmus to red
The colour of the residue becomes red.
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (i) and (ii)
(c) (i) and (iv) (d) (i) and (iv).
Z=Suffocating
NCERT Exemplar gas
Sol. (a) When quicklime reacts with water, a large Y=Red residue
amount of heat is released along with the formation
of calcium hydroxide. Similarly, the process of X=Light
dissolving an acid or base in water is a highly green
compound
exothermic reaction. Evaporation of water and
sublimation of camphor are endothermic reactions.
 Allfnone Che

Assertion-Reason

X, Y, Z. Nos. 20-24)
In each of the following
the
would be Direction (Q. Assertion is given by
What
of Reason.
PbO2, NO2,N,O
statement statements,

Pb(NO3>, questions, a
of Of the
(a)
FeO,H20, Hz02
s t a t e m e n t

corresponding as.
Fe(H>. answer
and
(b)
(c)FeSO4.Fe2Oa.SO2.sO3 m a r k the
correct
Reason are
true
Assertion
and of
Assertion.

Both
(d) P b S 0 4 ,Pb2O3,SO2,sO3 (a) correct
explanation

Reason is the true, b u t

T Reason
are

> FcO3 + SO, T+SO, (b) Both

Assertion
and
correct
explanation
of
Sol. ( 2FesO4 the
Reddish Reason is n o t
Green
Suffocating
brown Assertion. is false.
Smell Reason
(A) () is t r u e ,
but
(2) Assertion
Reason is true.

blue litmus to red) (c) is false,

but
2H2SO, (rurns
Assertion
equation,
> (d) chemical
2SO2 + 2 H O -
Sulphurous T h e following
Assertion +3H20
acid 20 4CO2
+O2
Blanks
2CH chemical
equation.
equation,
the produce balanced

Fill in
c h e m i c a l
r e a c t i o n s

is a
b a l a n c e d
element

each
precipitation
Reason
In a atoms
of
The of
13 total
number

the
equation.

salts. the s i d e of balanced

both In a
with on is true.
of
is e q u a l
heated atoms
of
r e a s o n

is but
is false
Sol. insoluble
chloride number

A s s e r t i o n total equation.
the
When
a m m o n i u m

evolved
is...
Sol. (4) equation, both
sides ofthe is,
the gas
on equation
equal
c h e m i c a l

14 soda, element
are
balanced
chemical

caustic each c o r r e c t

Sol. NH; (ammonia) r e p r e s e n t s

Moreover,
the 4CO2 +6HO
equation

2CH+702- +2Fe
c h e m i c a l

Al2O3
t h e i r . . . . . .

complete and + 2Al

product
Fe2O3 is an
15 A r e a c t a n t s , A s s e r t i o n
equation
n

the 21 c h e m i c a l
c h e m i c a l

r e a c t i o n .

Sol. physical state.

above
displacement

The
r e a c t i v e

The
r e a c t i o n .

of m o r e

True and False decomposition

example
being oxide.
Aluminium
from
its
Reason
d o u b l e
R e a s o n
Fe and
is a r e a c t i o n .
displaces

are
true

Rusting redox
r e a c t a n t

iron, Reason
than and
16 is a one
A s s e r t i o n Assertion.

False;
Rusting r e a c t i o n ,
Both of
Sol. decomposition Sol. (a) c o r r e c t
e x p l a n a t i o n

2Fe reactive
p r o d u c t s .
+
the Al03 highly
m o r e is Here,
a
In or
+2Al
17 two
in a FoO3
r e a c t i o n .

Fego.
Fe from
produce
d i s p l a c e m e n t
i n t r o d u c e d

nr is i nc
is is a D
displaces
c h e m i c a l 1
 16 o.

Allinone Science Class

23 Assertíon Quicklime Sol. A
with water
reacts vigorously photographic film used in
black and
heat.
releasing a large amount of photography
chloride.
is celluloid filon
a
coating wirh w
Its
working is based on the decomn
of silver chloride in
Reason The above chemical reaction is an the presence of
exothermic reaction.
sunligh on
Sunlight
Sol. (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is 2AgCl 2Ag +Cl2lg)
the correct cxplanation of Assertion. In Decomposition
exothermic
reactions, heat is released alongwith the formation of 27 Copper nitrate gives
products but if we a test
heat a small amountnitrate
of
of
24 Assertion boiling tube, it does not give test of it
Photosynthesis is considered as
an endothermic reaction. ion. Why? nitr
nitrate
Reason Energy gets released in the process Sol. Initially copper nitrate contains NOG ions. Thus
of photosynthesis. presence of this ion can be confirmed by
teer
the
Sol. ()Assertion is true but Reason
heating copper nitrate decomposes accordino
is false.
Photosynthesis is
considered as an endothermic following equation. the
reaction because energy in the A
form of
absorbed by the green
plants sunlight is 2Cu(NO3)2 2CuOs)+4NO,lg)+O,(g)
Thus, according the above equation
to
Passage Based Questions there is
NO ion available after heating. Therefore, no

Direction (Q Nos. 25-28) Answer the solid CuO will not give test for
resultinting
the basis of questions on NO ion.
your
passage and related studied
understanding of the following 28 Give one example of oxidation reaction
concepts: everyday life. in
During a chemical reaction atoms of one element do Sol. Iron particles are shiny when
not
change into those of another element. Nor do with a reddish brown new but get coated
atoms
disappear from the mixture or appear from time. This process is
powder when left for
some
elsewhere. commonly known as
rusting
Actually, chemical reactions involve the iron which is an
example of oxidation of
reaction.
breaking and making of bonds between atoms to Direction (Q. Nos. 29-32) Answer
the questions
produce new substances. There are different the basis of your on
chemical reactions types of understanding of the
followinga
occurring during
have observed the effect of these this process. We passage, table and related studied
concepts:
in our chemical reactions A
magnesium ribbon 'X' was taken by four
everyday life also. Redox reaction, P,Q,R and Sand they cleaned it by sand students
photochemical reaction, precipitation reaction are 'X' and a piece of coal 'Y' paper. 2 cm of
were taken in a
some of the watch glass
types of chemical reactions. by four students. On burning two 'X' and 'Y'
25 Which burner following abservation were by using
decomposition reaction followed by
two combination reactions forr of table as given below:
form recorded in the
are involved in
white wash of walls ?
Sol.
Decomposition of limestone (CaCO%) gives Observations by ltem Flame's colour Residue
obtained
quicklime which combine with water form slaked to X Dazzling white
lime Ca(OH)2, which after
putting the walls, on
Greyish ash
combine with CO% of the air to form Y Yelowish
CaCO%. Black ash
Decomposition reaction: X Dazzing White
White powder
CaCO3() CaOs) +COa(g) Sooty Blackish grey ash
Quick lime R X White flame
Combination reaction: Grey powder
(a) Ca0+HO Ca(OH) Y White flamne Black coke
Slaked lime S X Yellowish
(b) Ca(OH)2 +CO(g) Greyish ash
-

CaCO,()+ HO YSooty Black ash

Calcium
26 How carbonate 29 The correct
an
photochemical reactions have played student
observation was made by the
important role in
photography? a) P (b) Q (c) R (d) S
 Allnone Chemical Reactions and Equations 17

Sol. Metal X is lead (Pb). The of metal carbonate is

Magnesium ribbon burns with Dazzling white
name
Sol. (b)
lead carbonate (PbCOg).
flame and sooty fumes. The correct observation was
made by the student Q.
PbCO () PbO()+ CO2 (g)
Lead Carbon
30 When magnesium ribbon burnt it produce Lead
oxidedioxide
carbonate (Yellow)
(a) magnesium hydroxide
(b) magnesium oxide
37 Write a balanced chemical equation for the
(c) magnesium chloride
Ethanol is warmed with
(d) magnesium carbonate following reaction; the
ethanoic acid to form ethyl a c e t a t e in
ribbon burns, it r e a c t s with
Sol. (6) When magnesium presence of concentrated H2SO4
oxygen present
in
the air and form a powdery ash NCERT Exemplar
called magnesium oxide (MgO).
Conc. Ha SOs
ribbon must be cleaned Sol. CHsOH +CH,coOH Esterification

31 Why magnesium Ethanol Ethanoic acid

before burning in air ? CH,COOCHs + H
ribbon must be cleaned before burning Echyl ethanoate Water
Sol. Magnesium formed (Ester)
r e m o v e the layer of MgO
in the air, so as
to and air.
between magnesium between the
due to reaction is the difference
38 What
following two reactions?
Name the type
of reaction occur during this
32 MgClh + H2
experiment. i) Mg +2HC1 NaCl+ H20
Sol. Combustion reaction: (ii) NaOH+ HCI Hence,
reactive than H.
Mgs)+H2S0,(aq) MgO(;)+H(g)t Sol. () Hex Mg is more

Therefore, it is a
displaces hydrogen.
displacement reaction.
Questions the
Answer Type of ions between
Very Shot in the (i) In this reaction, exchange
Hence, it is a double
oxidising agent occur.

33 Identify the
reactants

displacement reaction.
following:
MnClh(aq) agent in the
MnO2(s) + 4HCI 39 Identify the reducing
+Clhg)+2H20 following reaction.
NCERT Exemplar
reaction.
in the given 2Fe+ 3CO2
Sol. MnO2 is the oxidising agent FeO3 +3CO in
monoxide is the reducing agent
Sol. CO, i.e. carbon from FeO3
34 In the reaction, as it removes oxygen
Be2C+xH20 yBe(OH)2 +CH4 the given reaction
reduction.
and causes its
and y. acquire a
values of x wall immediately
write the do not a
equation, 40 Why of slaked lime
the given when a coating
Sol. On balancing white colour
2Be(OH)2+ CH4 on it?
BeC +4HO- Methane is applied the wall,
Beryllium lime is applied o n
Water solution of slaked
Beryllium hydroxide Sol. When a reacts with
thin layer of
carbide present
in air slowly calcium
CO% gas thin layer of
Hence, x =4and y= 2. calcium
to form a
hydroxide
variable white.
component/ carbonate, that is quite carbonate
the missing formed calcium
35 Complete reaction.
Therefore, the newly
X and Yin the following the wals.
given a s white look to
(Y)
ZnSO4X) +H2 impart
H2 SO,(aq)
Ca(OH)laq) +CO%(g)- CaCO,(s)+HO)
Zn(s)+ NCERT Exemplar
reaction:
ZnSO,(aq)+ H2lg) 41 Consider the following
Sol. Zn(s) +H,SO4(4) Zinc
Hydrogen (s)+SO2(g)+SOg
FegO3
(g)
Zinc Sulphuric 2FesO (s)
yes, why
sulphate not? If
acid redox reaction
or
Is it a (F)isgetting
and Y (g) because ferrous
=

X =
laq) Sol. Itis a redox
reaction is geting
whereas SO;
white solid. ferric ion (Fe")
c a r b o n a t e of
metal X is a oxidised to
The carbon
6 to form reduced to SO
when heated
It decomposes What is
solid oxide.
dioxide and a
yellow
metal X?
 (Short Answer (SA) ype Questions (3 Marks each

1 State example each characterised by

one 4 Write the balanced chemical equatin
the following alongwith the chemical the following reactions and identifo
equation: the
of reaction in each case.
type
(i) Change in state (ii) Evolution of gas In thermite reaction, iron (IIn
()
(ii) Change in temperature
CBSE 2016 reacts with aluminium ana ig
molten iron and aluminiu oxide. gives
Sol. )Burning of coal is
(1) (ii) Magnesium
ribbon burnt in
C0+02g)
(i) Evolution of gas
CO, (g) atmosphere of nitrogen gas to
solid magnesium nitride.
an
form
(1)
)+2HCd (ag)- ZnCl0)+ H2lg)T
Zn
NCERT Exemplar
(ii) Change in temperature
CaOs)+HO)
(1)
Ca(OH)%(aq)+ Heat Sol. 2Al(»)
) FeO(;)+ Aluminium 2Fet)+
Molten
AlO,t)
2 Write the balanced chemical
Iron (11)
oxide
iron Aluminium
oxide
the equations for
following and
identify the type of It is a displacement reaction. (1%
chemical reactions.
G) Hydrogen iodide on reacting with chlorine (i) 3Mg() + Nalg) Mg3N2l
gas gives iodine and hydrochloric acid. Magnesium Nitrogen Magnesium
nitride
ii) Methane gas burns in oxygen of air to It is a combination reaction.
form carbon dioxide and water. (1A
5 Write chemical equations for the reaction
(ii) On passing electric current through
taking place when
molten aluminium oxide, it
(i) Magnesium reacts with dilute HNO,
decomposes to form aluminium metal
and oxygen gas. CBSE 2015 (ii) Sodium reacts with water.
9 2HI(aq) +Cl(g)>l2lg)+2HCI(aq) (iii) Zinc reacts with dilute hydrochlor
It is a displacement reaction. (1) acid. CBSE 201
(i) CH(g)+ O(g)> COlg)+2HOg) Sol. (9 Mgl)+2HNO,(4q) Mg(NO,)ylaq)
(From air)
+Heat +Hlg)
It is an exothermic reaction. (1) (in 2Nals) +2HO) H2lg)+ 2NaOH(aq)
(i) 2A1,0,) 4Al(G) +30,(g) (i) Zn(s)+2HCl(aq) ZnCl,laq)+Halg) »
It is a decomposition reaction. (1)
6 A metal salt MX when exposed to lig
3 Balance the following chemical equations. split up to form metal M and
a gas
Write the symbols of physical states of al
the reactants and the products.
Metal M is used in making ornamer
whereas gas X2 is used in maki
) PbgO +HNOg bleaching powder. The salt MX is its
Pb(NO3)2 +PbO2 +H20 used in black and white
(i) CHsOH+O2 photography.
(i) Identify metal M and gas X2.
CO, +H2O+Heat i) Mention the type of chemical react
(ii) PbO +HCl PbCh +Ch +H,0 involved when salt MX is exposed.
Sol. ) Pb,0, () +4HNO, light.
(a4) Sol.
CBSE 28
) The metal (M)
2PbNO,), (aq)+ PbO, ()+ 2HO) is silver (Ag) and gas (X
(1) chlorine (Cl)
(i)CH,OH U)+30, (g) i) The chemical reaction involved
2C0,(g)+3H,O)+ Heat (1) reaction.
is
decompos
(ui)Pb,O,(o)+8HCl(a9) 2AgCIK)
Lugh
3PbCI,(aq)+Q(g)+ 4HO) (1) Sdver chioride
2Agts)+di)
 7
Decomposition
either
in the
reactions require
form of heat or energy 2Al GHa4)
electricity for light
breaking down the reactants. or
Alaeronm Hyrrrtierk
Write equation each for
one
reactions where energy is decomposition 2AKsq3H
form of heat, light and supplied in the
Sol. electricity.
CBSE 2018 11i) No 1eactin KIT
Decomposition reaction A reaction in which
rcactant breaks down Reason Ssver meal s ess
42
to form two or more
a
single therefore, it cannon displaceseactve t 2 vpa
is known as
decomposition reaction. products, sulphate whutin. oppes i s spg
( When a
decomposition reaction is carried
heating. then it
is known as
out
thermal
by Agls) CusO,ag)
decomposition reaction.
12
CaCOg(s)-Heat 9 Write a
Calcium CaOs)+CO2(g)
Calcium
balanced chemical
each of the equztion i
following reations and also
carbonate
(Limestone)
Oxide Carbon
diozide classify them.
(Quick lime)
(i) A (1) G) Lead acetate solution
decomposition reaction in which energy is
is treatei wiih
supplied in the form of light, is known dilute hydrochlricacid to iorm ead
photochemical decomposition reaction. as
chloride and acetic acid soution.
ii) A piece of sodium metal is added t
2 AgCls) Sunlight absolute ethanol to form s i u n
Silver chloride 2Ag() ethoxide and hydrogen
(White) Silver gas
(Greyish white) iii) Hydrogen sulphide gas reacts h
Cl2 (1) oxygen gas to form solid suiphur and
Chlorine liquid water. NCERT Exemplaar
(Yellowish green) Sol. CH,COO),Pblag)+ 2Ha
(iii) A decomposition reaction in which
is
energy as
supplied in the form of electricity, is known Pbagag)- 2CH,COOH)
(Double displacement reaction) (12 12
electrolytic decomposition reaction. (in) 2Nals)+2CH,OH) 2CHONal
2HO) Electrical current 2H(g)+ O2 g)
Water (Displacement reaction) H
a r d
Hydrogen Oxygern
(1) (ii) 2H,S(g)+Olg) 25()-2HO
(1/2 12
V8 What happens when a piece of
i) zinc metal is added to copper sulphate (Displacementreaction) (12- 12
solution? 10 State the type of chemical reactions with
(ii) aluminium metal is added to dilute chemical equations that take place in the
hydrochloric acid?
following.
(iii) silver metal is added
copper ) Magnesium wire is burnt in air
sulphate solution? Also, write the ii) Electric current is passed through water
balanced chemical equation if the
reaction occurs. NCERT Exemplar (ii) Ammonia and hydrogen chloride gases
are mixed. CBSE 2016
Sol. ( Blue colour of copper sulphate solution gets fade
Sol. () Magnesium wire is burnt in air to produce
away. (1/2)
magnesium oxide and heat (1)
Reason Zinc being more reactive than copper
reacts with copper sulphate to form colourless 2Mg ()O, (g) 2MgO ()-Hear
zinc sulphate solution and a solid brown copper (Combination reaction)
gets deposited. (i) Electric current is passed through water to evolve
hydrogen and oxygen gases. 1)
Zn(s)+CuSO,(ag) -ZnSO,(aq) + Cu(s)
Zinc Zinc sulphate Copper
Grey)
Copper 2H 2H g-0, g
CiTenr
sulphate (Colourless) (Brown)
(Blue) (1/2) (Decomposition reaction)
(Gi) Hydrogen gas is evolved. (1/2) (ii) Ammonia and hydrogen chloride gases are mixed
to form ammonium chloride (1
Reason Aluminium reacts with dilute
hydrochloric acid to form aluminium chloride NH3+HC NH,C.
and hydrogen gas. (Combination reaction)
 when kept for a long time in
7 On heating blue coloured powderof Suggest one method to prevent i Pen
copper (II) nitrate in a boiling tube, copper
oxide (black), oxygen gas and a brown gas X Sol. () CaO(s) + H20(g) Ca(OH)2lag) 4
is formed. NCERT Exemplar Calcium
oxide
Water Slaked lime
Heat
(1) Write a balanced chemical equation of It is a combination reaction beca
the reaction. compounds reacts to give single product.ause
Cii) Identify the brown gas X evolved. As heat is also evolved during the proces.
is also an example ot exothermic reaction th
ii) Identify the type of reaction. (in HS(g)+Clalg) 2HCI(g) + Slt
(iv) What could be the pH range of the
aqueous solution of the gas X?
Hydrogen
sulphide
Chlorine Hydrochloric Sulphur
acid

So1. () 2Cu(NO ) (G) e a

Oxidising agent -Cl2, Reducing agent -H.s
Copper (I1) nitrate (ii) This is known as rancidity. HS
2CuO() + 4NO,(g) + Oslg) (1) Prevention Oily food must be kept in ai
(Black)
(Brown)
(X)
Oxygen containers. airtigh
(i) The brown gas Xevolved is nitrogen dioxide, NO2 14 On adding of
a drop barium chloria
(1/2) solution to aqueous solution of sod
an
(ii) Thermal decomposition. (1/2) sulphite, white precipitate is obtained
(iv) pH 7
Reason NO, dissolves in water to form acidic ) Writea balanced chemical equation.bt
the reaction involved.
solution (pH lies below 7). (1)
(ii) What other name can be given
12 When solutions of silver nitrate and sodium precipitation reaction?
to thi.
this
chloride are mixed, a white precipitate
forms. The ionic equation for the reaction is (ii) On adding dilute hydrochloric acid
reaction mixture, white the
Ag (ag)+ C. AgCl(s)
i) (a) What is the name of the white
disappears. Why? NCERT precipitate
Exemplar
precipitate? Sol. ( NaSO(aq) +BaCl(aq)
(b) Is ita soluble or insoluble compound? Sodium Barium
(ii) Is the precipitation of silver chloride a sulphite chloride

redox reaction? BaSO,()+ 2NaCl(ag) (

Sol. ) a) Silver chloride Barium Sodium choride
(AgCl) is the white precipitate sulphite
formed.
() Double displacement reaction
(6) Silver chloride (AgCl) is an insoluble compound (ui) BaSO () (1
(2)
(White ppr)
2HCl(44)
(i) t is not a redox reaction. Dil. hydrochloric acid

NaCl(aq) +AgNO,(aq) AgCl) BaCl (aq) +

HO() + SO
Barium chloride
Sodium Silver nitrate Saver chlorid
(Soluble) Water Sulphur
chloride dioxide
NaNO(4)
Soxdium nitrate
As the reaction
product, barium chloride, water is
In this reaction, cations soluble thus, the white precipitate disappears. ()
Ag and Na have
Cxchanged their anions NO and and a 15 A metal X' acquires a green colour
precipitate of AgC has been formed. It is an
on its surtace on
coating
cxample of double
displacement and exposure to air
precipitation reactions. (1) )ldentity the metal X' and name the
process involved in it.
13 ) Give an
example for a combination (u) Name and write chemical formula of the
reaction which is exothermic. green coating formed.
(ui) ldentity the i) List
oxdising agent and two important methods to prevest
reducing agent in the tollowing reaction the process.
HSig) C; (g 2HCIHg)+ Sis)
Sol ) The metal X is
copper (Cu) and rhe procs
ai) Name the volved s corrosion
the taste and
phenomenon due to whach (4) Green coaring formed is basic
smell of oily food capper carbeina
changes ie CuO CuiOH)
 (iii) Two 21 MA
important methods prevent the
to
are
painting and galvanising
surface with zinc process
metal). (Coating of iron ii)
Precipitation reaction
16 reaction. or double
() Classify the (1) displacement
different types:following reactions into
18 A metal
X
generally
turns black when
(1)
(a) AgNO3laq) NaCllaq) +
in open for
several days. The metal kept
AgCls) rubbed with when
toothpaste again start shining.
(b) CaO(s) + +NaNO3 (aq) (i) ldentify the metal X.
(c) 2KCIiO3(s)H2O)> Ca(OH)laq)
2KCI(aq)+302g) (ii) Why do the metal X
turns balck. Name
(d) Zn CuSO4+ the phenomenon involved.
(ii) Translate the
ZnSO4 +Cu (iii) Name the black
substance formed and
following
balanced chemical statement into
equation. a
write its formula.
NCERT Exemplar
Sol. () X
"Barium chloride =Ag (Silver) (1/2)
reacts with (ii) Silver reacts with some
aluminium sulphate to
give aluminium sulphur
hydrogen sulphide to form blackcompounds
layer of silver
as
chloride and barium
sulphate." sulphide.
CBSE 2019 2Ag+ HS
Sol. () (a) Double
displacement reaction and Silver Hydrogen
Ag2S +H2
Silver
precipitation reaction sulphide sulphide
(1/2) This
phenomenon is known
(6) Combination reaction as corrosion.
2)
(1/2) (iii) Ag2S (Silver sulphide).
()Thermaldecomposition reaction (1/2)
(1/2)
(d) Metal displacement reaction. 19 A
(1/2) yellowish coloured compound "X' is a
(i) Refer to NCERT Folder, page-8, Q-2(i). (1) photosensitive material. On exposure to
sunlight, it gives a greyish substance Y
17 When potassium iodide solution is added
and brown fumes of a gas Z'. Identify X, Y
to a solution of lead (11) nitrate in a test
and Z. How will you obtain 'X' from the
tube, a precipitate is formed. CBSE 2019 nitrate salt of 'Y'?
) What is the colour of this precipitate? Sol.
Name the compound precipitated.
2AgBr 2Ag + BrT
Z(Brown
(ii) Write the balanced chemical equation ume

for this reaction. On exposure to sunlight AgBr undergoes

of reactions in which this decomposition reaction.
(ii) List two types
reaction can be placed. To obtain AgBr, add sodium bromide solution into
the test tube containing silver nitrate solution.
Sol. ) A yellow precipitate oflead iodide (Pblz) is formed.
(1) AgNO(4)+NaBr(4q)
(i) Pb(NO,),aq)+ 2KI4q). AgBr+NaNO,(4g)
Silver
Lead Potassum bromide
iodide
nirate Pbl) 2KNO,(4) (Yellow pp) (3)
Lead sodadr Potamum
(Yeliow p natraie (1)
 Questions S Marks each
Answer (LA) Type
Long
CuO()+ H2(g) Heat Cu(s) + H,O0
chemical
reaction
(Black) (Brown)
Identify the type of of the following:
in each
taking place s o l u t i o n is
mixed with
3 Define rancidity. What
kind of substa.
i) Barium
chloride
a white tance
are used to prevent rancidity? Explain
s o l u t i o n and
sulphate Jain any
copper
precipitate is observed. three methods to prevent rancidity.
in air in a Sol. It is the process of slow oxidation of oils and
heating copper powder
(i) On of copper materials resulting in the ptod.a
the surface present in food
China dish, them. Antioxidante
powder turns black. foul odour and taste in
of
coloured ferrous BHA and BHT are used to prevent rancidity like
(iii) On heating green 2
reddish brown solid can be preventedar.
sulphate crystals, odour
Methods by which rancidity a
smell of a gas having follows:
is left and () Keeping the food materials in ait.tight
is experienced.
of burning sulphur
in blue
nails when left dipped
containers.

(iv) Iron cooked food

copper sulphate solution become i) Refrigeration of at
low
blue colour
brownish in colour and the
temperature.
like potato chin
waters,
of copper sulphate fades away, (i) Packing of food gas
in
instead ofair
packets containing nitrogen
(v) Quicklime reacts vigorously with water 3
releasing a large amount of heat.
L. () Double displacement and precipitation reactions. 4There are different types of chemical
around us
(1) reactionas OCcurring or
(1) carried out for
the benefit of
(i) Combination and oxidation reactions. being
(ii) Thermal decomposition reaction. (1) mankind,
e.g. combination
reactions,
(iv) Displacement reaction. (1) decomp0sition reactions, displacement
() Combination and exothermic reactions. (1) reactionsS, precipitation reactions,
reduction- oxidation (redox) reactions,
photochemical reactions etc.
i) Identify type of reactions taking
the
place in each of the following cases and Now, answer the following questions:
write the balanced chemical equations
() Combustion of coke is a combination
for the reactions reaction. CO% formed during reaction is
(a) Barium chloride solution is mixed, not a pollutant. Then why is combustion
with copper sulphate solution and a of coke harmful?
white precipitate is obtained.
(il) Which reaction followed by two
On heating copper powder in air,
(b) combination reactions are involved in
the surface of the copper powder white wash of walls?
turns black.
iii) Give one use plating in daily life.
of tin
ii) What happens when hydrogen gas is
passed over the heated copper oxide? (iv) How photochemical reactions have
played an important role in photography?
Write the chemical equation involved in
this reaction. CBSE 2016 Sol. () is not a pollutant when present in he
CO2
atmosphere upto a certain percent. Rather, it helps
(a) BaCl2 (ag) +CuSO4 (aq) to maintain the temperature of the Earth.
BaSO4 (s)+CuCl2 (a) Combustion of coke is harmful as it increases the
Double decomposition reaction (14) concentration of CO, in the atmosphere which

(6) 2Culv)+O(g) 2CuO() causes global warming (greenhouse effect). (

Redox reaction (14) (i) Reaction of calcium with oxygen gives quicklime
If hydrogen gas is passed over heated material (CaO) which combines with water to torm
(CuO) the black coating on the surface turns slaked lime, Ca(OH), which after putting on the
brown as the reaction takes place and copper is walls, combines with of the air to form
CO
obtained. (1) CaCO%
2Ca(s) +O2(g) 2CaOG)
Quicklime
 a Equdfions

23
CaOs)+HO)- Ca(OH),lag) Slaked lime
Ca(OH)(ag) CO>( g) + (i) Reactions of
aluminium with
CaCO,()+ HO) (a) Dil. HCI Al reacts
with dil.
Calcium
carbonate (14) be HCI, it cannot
kept in aluminium container. so
(ii Tiffin boxes made up of steel are either
or nickel tin
2Al+6HC 2AC3+ 3H2T
plated to them from plated (1/2)
However, tin-platingprotect b) Dil. HNO, When dil. HNO, is
non-poisonous and
is
hence,
preferred becauserusting.
tin is container, it forms protectivekept
in A
the food kept in them. does not a
contaminate aluminium oxide on it, layer
which prevents
of
(iv) A
photographic film used in black and white (1) aluminium
can be
from furrher reaction
therefore it
photography is celluloid a kept Al container.
in
film coated with (1/2)
chloride. silver (c)ZnCl2 Al is more reactive than
zinc,
Its working is based on the
solution cannot be so
ZnCl2
kept in aluminium container.
silver chloride in the decomposition of
presence of sunlight.
2AI(G)+ 3ZnCl2(ag)
2AgCl(s) Sunlight () HO Aluminium does 2AlCl(g)+ 3Zn(s) (1)
(Decomposition)2Ag(s)+ Cl2(g) not react with
water
Silver (hot or cold). Therefore, water can be
(Grey) kept in
aluminium containe. Aluminium is attacked
(1%) steam to form aluminium
oxide and
by
5 You are
provided with two hydrogen.
containers 2AI)+3HOg) AlOlg)+ 3H28)
up of copper and aluminium. You made
provided with solutions of dil. HCI, also
are
dil. 6 () A student mixes sodium sulphate
HNO3, ZnCl2 and H2O. In which of the powder in barium chloride. What
above containers, these change would the student observe on
solutions can
be kept? mixing the two
NCERT Exemplar powder. Justify your
answer and
Sol. The container made up of copper or explain how he can obtaned
aluminium is the desired change?
suitable for storing these solutions.
i) (a) Arrange the following metals in the
This can be decided by studying their reactions with
Cu and Al (which also
increasing order reactivities.
depend on the respective Copper, zinc, aluminium and iron.
position in activity series).
(b) List two observations you would
() Reactions of copper with
record in your 30 minutes after
(a) Dil. HCI Cu+HC N o reaction, adding iron filings to copper
(Dil.)
sulphate solution. CBSE 2019
So, it can be stored in Cu container.
(1/2) Sol. () When the student mixes sodium
(6) Dil. sulphate
HNO, Being strong oxidising agent,
a powder in barium chloride in a dry state, no
dil. HNO% reacts wich copper, so it cannot be change would be observed. But when he
stored in copper container. (1/2) dissolved them in water, barium sulphate
precipitates out and sodium chloride remains in
(c)ZnCl2 Copper is less reactive than zinc, so it solution. This is called a double displacement
does not react with ZnCl2 solution. Therefore, reaction.
it can be stored in copper container. (1/2) Refer to text on page 6 (Double displacemen=
(d) HO Copper does not react with water. So, its reaction) (3
in (a) Copper « iron « zinc < aluminium
container can be used to store HO. (1/2)
(b) Refer to NCERT Folder page 8, Q-6.
CHAPTER EXERCISE
Objective Type Questions (1 Mark each) Fill in the Blanks
6 The chemicaltornula ot
slakesl line i
Multiple Type Questions terrous sulphate ystal tc..
7 The colour ot e eA
In which of the
following chemical cquations, the
abbreviations represent the correct states of the
reactants and products involved at reaction True and False
temperature? anunonium chloride lu
NCERT Exemplar 8 On adding
tube becones watm
(a) 2H2)+ O,) 2HO9) hydroxide, boiling
(b) 2H2(9) + O,) 2HO) The white precipitate ot HaS), is lorme
(c) 2H2(g) + O29) 9 by
2HO(D and Bad,
(d) 2H219) + O2(9) 2HO(9) reaction of SO
2 Which of the following is not a combination reaction? 10 Combustion can takes place even without oXygen

(a) Reaction of hydrogen with nitrogen

(b) Reaction of quicklime with water Match the Columns
(c) Combustion of magnesium in air
11 Match the following Columns.
(d) Heating of limestone
Column Column
3 Which among the following is getting reduced in the (Reaction) (Gas evovad)
following reaction: treated withh P. O,
A. Zinc granules are

Fe0, +3CO 2 Fe+3CO2 dilute HS0

(a) Co (b) Fe (
(c) CO2 Fep, B. Calcium carbonate on reaction Q CO
with HCI.
4 The following reaction is used for the preparation of
NCERT Exemplar C. Lead nitrate is heated strongly in R. H
oxygen gas in the laboratory
a hard glass test tube

2KClo,)
Heat
2KCl ()+ 30,(8) D. Decomposition of KCIO, NO
Catalyst
Which of the following statements is/are correct Assertion-Reason
about the reaction? Direction (Q. Nos. 12-13) In euch of thefollowing a
reaction and endothermic in a statement of Assertion is given by the corre
(a) It is a decomposition
nature. statement of Reason. Of the statements, mark th
(b) It is a combination reaction. answer as.

(c) It is a decomposition reaction and accompanied by (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and
release of heat. Reason is the correct explanation of Ass
It is a photochemical decomposition reaction (b) Both and Reason are true,
(d)
and exothermic in nature.
Assertion
Reason is not the correct explanation o
bu
In the double displacement eaction between Assertion.
5
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false
aqueous potassium iodide and aqueous lead nitrate, a
yellow precipitate of lead iodide is formed. While (d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true
performing the activity if lead nitrate is not available, 12 Assertion The following chemical equ
which of the following can be used in place of lead example of thermal decomposition react
nitrate? NCERT Exemplar
Heat
(a)Lead sulphate (insoluble) 2KCIO,() 2KCl)+ 30
8) Lead acetate 2KCIO,S)atalyst
(c) Ammonium nitrate Reason Heat gets released in the d
(d) Potassium sulphate reactions.
 Ama0R
Allinone Chemical Reactions and Equations
25
13 Assertion 2Na +H1,
2NaH
In the above chemical Direction (Q. Nos.
oxidised and H, is getting equal, sodium is getting
reduced. basis of 18-21) Answer
your understanding of the
the
questions on the
Reason The table and related following passage,
and reduction chemical
reaction in which studied concepts:
take oxidation Themethod used for
redox rcactions. place simultaneously, are called balancing chemical equation is
called hit and trial method.
of atoms of In this method, the
each elements remaine the number
Passage Based Questions and after a chemical same, before
reaction.
Direction (Q.Nos. 14-17) Zn metal reacts with
Answer the questions
your understanding of the Jouowng
on the basis
of and hydrogen gas.
dilute sulphuric acid to form '>
passage and related studied Count the number of atoms of
concepts: all the elements in the
Rancid fats are formed in human diet in reactants and products
places such cooking
separately
ails and fats, deep fried foods and some ethnic
as

foods that are Elements

purposely made rancid.
However,
any fat, given the right
Inreactant In Product

conditions and amount time, can go rancid. It

ot
means that
Zn
any food containing fat can become rancid. H 2
For instance, India, 1992, a grouP of 45 children were S
ospitalised with vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhoea, O
hich prompted an investigation. The investigation turned up
total of 71 children and 9 adults who were affected
ancid cream-filled biscuits which the children had found eating
by
in the 18 Identify the X. nl 3uiph ate LCu
reet and shared with their families. Most children ate 0.5 to 2 19 Writet ebalanced chemical equation when Zn metal
scuits and were discharged trom the hospitals within 24 react with dil H,SO 4 h , SOu
burs, one girl ate 12 biscuits and remained in the hospital for 7
20 Name the type of reaction occur when Zn metal react
ys. All the hospitalised children were treated successfully and with dil.
researchers decidedd that the cause of illness was the H,SO4 D AUD T
dative rancidity of the cream inside the biscuits presence of 21 Balance the given reaction:
ioxidants is an antidote for rancidity. BaCl,(aq) + Na ,SO (aq)> BasO,s)+NaCl

Some food items are given below:

Potato wafers. Very Short Answer VSA) Type Questions
II. Dark green vegetables. 22 What is breaking and making of bonds in chemical
I . Biscuits (butter) reaction called? Chemmí ca,bCmYaCBSE20o9
W Fried peanuts. 23
0d
Which product is fornmed when carbon dioxide and
Which of these become oxidised and inedible if water react in the same ratio?
placed for a few hours in open?
24 Nickel (II) nitrate is prepared by heating nickel metal
(a) I, II, III (b) III and IV with liquid dinitrogen tetraoxide. In addition to the
) I, III, IV (d) All of these nitrate, gaseous nitrogen monoxide is formed. Write

Here are some steps that you can do to protect the balanced equation.
the effect of rancid fats. 25 Which kind of chemical reaction takes place
yourself from
when electric is passed through fused lead
I. Avoid fat or fat containing products that
have a current

rancid or stale smell. bromide? ioiurite

Store oils and fats
correctly. black coating. Name the
I1. 26 Silver article gets
foods such as
I . Consume antioxidants containing phenomenon.
dark green vegetables.
AnswersS
The correct things are 4. (a) 5. (a)
1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (d)
II and III (b) II and III
(a) 1, 7. Green 8. False
6. Ca (OH)2
(c) Only II J) All of these
9. True 10. False
and tasteless when
Why does fresh food become stale 11. A> R, B>Q, C>S, D - P
exposed to air? 15. (d)
13. 14. (c)
(b)
food stuffs
12. (c)
What role does refrigerator play in keeping
fresh?
 Allinone ience Close
oss
26

reactions:
[3Marks
in the following
Questions

Short Answer
(SA) Type as reactant and product
components/variables
given
the missing
27 Complcte
+BaSO,,,
(i) BaCl, + 'X A1
Cu(NO ), + 'Y
(i1) Cu+
AgNO,
CaO+ CO, monoxide. Write
a balanced chemical.
(i)

28 Zincoxide
CaCO,

reacts with carbon, heating

on to form zinc
metal and carbon

reducing agent
in this
reaction. equatinn
Name (7) oxidising agent (ii) Solutions

29
reaction.
for this

Iron fillings
a r e put in
different test tubes A, B, C, and
D containing

observed?
ZnSO4,CuSO4,Al2(SO4)3CaCl
pectivey
resne

test-tubes will change be

In which of the following

nO+C n t CO

vid8In
-Alp(SOA)a CaCl2
CusO4
ZnSO solution
solution solution
solution

C D
B

Iron fillings
S Marks ea-
Questions
Long Answer LA) Type has taken place?
a chemical reaction
demonstrate how do we know that
30 With the help of an activity,
a colourless
and odourless
X on reaction with
dilute hydrochloric acid released
31 A water insoluble substance
effervescence.
accompanied by brisk red.
the solution obtained turns blue litmus
When the gas passed through water,
milkiness disappeared when the gas was p
it initially became milky and
On bubbling the gas through lime water, reaction involved.
Write the chemical equation of the
in excess. Identify the substance X.

RELATED ONLINE VIDEOS

Visit https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eJXLOIrbtqE
Visit https://youtu.be/92ddBP6tPTw
OR Scan the Code
OR Scan the Code
 Challengers 1 Which
(a)
onc of the tollowing involve
Evaporation of water
a chemical reaction?
6Following reaction is used
gas in the laboratory
for the preparation of oxyzen
(b) Storing of nitrogen gas under pressure
tear

(c) Kceping petrol in a China dish in open 2KCIO,s)CAalyst2KCIs)+30,9)

dHeating magnesium wire in the presence of air at Which of the following statement(s) is (are) correct
high temperaturec about the reaction?
a ) Itis a decomposition reaction and endothermic in
2 Ethane (C,H)on complete combustion gave CO, and
water. It shows that the results are in accordance with nature.

the law of conservation ot mass. Then, the coefficient of (b) It is a combination reaction.
oxygen is cqual to (c) It is a decomposition reaction and accompanied by
the release of heat.
(a) 3 (b) 5/2 (d) It is a photochemical decomposition reaction and
(c) 2 (d) 7/2 exothermic in nature.

3 A powdered salt (X) in a dry test tube was heated that 7 A metal 'M reacts with an acid according to the
evolves brown fumes of nitrogen dioxide and a yellow equation.
residue of lead oxide is also formed. The salt (X) is M+H M * +H2

(a) MgCOg 6) Pb(NO,)2 Which of the following is correct for metal M?

(c) (NH4)2SO4 (d) CaCO (a) Calcium (b) Aluminium

(c) Barium (d) Potassium

4 Areddish brown coloured metal used in electric wires,
when powdered and heated strongly in an open China dish, 8 Which among the following statement(s) is/are true?
over this
its colour turns black. When hydrogen gas passed
is Exposure of silver chloride to sunlight for a long
colour. Based on this
black substances, it regain its original duration turns grey due to NCERT Exen
coloured substances are
information, the metal and black
(i) the formation of silver by decomposition of silve
nitrate
(a) copper and copper chloride.

(b) silver and silver oxide (ii) sublimation of silver chloride.

K)copper and copper oxide (ii) evolution of chlorine gas from silver chloride.
aluminium and aluminium oxide (iv) oxidation of silver chloride.
(d)
(b) (i) and (ii)
sulphuric acid is added to pieces
of iron (a) (i) only
5 When dilute
is produced and soluble (c) (i) and (ii) (d) (iv) only
sulphide, hydrogen sulphide gas
ferrous sulphate is formed.
The type of chemical reaction
Answer Key
involved is
3. (b)4. (c)
(a) decomposition reaction
1.(d) 2. (c)
6. (a) 7. ()8. (a)
( b ) combination reaction

) displacement reaction

(d) double displacement reaction

additional practice
have been given just for
asked in the examination,
or may not be
sequestions may