Stat 1x1 Final Exam Review Questions (Units 9, 10, 11)

1. TRUE or FALSE: Decreasing your sample size will lead to more sampling variability in a sample proportion.

2. TRUE or FALSE: Increasing your sample size, all else the same, will result in a smaller margin of error.

3. TRUE OR FALSE: If you want to decrease sampling variability by half in estimating a population proportion,
you will need to collect 4 times as many observations.

4. TRUE or FALSE: When describing an estimate, one with more sampling variability is considered more
accurate.

5. In estimating the difference between the proportions of males and females who admit to texting while
driving, you have computed a 95% confidence interval to be (–0.02, 0.06).
TRUE or FALSE: At a significance level of 0.05 you would reject the null hypothesis of no difference.

6. In estimating the difference between the proportions of males and females who admit to texting while
driving, you have computed a 99% confidence interval to be (-0.10, -0.04).
TRUE or FALSE: At a significance level of 0.01 you would reject the null hypothesis of no difference.

7. Suppose a 90% confidence interval for the population proportion of UofA students who think they ate too
much candy over the past three days is found to be (0.64,0.74).
TRUE or FALSE: There is 90% chance the population proportion is between 0.64 and 0.74.

8. Do over 50% of UofA students spend more time studying than they do sleeping? The results of a hypothesis
test for this question resulted in a p-value of 0.065.
TRUE or FALSE: A 90% confidence interval for the proportion in question will include the hypothesized value
of 0.50.

9. TRUE OR FALSE: If S.E.( pˆ1 − pˆ 2 ) = 0.024, then S.E.( pˆ 2 − pˆ1 ) = –0.024.

10. TRUE or FALSE: When the p-value is less than the significance level we have proven the null hypothesis is
false.

11. TRUE or FALSE: When the p-value is larger than the significance level we reject the alternative hypothesis in
favour of the null hypothesis.

12. TRUE or FALSE: Hypothesis tests are carried out assuming the alternative hypothesis is true.

13. A test for H0: p = 0.40 vs. HA: p > 0.40 resulted in a test statistic of -1.23.
TRUE or FALSE: The p-value of the test is larger than 0.5.

14. Do over 50% of UofA students spend more time studying than they do sleeping? The results of a hypothesis
test for this question resulted in a p-value of 0.035.
TRUE or FALSE: With a p-value of 0.035 we can conclude there is a probability of 0.035 that 50% UofA
students spend more time studying than they do sleeping

15. Consider the following test: H0: p = 0.80 vs. HA: p ≠ 0.80.
TRUE or FALSE: According to the success/failure condition the minimum sample size requirement is 50
observations.
16. A poll reported that 30% of 60 Canadians between the ages of 25 and 29 (population 1) had started saving
money for retirement. Of the 40 Canadians surveyed between the ages of 21 and 24 (population 2), 25% had
started saving for retirement. What are the null and alternative hypothesis to test whether there is any
difference between the proportions of Canadians between the ages of 25 and 29 and the ages of 21 and 24
who had started saving for retirement?
a. H0: p1 – p2 = 0 HA: p1 – p2 ≠ 0
b. H0: p1 – p2 ≠ 0 HA: p1 – p2 = 0
c. H0: p1 – p2 = 0 HA: p1 – p2 > 0
d. H0: p1 – p2 = 0 HA: p1 – p2 < 0
e. H0: p1 – p2 > 0 HA: p1 – p2 ≠ 0

17. The President of Acountry is concerned about the percentage of Acountrians who express approval for a
political rival. Their political team pays for a negative newspaper ad, hoping that it will decrease their
opponent’s approval rating to below 45%. They will use a follow-up poll to assess the ad's effectiveness.
What are the null and alternative hypotheses?
a. H0: p > 0.45 vs. HA: p < 0.45
b. H0: p = 0.45 vs. HA: p ≠ 0.45
c. H0: p < 0.45 vs. HA: p = 0.45
d. H0: p = 0.45 vs. HA: p > 0.45
e. H0: p = 0.45 vs. HA: p < 0.45

18. Supposed a 95% confidence interval for population proportion p turns out to be (0.79. 0.91). From this
interval, which of the following is true?
a. In repeated sampling, if a 95% confidence interval was constructed from each sample, approximately
95% of the intervals will contain the sample proportion.
b. The margin of error is 0.12.
c. There is a 95% chance that the population proportion is between 0.79 and 0.91.
d. In repeated sampling, if a 95% confidence interval was constructed from each sample, approximately
95% of the intervals will contain the population proportion.
e. The standard error for the sample proportion is 0.06.

19. Supposed a 90% confidence interval for population proportion p turns out to be 0.84 ± 0.08, or equivalently
(0.76, 0.92). From this interval, which of the following is a VALID conclusion?
a. The probability the population proportion is within this interval is 0.90.
b. In repeated sampling, if 90% confidence intervals were constructed using these samples,
approximately 90% of the intervals will contain the sample proportion.
c. The population proportion is surely between 0.76 and 0.92.
d. In repeated sampling, if 90% confidence intervals were constructed using these samples, exactly 90%
of the intervals will contain the population proportion.
e. In repeated sampling, if 90% confidence intervals were constructed using these samples,
approximately 90% of the intervals will contain the population proportion.

20. In a survey of statistics 151 students, 72% said they can’t wait to learn about Chi-Square Tests next week.
The margin of error for a 90% confidence interval is found to be about 0.025. If we want to increase our
confidence level to 99%, how will the margin of error change?
a. Since more confidence requires a wider interval, the margin of error will be larger.
b. Since more confidence requires a wider interval, the margin of error will be smaller.
c. Since more confidence requires a narrower interval, the margin of error will be larger.
d. Since more confidence requires a narrower interval, the margin of error will be smaller.
e. There is not enough information to determine the effect on the margin of error.
21. A study is conducted to compare the percentage of males and females who favour increased security at
airports. If they carried out the test to determine if the percentage for males is larger than the percentage
for females, which scenario below describes a type I error?
a. Concluding there is no difference between the proportions when there is some difference.
b. Concluding the proportion for males is less than the proportion for females when the proportions
are equal.
c. Concluding the proportion for males is larger than the proportion for females when the proportion
for males is not larger than the proportion for females.
d. Concluding there is no difference between the proportions when the proportion for males is larger
than females.
e. Concluding the proportions are different when they are the same.

22. A study is conducted to compare the percentage of males and females who favour increased security at
airports. If they carried out the test to determine if the percentage for males is larger than the percentage
for females, which scenario below describes a type II error?
a. Failing to conclude the proportions are different when the proportions are different.
b. Concluding the proportion for males is less than the proportion for females when the proportions
are equal.
c. Concluding the proportion for males is larger than the proportion for females when the proportions
are equal.
d. Failing to conclude the proportion for males is larger than for females when the proportion for males
is larger than females.
e. Concluding the proportions are different when they are the same.

23. Consider a 95% confidence interval for a population proportion p. If the value of p0 falls outside of the
confidence interval, which of the following statements is definitely true?
a. We reject H0: p = p0 versus HA: p ≠ p0 at the 5% level of significance.
b. We fail to reject H0: p = p0 versus HA: p ≠ p0 at the 5% level of significance.
c. We reject H0: p = p0 versus HA: p > p0 at the 2.5% level of significance.
d. We fail to reject H0: p = p0 versus HA: p > p0 at the 2.5% level of significance.
e. Both options (a) and (c) are correct.

24. A poll reported that 40% men surveyed were in favour of increased security at airports, while 30% of women
surveyed were in favour of increased security. The p-value for this test for any difference is 0.036. Just based
on the p-value and the test question, what can you best conclude about a confidence interval for
the difference in proportions?
a. A 95% confidence interval will not include 0.35.
b. A 99% confidence interval will not include 0.
c. A 95% confidence interval will include 0.
d. A 90% confidence interval will include 0.
e. A 98% confidence interval will include 0.

25. A 95% confidence interval for the difference in failure rates between male and female students (male-
female) does not include 0. Do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that the two failure rates are
different? From the information given, what can you definitely conclude about the test?
a. We can reject the null hypothesis  = 0.05 and at  = 0.025.
b. We can reject the null hypothesis  = 0.05 but fail to reject the null hypothesis at t  = 0.025.
c. We fail to reject the null hypothesis  = 0.05 and at  = 0.025.
d. We can reject the null hypothesis  = 0.10 and at  = 0.05.
e. We can reject the null hypothesis  = 0.10 but fail to reject the null hypothesis at t  = 0.05.
26. A poll reported that 41% men surveyed were in favour of increased security at airports, while 25% of women
surveyed were in favour of increased security. The p-value for this test for any difference is 0.009. Just based
on the p-value and the test question, what can you best conclude about a confidence interval for the true
proportion?
a. A 99.5% confidence interval will include 0.
b. A 99% confidence interval will include 0.
c. A 99% confidence interval will include 0.41.
d. A 99.5% confidence interval will not include 0.
e. A98% confidence interval will include 0.

27. In estimating the difference between the proportions of males and females who admit to texting while
driving, you have computed a 99% confidence interval to be (0.04, 0.16). What can you best conclude about
a test for any difference between the two proportions?
a. The difference in sample proportions is 0.10 and you can reject the null hypothesis of no difference
at a significance level of 0.05.
b. The difference in sample proportions is 0.06 and you can reject the null hypothesis of no difference
at a significance level of 0.05.
c. The difference in sample proportions is 0.10 and you fail to reject the null hypothesis of no
difference at a significance level of 0.01.
d. The difference in sample proportions is 0.06 and you fail to reject the null hypothesis of no
difference at a significance level of 0.05.
e. The difference in sample proportions is 0.06 and you can reject the null hypothesis of no difference
at a significance level of 0.01.

28. A random sample of 1200 residents of Adanac found that 300 support a moderate tax hike if the revenue is
put into Education. A confidence interval for the true proportion of residents from this area who support the
tax hike is (0.23, 0.27). What critical value was used to calculate this interval?
a. 1.60
b. 1.75
c. 1.96
d. 0.63
e. 1.25

29. In a recent poll (a while ago) of 1500 adult Americans it is estimated President Trump’s Job Approval Rating is
42%. Consider a 95% confidence interval for the Presidents actual Job Approval Rating. What is the margin of
error?
a. 0.021
b. 0.025
c. 0.032
d. 0.050
e. 0.095

30. A poll of 500 home sellers found that 33% were trying to sell their home without a real estate agent. The
margin of error for this poll was about 3.68%. Find the confidence level used by the pollsters.
a. 99%
b. 98%
c. 96%
d. 95%
e. 92%
31. A manufacturer wishes to estimate, with 95% confidence, the proportion of goalie pads leaving the factory
that are defective. They have calculated that a sample size of 81 is necessary to achieve their desired margin
of error. What is their desired margin of error? Use the most conservative estimate for p if needed.
a. 0.0121
b. 0.0544
c. 0.0914
d. 0.1089
e. 0.2178

32. A national Canadian real estate agency wants to estimate the proportion of Americans who will move to
Canada in 2017. How large of a sample size do they need so their margin of error is at most 3 percentage
points with a 97% confidence level? Use the most conservative estimate for p.
a. 2017
b. 2617
c. 982
d. 1068
e. 1309

33. Of 100 adults selected randomly from one town, 60 have health insurance. Construct a 99% confidence
interval for the percentage of all adults in the town who have health insurance.
a. (0.504, 0.696)
b. (0.474, 0.726)
c. (0.594, 0.606)
d. (0.446, 0.755)
e. (0.486, 0.714)

34. If a 95% confidence interval for the difference between two sample proportions is (0.345, 0.789), what is the
98% confidence interval?
a. (0.304, 0.830)
b. (0.381, 0.753)
c. (0.367, 0.767)
d. (0.275, 0.859)
e. (0.253, 0.881)

35. A university program found it retained 283 students out of 350 in 2014 and 301 students out of 350 in 2015.
Which of the following is true when testing to see if there has been an increase in the retention rates from
2014 to 2015 at a significance level of 0.01? Note: For the test, the standard error of the difference in sample
proportions is about 0.0281.
a. P-value = 0.0336; Reject the null hypotheses.
b. P-value = 0.9664; Fail to reject the null hypothesis.
c. P-value = 0.0672; Reject the null hypothesis.
d. P-value = 0.0336; Fail to reject the null hypothesis.
e. P-value = 0.0672; Fail to reject the null hypothesis.
36. Based on a sample of n = 80, a 95% confidence interval for the proportion of Stat 151 students with brown
hair is given to be (0.20, 0.40). Do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude the true proportion of
Stat 151 students with brown hair is more than 0.25? In carrying out a hypothesis test to answer this
question, what is the test-statistic?
a. 1.96
b. 0.98
c. 5.17
d. 1.03
e. 1.79

37. A researcher finds that, of 250 people who said that they attend a religious service at least once a month, 40
stopped to help a person with car trouble. Of 300 people who interviewed who do not attend a religious
service at least once a month, 30 stopped to help a person with car trouble. Calculate the margin of error for
a 95% confidence interval for the difference in the proportion of people who stop to help a person with car
trouble for those who attend a religious service at least once a month vs. those who do not.
0.40(1 − 0.40) 0.30(1 − 0.30)
1.96 +
a. 250 300
 70  480  1 1 
b. 1.645    + 
 550  550  250 300 
 70  480  1 1 
c. 1.96    + 
 550  550  250 300 
0.16(1 − 0.16) 0.10(1 − 0.90)
d. 1.645 +
250 300
0.16(1 − 0.16) 0.10(1 − 0.90)
e. 1.96 +
250 300

38. A random sample of 800 graduate students shows that 220 of them have bought merchandise online. Is
there enough evidence to conclude the percentage of graduate students who buy merchandise online is not
30%? If the test statistic is -1.54, what are the P-value and the appropriate conclusion at the 10% level of
significance?
a. P-value = 0.0618; there is enough evidence to conclude the percentage of graduate students who
buy merchandise online is not 30%.
b. P-value = 0.0618; there is not enough evidence to conclude the percentage of graduate students
who buy merchandise online is not 30%.
c. P-value = 0.1236; there is not enough evidence to conclude the percentage of graduate students
who buy merchandise online is not 30%.
d. P-value = 0.1236; there is enough evidence to conclude the percentage of graduate students who
buy merchandise online is not 30%.
e. P-value = 0.1236; there is enough evidence to conclude the percentage of graduate students who
buy merchandise online is 30%.
39. Is there enough evidence to conclude that the true proportion of Canadians who support the conservative
party of Canada is greater in Edmonton than in Thunder Bay? A researcher obtained independent random
samples from the two cities and the value of the test statistic was 2.59. Find the P-value for the hypothesis
test and give an interpretation of the P-value.
a. P-value = 0.0048; if there is no difference in the proportions, there is about a 0.48% chance of seeing
the observed difference or larger by natural sampling variation.
b. P-value = 0.0096; if there is no difference in the proportions, there is a 0.96% chance of seeing the
observed difference or larger by natural sampling variation.
c. P-value = 0.0096; there is about a 0.96% chance that the two proportions are equal.
d. P-value = 0.9308; there is about a 93.08% chance that the two proportions are equal.
e. P-value = 0.0048; there is about a 0.48% chance that the two proportions are equal.

40. A marketing research company reported that 60% of online searches in March 2015 used Google as the
search engine. A network administrator at a particular company is interested in whether the percentage of
searches that use Google is different in his company. He samples 150 searches and estimates that 70% of
searches from his company used Google. Can he conclude that the percentage of searches in his company
differs from 60%? In performing this statistical test, where would the P-value be?
a. Less than 0.005
b. Between 0.005 and 0.01
c. Between 0.01 and 0.025
d. Between 0.025 and 0.05
e. Greater than 0.05

41. Historically, the three most popular home improvement projects are interior decorating, landscaping, and
expansion (respectively). A random sample of homeowners and condominium owners was asked whether
they planned any landscaping within the next year. The data are given in the following table.
Residence Sample size Number who are Planning to landscape
Homeowner 260 91
Condominium owner 300 60
Are the population proportion of people who are planning to landscape any difference for homeowners and
condominium owners? What is the test-statistic for this test?
0.15
a.
0.35(1 − 0.35) 0.20(1 − 0.20)
+
260 300
0.15
b.
 151  409  1 1 
 560  560  260 + 300 
   
0.15
c.
0.35(1 − 0.35) + 0.20(1 − 0.20)
560
0.2696
d.
 151  409  1 1 
 560  560  260 + 300 
   
0.15
e.
 151  409  1 
 560  560  560 
   
42. In a series of games, the total number of goals a particular hockey team has scored per 20-minute period
(excluding overtime/shootouts) is given in the table below:
Period 1 2 3 Total
Goals Scored 100 80 70 250

Does this team score less than a third of their goals in the second period? In carrying out a hypothesis test to
answer this question, what is the absolute value of the test-statistic?
a. 10.850
b. 0.447
c. 1.960
d. 15.319
e. 2.712