Skytrax

2019 Best Airlines in the World

1.  Qatar Airways
2.  Singapore Airlines
3.  ANA All Nippon Airways
4.  Cathay Pacific Airways
5.  Emirates
6.  EVA Air
7.  Hainan Airlines
8.  Qantas Airways
9.  Luthansa
10.  Thai Airways
2019 World's Most Improved Airlines

1. Philippine Airlines
2. British Airways]
3. Malaysia Airlines
4. Fiji Airways
5. Royal Brunei Airlines
6. Gulf Air
7. United Airlines
8. Air Mauritius
9. LEVEL
10. Spirit Airlines
The World's Top 10 Airports of 2019

1.  Singapore Changi Airport

2. Tokyo Haneda International Airport
3. Incheon International Airport
4. Hamad International Airport
5. Hong Kong International Airport
6. Chubu Centrair International Airport
7. Munich Airport
8. London Heathrow Airport
9. Narita International Airport
10. Zurich Airport

Question 1
 Qatar Airways _____
Response: QR
Correct answer: QR
Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 2
 Thai Airways _____
Response: TG
Correct answer: TG
Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 3
 Qantas Airlines _____
Response: QF
Correct answer: QF
Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 4
 Singapore Airlines _____
Response: SQ
Correct answer: SQ
Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 5
 EVA Air _____
Response: BR
Correct answer: BR
Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 6
 Lufthansa _____
Response: LH
Correct answer: LH
Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 7
 Emirates _____
Response: EK
Correct answer: EK
Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 8
 Cathay Pacific _____
Response: CX
Correct answer: CX
Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 9
 ANA All Nippon Airways _____
Response: NH
Correct answer: NH
Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 10
 Hainan Airlines _____
Response: HU
Correct answer: HU
Score: 1 out of 1 

Airline Industry
The airline industry encompasses a wide range of businesses called airlines, which
offer transport services for paying customers or business partners.  These air transport
services are provided  for both human travelers and cargo, and are most commonly
offered via jets, although some airlines also use helicopters.
Airlines may offer scheduled and/or chartered services and the airline industry forms a
key part of the wider travel industry, providing customers with the ability to purchase
seats on flights and travel to different parts of the world.  The airline industry offers a
variety of career paths, including pilots, flight attendants and ground crew.
 
AIRLINE INDUSTRY AND AVIATION INDUSTRY
The airline industry can be classed as just one sector of the wider aviation industry.  In
addition to this sector, aviation companies would also include businesses like aircraft
manufacturers, companies offering non-commercial flights, aerospace companies,
regulation authorities and those involved with research.
TYPES OF AIRLINES
International Airlines
International airlines are a group of the largest, most high-profile and most successful
airlines.  They make billions of revenue each year and operate large passenger jets.
These airlines also tend to focus their efforts on offering global services, carrying
passengers and cargo over large distances.  International airlines usually employ tens
of thousands of people, often have multiple hubs and will provide access to hundreds of
destinations.
National Airlines
National airlines represents the next step down from the largest international airlines.
They will typically offer both medium-sized and large-sized jets and will often focus on
offering services to areas within their home country, but many will offer access to
international destinations too.
Regional Airlines
Regional airlines focus on offering services within specific regions.  In many cases, they
provide passenger services to parts of the world with lower levels of demand and where
services are not offered by either national or international airlines.  Some regional
airlines also function as an affiliate for a national or international airline.  Within this they
will typically provide connection flights from the region they cover to the airline's main
hubs.
7 Biggest Airline Companies in the World

1.  American Airlines (AA)

2.  Delta (DL)
3.  United (UA)
4.  Emirates (EK)
5.  Southwest (WN)
6.  China Southern (CZ)
7. RyanAir (FR) 
Business Models for Airlines

1.  Full-Service Carriers - airlines that operate with a business model that includes
offering a range of pre-flight and on-board services with he price of the ticket.
This may include checked baggage, in-flight meals and multiple service classes,
such as first class, business class, economy class.
2.  Low-Cost Carriers - airlines that aim to gain a competitive advantage over full-
service carriers by reducing costs.  This is done in a number of ways, including
using smaller fleets and smaller aircraft, and also by offering more limited
services.
3.  Charter Airlines - middle ground between full service  and low-cost carriers.  In
most cases, however, they do not sell airline tickets directly.  Instead, they will
enter into agreements with tour operators and/or travel agencies, who then take
responsibility for finding passengers for them
4.  Cargo Airlines - are either solely or primarily focused on the
air transportation cargo or freight.
5. ACCESS.          The capacity to entering exit a transport system.  It is an
absolute term implying that a location has access or does not.
6. ACCESSIBILITY.          The measure of the capacity of a location to be reached
by, or to reach different locations.  The capacity and the structure of transport
infrastructure are key elements in the determination of accessibility.
7. AIR CARGO.          Total volume of freight , mail, and express traffic transported
by air, includes freight and express cargo such as small package services,
express services , and priority reserved freight.
8. AIR CARRIER.          Commercial system of air transportation, consisting of
domestic and international scheduled and charter service.
9. AIR SPACE.          The segment of the atmosphere that is under the jurisdiction
of a nation or under an international agreement for its use.  They include two
major components, one being land-based (takeoffs and landings) and the other
air-based, mainly composed of air corridors.  These corridors can cover altitudes
up to 22,500 meters.  Most commercial air transport services are limited to the
use of predetermined corridors.
10. AIR TRANSPORTATION.          Includes companies that provide domestic and
international passenger and freight services, and companies that operate airports
and provide terminal facilities.
11. AIRPORT.          An area of land or water that is used or intended to be used for
the landing and takeoff of aircraft, and includes its buildings and facilities, if any.
Usually consists of hard-surfaced landing strips, a control tower, hangars and
accommodations for passengers and cargo.
12. ALTERNATIVE FUELS.          Low-polluting fuels which are used to propel a
vehicle instead of high-sulfur diesel or gasoline.  Include methanol, ethanol,
propane or compressed natural gas, liquid natural gas , low-sulfur or "clean"
diesel and electricity.
13. AMTRAK.          Operated by the National Railroad Passenger Corporation of
Washington D.C.   This rail system was created in 1970 and was given the
responsibility for the operation of intercity, as distinct from suburban, passenger
trains between points designated by the Secretary of Transportation.
14. AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM (AIS).  Transponders on shipping
vessels that rely on radio signals to broadcast attributes such as position, ship
number, heading and speed.
15. AVERAGE VEHICLE OCCUPANCY (AVO).          The number of people
traveling by private passenger vehicles divided by the number of vehicles used.
16. AVERAGE VEHICLE RIDERSHIP (AVR).          The ration of all people traveling
by any mode, including, cars, buses, trains and bicycles (or telecommuting), in a
given area during a given time period to the number of cars on the road.  A key
measure of the efficiency and effectiveness of a transportation network - the
higher the AVR, the lower the level of energy consumption and air pollution.
17. BACKHAUL.          Traffic for the return movement of a car or container towards
the point where the initial load originated or to handle a shipment in the direction
of the light flow of traffic.
18. BARGE.          A non-motorized water vessel, usually flat-bottomed and towed or
pushed by other craft, used for transporting freight.  Dominantly used on river
systems.
19. BASE PERIOD.  The period between the morning and evening peak periods
when transit service is generally scheduled at a constant interval.  Also known as
"off peak period".  The time of day during which vehicle requirements and
schedules are not influenced by peak-period passenger volume demands.  At
this time, transit riding is fairly constant and usually low to moderate in volume
when compared with peak=period travel.
20. BASE PERIOD.  The price charged to one adult for one transit ride; excludes
transfer charge, zone charges, express service charges, peak period surcharges,
and reduced fares.
21. BERTH.          A specific segment of the wharfage where a ship ties up alongside
at a pier, quay, wharf, or other structure that provide a breasting surface for the
vessel.  Typically, this structure is a stationary extension an improved shore and
intended to facilitate the transfer of cargo and passengers
22. BLOCK HOUR.          The standard measure of aircraft utilization used by the
airline industry.  It is the time from the minute the aircraft door closes at the
departure of a revenue flight until the moment the aircraft door opens at the
arrival gate.
23. BUS (Motorbus).  Any of several types of self-propelled vehicles, generally
rubber-tired intended for use on city streets, highways, and busways, including
but not limited to minibuses, 40 and 30 foot buses, articulated buses, double-
deck buses, and electrically powered trolleybuses, used by public entities to
provide designated public transportation service and by private entities to provide
transportation service, including, but not limited to, specified public transportation
services.  Self-propelled rubber-tired vehicles designed to look like antique or
vintage trolleys are considered buses.
24. BUS TROLLEY.          An electric rubber-tired transit vehicle, manually stirred,
propelled by a motor drawing current through overhead wires from a central
power source not on board the vehicle.
25. CABLE CAR.          An electric railway operating in mixed street traffic with
unpowered, individually controlled transit vehicles propelled by moving cables
located below the street surface and powered by engines or motors at a central
location not on board the vehicle.
26. CABOTAGE.          Transport between two terminals (a terminal of loading and a
terminal of unloading) in the same country irrespective of the country in which the
mode providing the service is registered.  Cabotage is often subject to
restrictions and regulations where each nation reserves for its national carriers
the right to move domestic freight or passenger traffic.
27. CAPESIZE.          An ill-defined standard which has the common characteristic of
being incapable of using the Panama or Suez canals, not necessarily because of
their tonnage but because of their size.  These ships serve deepwater terminals
handling raw materials such as iron ore and coal.  As a result, "Capesize"
vessels transit via Cape Horn (South America) or Cape of Good Hope (South
Africa).  Their size ranges between 80,000 and 175,000 dwt (deadweight tons).
28. CARRIER.          The company moving the passengers or freight.  In the tourism
industry, the term carrier is used in place of the word airline.
29. CHARTER.          Originally, meant a flight where a shipper contracted hire of an
aircraft from an air carrier but has usually come to meaning non-scheduled
commercial service
30. CITY LOGISTICS.          The means over which freight distribution can take place
in urban areas as well as the strategies that can improve in overall efficiencies,
such as mitigating congestion and environmental externalities.
31. CLEAN AIR ACT.          Federal legislation that sets national air quality
standards.
32. COACH SERVICE.         Transport service established for the carriage of
passengers at special reduced passenger fares that are predicated on both the
operation of specifically designed aircraft space and a reduction in the quality of
service regularly and ordinarily provided.  It is also known as the economy class
of service in a passenger airline.
33. CODE-SHARING.          An arrangement where an airline places its own code to
another carrier's flight.  That airline that is operating the flight is called operating
carrier, and the airline that is marketing the flight is called the marketing carrier.
both carriers may sell tickets for the flight under their own brand.
34. COMMUTER BUS SERVICE.          Fixed route bus service, characterized by
service predominantly in one direction during peak periods, limited stops, use of
multi-ride tickets, and routes of extended length, usually between the central
business district and outlying suburbs.  Commuter bus service may also include
other services, characterized by a limited route structure, limited stops, and a
coordinated relationship to another mode of transportation.
35. COMMUTER RAIL.          Railroad local and regional passenger train operations
between a central city, its suburbs, and/or central city.  It may be either
locomotive-hauled or self-propelled and is characterized by multi-trip tickets,
specific station-to-station fares, railroad employment practices, and usually only
one or two stations in the central business district.  Also known as suburban rail.
36. CONFERENCE (LINER).  An association of ship owners operating in the same
trade route who operate under collective conditions such as tariff rates and
shared capacity.  They provide international liner cargo services on particular
routes within specified geographical areas.  Shipping lines have an agreement
within the framework of which they operate under uniform or common freight
rates and any other agreed conditions with respect to the provision of liner
services.
37. CONGESTION.          When the transport demand exceeds the transport supply
in a specific section of the transport system.  Under such circumstances, each
vehicle impairs the mobility of others.  Urban congestion mainly concerns two
domains of circulation, private and public, often sharing the same infrastructure.
38. DEADWEIGHT TONS.          The lifting capacity of a ship, including cargo, fuel,
ballast, and crew.  Reflects the weight difference between a fully loaded and an
unloaded ship.
39. DEMAND RESPONSIVE.          Non-fixed route service utilizing vans or buses
with passengers boarding and alighting at pre-arranged times at any location
within the system's  service area.  Also called "Dial-a-Ride".
40. DEMAND (TRANSPORT).          The expression the transport needs, even if
those needs are satisfied.  fully, partially or not at all.  Like the transport supply, it
is expressed in terms of the number of people, volume, or tons per unit of time
and  space. 
41. DEREGULATION.          Consists of a shift to a competitive economic climate by
reorienting and/or suppressing regulatory mechanisms.  Deregulation, however,
does not necessarily refer to the complete absence of free-market regulation
measures but rather to the promotion of competition-inducing ones (which can
seek elimination of monopolies, for example).  Particularly observed in the
transport and telecommunications sectors.
42. DOCK.          A feature built to handle ships.  It can also refer to an endorsed port
area used for maritime operations.
43. DOWNTIME.          A period during which a vehicle or a whole system is
inoperative because of repairs or maintenance.
44. FARE.          The price paid by the user of a transportation service at the moment
of use.
45. FARE ELASTICITY.          The extent to which ridership responds to fare
increases or decreases.
46. FARE STRUCTURE.          The system set up to determine how much is to paid
by previous passengers using a transit system at any given time.
47. FEEDER.         Short sea shipping service which connects at least two ports in
order for the freight (generally containers) to be consolidated or redistributed to
or from a deep-sea service in one of these ports.  By extension, this concept may
be used for inland transport services and air transportation.
48. FERRYBOAT.          A boat providing fixed-route service across a body of water,
which can be short or long distance.
49. FIXED ROUTE.          Service provided on a repetitive, fixed-schedule basis
along a specific route with vehicles stopping to pick up and deliver passengers or
freight to specific locations; each fixed route serves the same origins and
destinations, unlike demand responsive.  The terms apply to many modes of
transportation, including  public transit, air services, and maritime services.
50. FLAG STATE.          Country of registry of a seagoing vessel, which is subject to
the maritime regulations in respect of manning scales, safety standards and
consular representation abroad of its country of registration.
51. FLEET.          The vehicles in a transport system.  Usually "fleet" refers to
highway vehicles, rail vehicles as well as ships.
52. GATEWAY.          A location offering accessibility to a large system of circulation
of freight, passengers and/or information.  Gateways reap the advantage of a
favorable physical location such as highway junctions, the confluence of rivers,
seaboards, and have been the object of a significant accumulation of transport
infrastructure such as terminals and their links.  A gateway generally commands
the entrance to and the exit from its catchment area. In other words, it is a pivotal
point for the entrance and the exit of merchandise in a region, a country, or a
 continent.  Gateways tend to be locations where intermodal transfers are
performed.
53. GROSS REGISTER TONNAGE.          The total cargo space available for a ship
to carry commercial cargo.  It excludes non-cargo revenue space, such as the
engine room and stores.
54. HEAVY RAIL.          An electric railway of high capacity and characterized by
exclusive rights-of-way, multi-car trains, high speed and rapid acceleration,
sophisticated  signaling, and high platform loading.
55. HUB AND SPOKE.          A central point for the collection, sorting, transshipment,
and distribution of goods and passengers for a particular area.  This concept
comes from a term used in air transport for passengers as well as freight.  It
describes collection and distribution through a single point such as the "hub and
spoke" concept.  Hubs tend to be transmodal (transfers within the same mode)
locations.
56. INFRASTRUCTURE.          Capital goods which are not directly consumed and
serve as support to the functions of society (individuals and corporations).  1) In
transport systems, all the fixed components, such as rights-of-way, tracks, signal
equipment, terminals, parking lots, but stops, maintenance facilities, etc.  2).In
transportation planning, all the relevant elements of the environment in which a
transportation system operates.
57. INLAND PORT.          A rail or. barge terminal that is linked to a maritime terminal
with regular inland transport services.  An inland port has a level of integration
with the maritime terminal and supports more efficient access to the inland
market both for inbound and outbound traffic.  This implies an array of related
logistical activities linked with the terminal, such a s distribution centers, depots
for containers and chassis, warehouses and logistical service providers.
58. INTERMODAL TERMINAL.          A terminal that can accommodate several
modes of transportation.  they increasingly tend to be specializing at handling
specific types of passengers or freight traffic, while they may share the same
infrastructure. 
59. INTERMODAL TRANSPORT.         The movement of passengers or freight from
an origin to a destination relying on several modes of transportation.  Each
carrier is issuing its own ticket (passengers) or contract (freight).  The
movements from one mode of transport to another are commonly taking place at
a terminal specifically designed for such a purpose.  Therefore, intermodal
transportation in the literal sense refers to an exchange of passengers or freight
between two transportation modes, but the term has become more commonly
used for freight and container transportation across a sequence of modes.  
60. INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION (IATA).          Established in
1945, a trade association serving airlines, passengers, shippers, travel agents,
and governments.  The association promotes safety, standardization in forms
(baggage check, tickets, weigh bills), and aids in establishing international
airfares, International Air Transportation Association (IATA) headquarters are in
Geneva, Switzerland.
61. INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION (ICAO).          A specialized
agency of the United Nations whose objective is to develop the principles and
 techniques of international air navigation and to foster planning and development
of international civil air transport.  ICAO Regions include African Indian Ocean
Region  (AFI), Caribbean Region (CAR), European Region (EUR), Middle East/
Asia Region (MID/ASIA), North American Region (NAM), North Atlantic Region
(NAT), Pacific Region (PAC), South American Region (SAM).
62. INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION (IMO).          Established as a
specialized agency of the United Nations in 1948, the International Maritime
Organization facilitates cooperation on technical matters affecting merchant
shipping and traffic, including improved maritime safety and prevention of marine
pollution.  Headquarters are in London, England.
63. JET STREAM.          A migrating stream of high speed winds present at high
altitudes
64. JITNEY.          Privately-owned small or medium-sized vehicles usually operated
on a fixed route but not on a fixed schedule.
65. KNOT, NAUTICAL.          The unit of speed equivalent to one nautical mile:
6,080.20 feet per hour or 1.85 kilometers per hour.
66. LAYOVER TIME.          Time built into a schedule between arrival at the end of a
route and the departure for the return trip, used for the recovery of delays and
preparation for the return trip  (e.g. fueling, crew rotation).
67. LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT (LRT).          Fixed guideway transportation mode that
typically operates on city streets and draws its electric power from overhead
wires; includes streetcars, trolley cars and tramways.  Differs from heavy rail-
which has a separated right of way and includes commuter and intercity rail- in
that it has lighter passenger capacity per hour and more closely spaced stops.
68. LOAD FACTOR.         The ratio of passengers or freight carried versus the total
passenger or freight capacity of a vehicle or a route.
69. LOGISTICS.          A wide set of activities dedicated to the transformation and
distribution of goods, from raw material sourcing to final market distribution as
well as the related information flows.  Derived from Greek logistikos (responsible
for counting), the word is polysemic.  In the nineteenth century, the military
referred to it as the art of combining all means of transport, revictualling and
sheltering of troops.  In a contemporary setting, it refers to the set of operations
required for goods to be made available on markets or to specific locations.
70. MAGLEV.          Technology enabling trains to move at high speed above a
guideway on a cushion generated by magnetic force.
71. MANIFEST.          A list of the goods being transported by a carrier
72. MARITIME TERMINAL.          A designated area of a port, which includes but not
limited to wharves, warehouses, covered and open storage spaces, cold storage
plants, grain elevators, and bulk cargo loading and unloading structures,
landings, and receiving stations, used for the transmission, care and
convenience of cargo and/or passengers in the interchange of same between
land and water carriers or between two water carriers
73. MICROBRIDGE.          A cargo movement in which the water carrier provides a
through service between an inland point and the port of load/ discharge
74. MOBILITY.          The ease of a movement of a passenger or a unit of freight.  It
is related to transport costs as well as to the attributes of what is being
 transported (fragility, perishable, price).  Political factors can also influence
mobility such as laws, regulations, borders and tariffs.  When mobility is high,
activities are less constrained by distance.
75. MODE, TRANSPORT.          The physical way a movement is performed.
76. MONORAIL.         An electric railway in which a rail car or train of cars is
suspended from or straddles a guideway formed by a single beam or rail.  Most
monorails are either heavy rail or automated guideway systems.
77. MULTI-MODAL PLATFORM.  A physical converging point where freight and/or
passenger transshipment takes place between different modes of transportation,
usually a transport terminal.
78. MULTI-MODAL TRANSPORTATION.          The movements of passengers or
freight from an origin to a destination relying on several modes of transportation
using one ticket (passengers) or contract (freight).  Technically the same as
intermodal transportation, but represents an evolution requiring a higher level of
integration between the actors involved such as carriers ad terminal operators.
79. NARROW-BODY AIRCRAFT.          An aircraft with a single aisle for the
movement of passengers within the place
80. OCEANIC AIRSPACE.          Airspace over the oceans of the world considered
international airspace, where oceanic separation and procedures per the
International Civil Aviation Organization are applied.  responsibility fort he
provisions of air traffic control service in this airspace is delegated to various
countries, based generally upon geographic proximity and the availability of the
required resources
81. OFF-PEAK PERIOD.          Non-rush periods of the day when travel activity is
generally lower and less transit service is scheduled.  Also called the "base
period".
82. PEAK/BASE RATIO.  The number of vehicles operated in passenger or freight
service during the peak period divided by the number operated during the base
period.
83. POLICY (TRANSPORT).          The development of a set of constructs and
propositions that are established to achieve particular objectives relating to
social, economic, and environmental development, and the functioning and
performance of the transport system
84. PORT.          A harbor area in which are located marine terminal facilities for
transferring cargo between ships and land transportation
85. PORT AUTHORITY.          An entity of state or local government that owns,
operates or otherwise provides wharf, dock, and other marine terminal
investments at ports.
86. PORT OF ENTRY.          A port at which foreign goods are admitted into the
receiving country.  It also refers to an air terminal or land access point (customs)
where foreign passengers and freight can enter a country
87. PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION.          Passenger transportation services, usually
local in scope, that is available to any person who pays a prescribed fare.  It
operates on established schedules along designated routes or lines with specific
stops and is designed to move relatively large numbers of people at one time
88. RAILROAD.          All forms of non-highway ground transportation that run on
rails or electromagnetic guideways, including: 1) commuter or other short-haul
rail passenger service in a metropolitan or suburban area, and 2) high-speed
ground transportation systems that connect metropolitan areas, without regard to
whether they use new technologies not associated with traditional railroads.
89. RAIL, COMMUTER.          Railroad local and regional passenger train operations
between a central city, its suburbs and/or another central city. It may be either
locomotive-hauled or self-propelled and is characterized by multi-trip tickets,
specific station-to-station fares, employment practices and usually one or two
stations in the business district.  Also known as suburban rail.
90. RAIL, HIGH SPEED.          A rail transportation system with exclusive right-of-
way which serves densely traveled corridors at speeds 124 miles per hour (200
kmh) and greater.
91. RAIL, LIGHT.          An electric railway with a light volume traffic capacity
compared to heavy rail.  Light rail may be shared or exclusive rights-of-way , high
or low platform loading and multi-car trains or single cars.  Also known as
streetcar, trolly car and tramway.
92. RATE.          The price of transportation services paid by the consumer.  They are
the negotiated monetary cost of moving a passenger or a  unit of freight between
a specific origin and destination.  Rates are often visible to the consumers since
transport providers must provide this information to secure transactions.
93. RIDESHARING.          A form of transportation, other than public transit, in which
more than one person shares the use of the vehicle, such as a van or car, to
make a trip.  Also known as carpooling or vanpooling.
94. ROLL ON/ROLL OFF (RORO).          Ships that are specially designed to carry
wheeled containers, or other wheeled cargo, and use the roll-on/roll-off method
for loading and unloading.  
95. SHUTTLE.          A public or private vehicle that travels back and forth over a
particular route, especially a short route or one that provides connections
between transportation systems, employment centers, etc.
96. SITE.          The geographical characteristics of a specific location
97. TERMINAL.          Any location where freight and passengers either originates,
terminate, or is handled in the transportation process.  Terminals are central and
intermediate locations in the movements passengers and freight.They often
require specific facilities to accommodate the traffic they handle.
98. TRANSACTION COSTS.  Costs required for gathering information, negotiating,
and enforcing contracts, letters of credit and transactions.  Often referred to as
the cost of doing business
99. TRANSMODAL TRANSPORTATION.          The movements of passengers or
freight within the same mode of transport.  Although "pure" transmodal
transportation rarely exists and an intermodal operation is often required (e.g.
ship to dockside to ship), the purpose is to ensure continuity within the network.
100. TRANSPORT GEOGRAPHY.          A sub-discipline of geography
concerned about the mobility of passengers and freight.  It seeks to link spatial
constraints and attributes with the origin,  the destination, the extent, nature and
purpose of movements 
101. VESSEL.          Every description of watercraft used or capable of being
used as a means of transportation on the water
102. WATERWAY.          River, canal, lake or other stretches of water that by
natural or artificial features are suitable for navigation 
103. WHARF.          A landing place where vessels may tie up for loading and
unloading of cargo
104. WIDE-BODY AIRCRAFT.          A commercial aircraft with two aisles for
the movement of passengers