F12 Domen, Philine Leila G.

WW3 12 STEM G – Saint Gertrude

- Intellectual Property Rights

Intellectual property right are legal rights that protect an author’s original works
and there are many cases where these rights are violated. The first scenario is
Samsung’s use of Apple’s patented round corner design. When Samsung was
discovered using the same design on their own smartphones, the were ordered to pay a
hundred million patent infringement cases. We can tell that Samsung really violated
Apple’s intellectual property rights by copying the patented round corner designs without
asking for Apple’s permission. The second scenario is giving away copyright music that
isn’t one’s own for free is also a violation of the intellectual property rights of the original
creator of that specific musical work. Giving away something that is copyrighted and
without asking for the owner's permission is copyright because it is also a form of
stealing.

- Copyright
Copyright secures literary and artistic works, such as books and other works,
musical works, movies, works of art and other works, and computer programs. The first
scenario is the utilization of music in your videos. If you have not obtained permission
from the original creator to use a tune or musical piece in a video, you can be subjected
to a copyright infringement case. The second scenario is the use without proper
permission of a creator’s original photos on brochures, flyers, infographics, etc. You can
be charged with copyright infringement unless you purchase the photo or work of art or
pay the makers a specific amount. However, even after purchasing a photo or original
work, you can only publish or use the specific photo or work of art on platforms or works
that the original creator gave consent to.

- Fair Use
Fair use is the utilization of copyrighted work done for a constrained and
"transformative" reason, such as to comment upon, criticize, or spoof a copyrighted
work. Such employments can be done without consent from the original creator of the
copyrighted work. In other words, reasonable utilization could be a defense against a
claim of copyright infringement. The first scenario is a person checks out a commentary
from a copyrighted diary and then includes it on his web page. This use is not fair use
because no specific educational purpose can be guaranteed by putting the article on the
web; such conduct would arguably violate the copyright holder's right of public
distribution. If access to the web page is restricted and is given with reasonable purpose,
then it is more likely to be fair use. The second scenario is a professor wants to buy and
use a textbook for his class, but it is expensive. So, instead of buying it, he made a copy
for the whole class. This situation is not fair use since it is copied and not purchased;
any reproduced works and not bought are copyright. Using copyrighted works for
teaching cannot always guarantee a transformative reason.