Nama : Ferryanto

NIM : 2301875502
Kelas : Engineering Geology (LB43)

What is Natural Hazard?

Natural hazards are phenomena or extreme events that occur naturally and cause harm to
humans or can cause loss of life, extreme damage to property, and disrupt human activities.
But usually, the focus is on humans. Human activities can influence how often certain natural
hazards occur and how severe they are. For example, flooding can occur anywhere and is also
greatly influenced by human activities. Some hazards need climatic or tectonic conditions to
occur, for example tropical storms or volcanic eruptions.
Natural hazards can be classified into several broad categories: geological hazards,
hydrological hazards, meteorological hazards, and biological hazards.

Hazard Analysis of Earthquake in the Main Campus of

Indonesia University of Education

The location of the main campus of Indonesia University of Education are in Bandung,
West Java. It is stated that there are 28 regions in Indonesia which are highly prone to tectonic
earthquake, volcano and tsunami, including West Java (BNPB, 2011). The method used was
the literature study of which data were analyzed using the Geographic Information System
(GIS).
Location with the Earthquake Zone
Based on its location, the main campus of Indonesia University of Education is one of
the campuses that are prone to disasters, especially earthquake. To identify the risk, it can be
seen from the Earthquake Disaster Risk Index of Indonesia from the Indonesian National Board
for Disaster Management (in Indonesia it is called BNPB) and the Indonesian Ministry of
Public Works.
Potential, Frequency and Magnitude of Earthquake
One method to analyze the seismic activity of a region as a mitigation effort is to
analyze the relationship between its frequency and magnitude (Rohadi, 2015). The earthquake
source in the main campus of UPI is Lembang Fault. The activity of Lembang Fault has not
been well identified; hence, a more integrated study employing several methods to determine
the wave potential (Rasmid, 2014b).
Based on GPS data, Lembang Fault is an active fault and is proven by the fault shift activity
despite the small rate of 0.3 to 1.4 cm/year compared to the Indo-Australian plate to the
Eurasian plate shift activity of 6-7 cm/year.
Distance to the Earthquake Zone
Based on analysis using Google Earth, it is known that the closest distance to the main
campus of UPI Campus with Lembang Fault is 7 km and the farthest distance is 14km; on the
other hand, the distance of the main campus of UPI to Mount Tangkuban Parahu is 11.1 km.
The distance from the main campus of UPI to the earthquake zone is considered to be very
close, since it is less than 20 km.
Conclusion
The analysis of the earthquake zones, the potential frequency, and earthquake magnitude, and
the distance from the main campus of UPI to the earthquake zone shows that the danger level
is high.

Review on Tsunami Risk Reduction in Indonesia Based on Coastal and Settlement

Typology

Tsunami is a series of waves in a wave train, generated by sudden, vertical displacement

of a column of water. This displacement can be due to seismic activity, explosive volcanism, a
lanslide above or below water, an asteroid impact, or certain meteorological phenomena.
[Bryant, 2008]. Velocity of tsunami waves could reach 170 km/h, but when it reached the
superficial velocity decreases but the wave height increases. Tsunami may take casualties,
damage economic activity, as well as damage to the ecosystem in coastal areas.
This study was conducted to identify various coastal and settlement typology as the
basis to determine action plan for reducing tsunami risk. Comparative analysis was applied
through comparing different coastal and settlement typology at the selected coastal area,
considering the tsunami risk zones determined by the National Disaster Management Agency
(BNPB).
The Methods
Due to the lack of the structure of tsunami disaster mitigation in Indonesia, it is necessary to
create an alternative approach which is consistent with the characteristics of every region.
Tsunami mitigation action plan is one of the management plan. Similar documents for that
purpose is the National Action Plan for Disaster Risk Reduction (RAN-PRB) in a three-year
time frame.
In determining the level of priorities and program initiation action plans, matrix calculation
was applied for that purpose. Similar matrices can also be used to determine the threat level,
the level of capacity, loss rate, and the level of risk [BNPB, 2011]. The matrix connects the
two parameters and color difference indicates its level at every level. Coastal and settlements
typology identification were conducted by using satellite images.
Discussion and Conclusion
It is known that several cities located in the high risk tsunami area in Indonesia have a different
coastal profile. This is an indication that tsunami risk management must be applied by different
ways. In high priority level, surely the management must be better than in low priority level.
Risk management can be detailed into action plan. Based on the matrix component of the action
plan, it can be seen that each coastal area needs a different plan of action.
The results show that mitigation strategies can be distinguished in various coastal and
settlement typology for each priority area, i.e. in Mentawai megathrust, Sunda Strait and the
southern part of Java, Bali region and Nusa Tenggara, and Papua region.
 REFERENCES

https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog30/node/378
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zxh4wxs/revision/1
https://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/jpis/article/download/12426/pdf
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/ijg/article/view/28406/pdf