KHILAFAT MOVEMENT

1919
Started By Indian Muslims To Support Ottomans/Turkish
Muslims

Prepared by:
Ifrah Ali Khan 17k-3631
Obaid-ur-Rehman 17k-3848
Wajeeh Zahid 17k-3941
 OUTLINE
★ Background
★ Aims Of Movement
★ Actions Taken
★ Gandhi’s Non-Cooperation movement
★ Migration to Afghanistan (Hijrat Movement)
★ Moplah rebellion
★ Violence at Chauri Chaura
★ Failure of Movement
★ Impact of Khilafat Movement
 BACKGROUND
★ Ottoman Caliph ---------- Spiritual Leader Of Muslims.
★ Ottoman Empire included Holy Muslim sites : Makkah , Madina
and Jerusalem.
★ Defeat of World War I resulted in the control of Empire by
various countries : Istanbul by Russia , Cyprus by Britain.
★ Muslim Sites under threat.
★ In 1920 , Empire was abolished through The Treaty Of Sevres
(signed by Turkey).
★ Caliph Mehmed invited all the Muslims for Jihad and the Indian
Muslims initiated the Khilafat Movement.
LEADERS:
★ Following Indian Muslims led the movement:

➔ Maulana Muhammad Ali

➔ Maulana Shaukat Ali
➔ Maulana Abul Kalam Azad

AIMS OF THE MOVEMENT :

★ The movement was initiated under the following aims:
➔ To protect the Holy place of Turkey
➔ To restore the Territories of Turkey
➔ To restore the Ottoman Empire.
ACTIONS TAKEN
★ The leaders went to London and protested about European
Policy towards Islam.
★ Expressed Muslim’s feeling and point of view about foreign
rule in Islamic Sites of Arabia , Syria and Palestine.
KHILAFAT MOVEMENT AND GANDHI
★ Gandhi was invited to Khilafat meetings, became only non-
Muslim member of Executive Committee.
★ Gandhi invited Muslims to join his ‘satyagraha’ (Non-
Cooperation) against British.
★ Muslims joined enthusiastically and for the first time in Indian
history Hindu-Muslim unity was at its peak.
 GANDHI’S NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT
★ Under Gandhi’s satyagraha people:

➔ Boycotted British goods.

➔ Refused to pay taxes
➔ Went on strikes.
➔ Refused to join the army.
➔ Students left the British educational institutes.

★ Jinnah disapproved of Gandhi’s methods and resigned from

Congress in 1920.
 HIJRAT MOVEMENT (1920)
★ India declared as “Darul harab”.
★ 18000 Muslim peasants migrated .
★ They believed that British had made India unfit to live for
Muslims.
★ They expected to be welcomed by their Muslim brothers.
★ They travelled a long journey to reach Afghanistan.

BUT
★ They were not allowed to cross the borders.
★ They had no way back to India.
★ Immigrants were then homeless and doomed.
★ Many died on the way.
 MOPLAH REBELLION (1921)
★ Who were Moplah?
★ Action:
➔ Rose against British Rule and fought
British Soldiers.
➔ Declared a Khilafat Kingdom.
➔ Many Europeans were killed.
➔ Hindus were attacked and their houses/temples were
destroyed.
➔ Hindus were forced to convert to Islam.
★ British Action:
➔ Strict action was taken.
➔ 4000 Moplahs were killed.
➔ Many thousands were arrested.
BLAME WAS ON KHILAFAT MOVEMENT
 VIOLENCE AT CHAURI CHAURA
★ 21 policemen were burnt to death
★ Gandhi admitted his mistake.
★ Gandhi was arrested and put into
prison.
 FAILURE OF KHILAFAT MOVEMENT
★ Following became the reason for the
failure of the movement:
➔ Imprisonment of thousands of
Muslims.
➔ The incident of chauri-chaura.
➔ The decision to call off Non-
Cooperation movement.
➔ Abolishment of Khilafat in Turkey by
Kamal Ataturk.
➔ Lack of Afghan Government’s support.
IMPACTS OF KHILAFAT MOVEMENT
★ The movement had the following impacts:

➔ Hindu Muslim disunity.

➔ Reality of British was exposed.
➔ Awakening of Muslims.
➔ Beginning of Pakistan Movement.
 REFERENCES
★ The history and culture of Pakistan ~ Nigel Kelly
★ Introduction to Pakistan Studies ~ M. Ikram Rabbani
★ http://historypak.com/khilafat-movement-1919-1922/
★ http://www.cssforum.com.pk/386748-post13.html
THANK YOU