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Comparison of Solutions in Electrical Circuits Using Nodal and Mesh Analysis
Comparison of Solutions in Electrical Circuits Using Nodal and Mesh Analysis
Abstract—This paper presents solving electrical circuit
parameters using Nodal and Mesh analysis. It presents the III. NODAL ANALYSIS
calculations of a given circuit using the conventional methods and
the methods by inspection. This will serve as a guide for the
To solve for the unknown current using nodal analysis, we
students for their solutions in the given problem sets and need to find the node voltages first by using independent KCL
assignments and how to format their papers. equations. Then, apply Ohm’s law on the questioned branch to
determine its current. Figure 2 shows the assignment of node
Keywords— circuits by inspection, nodal analysis, mesh analysis voltages in the given circuit. The grounded node is set as the
reference.
I. INTRODUCTION
= + (2)
This manuscript is presented on February 6, 2021. the University Southeastern Philippines, Obrero, Davao City, 8000 (email:
The author is a lecturer in the Department of Electrical Engineering mjpisalazar@usep.edu.ph).
Education, University of Mindanao, Tagum City, Davao del Norte, 8100(email:
michael_salazar@umindanao.edu.ph). He is currently continuing professional .
education with a Master’s Degree in Electrical and Mechanical Engineering at
> Unpublished< 2
100 − 𝑣 = 4𝑣 − 4𝑣 + 2𝑣 (3) − 0 0 ⎤
⎡
⎢− + + − 0 ⎥
7𝑣 − 4𝑣 = 100 (4)
𝐆=⎢ ⎥ (17)
⎢0 − + + − ⎥
Applying KCL at Node 3 and removing its denominators, ⎢ ⎥
⎣0 0 − + ⎦
( )
8 + = + (5) Using the concept of Ohm’s law and applying this to the
equivalent conductance matrices, and the matrix vector of
240 + 15𝑣 − 15𝑣 = 10𝑣 + 3𝑣 − 3𝑣 (6) voltages and currents,
𝐆𝐕 = 𝐈 (18)
−15𝑣 + 28𝑣 − 3𝑣 = 240 (7)
Assigning unknown current vectors on voltage sources to
Applying KCL at Node 4 and removing its denominators, complete the matrix.
= 8+ (8)
⎡ − 0 0 ⎤
100 I
⎢− − 0 ⎥
𝑣 − 3𝑣 = 80 (9) ⎢ ⎥ 𝑣 0
= (19)
⎢0 − − ⎥ 𝑣 8
⎢ ⎥ 𝑣 −8
The final equations to be used for analysis are (4), (7), and (9).
These equations can now be used using different ⎣0 0 − ⎦
mathematical approaches to solve the node voltages of the
The elements of this matrix represent the equivalent KCL
given circuit. To eliminate v4, we need to substitute (9) to (7).
equations of the node voltages,
Resulting to:
(100) − 𝑣 = 𝐼 (20)
( )
−15𝑣 + 28𝑣 − = 240 (10)
− (100) + 𝑣 − 𝑣 = 0 (21)
−15𝑣 + 27𝑣 = 320 (11)
− 𝑣 + 𝑣 − 𝑣 =8 (22)
Eliminating one of the variables in (11) and (4) yields the node
voltages in question. Thus, the values are: − 𝑣 + 𝑣 = −8 (23)
As you can see, there are similarities in the equations made
𝑣 = V (12) using the conventional method, but in this case, I have not
assigned branch currents and “inspected” the circuit on each
𝑣 = V (13) node connections. I can then proceed into different
mathematical methods to solve the given circuit, yielding
𝑖 = (14)
𝑣 = V (25)
𝑖 = − A (15)
𝑣 = − V (26)
B. Nodal Analysis by Inspection 𝐼= A (27)
Using the inspection, first, find the number of KCL equations
using The values for (24) and (25) is the same as (12) and (13) and it
can be concluded that ix will still yield the same value since (14)
No. of KCL Equations = (n – 1) (16) is still used to find its value.
𝑖 =− A (39)
𝑖 =− A (41)
−4𝑖 + 9𝑖 − 3𝑖 = 0 (31) Using the concept of Ohm’s law on the resistance matrix and
the matrix vector currents and voltages,
3(𝑖 − 𝑖 ) + 10(𝑖 − 𝑖 ) + 5𝑖 = 0 (32)
𝑹𝑰 = 𝑽 (44)
−3𝑖 + 18𝑖 − 10𝑖 = 0 (33)
Assigning an unknown voltage on the current source yields
Since i4 has a current source connected through it, its value is
already known. 12 −4 0 0 𝑖 100
−4 9 −3 0 𝑖 0
= (45)
𝑖 = −8 A (34) 0 −3 18 −10 𝑖 0
0 0 −10 10 −8 𝑉
Substituting (34) to (33) yields
These matrix elements can be shown to be the equivalent mesh
−3𝑖 + 18𝑖 = −80 (35) equations of the given circuit,
The three equations to be solved will be (29), (31), and (35). 12𝑖 − 4𝑖 = 100 (46)
Converting these equations to the equivalent augmented matrix
yields −4𝑖 + 9𝑖 − 3𝑖 = 0 (47)
Using Cramer’s rule to calculate the values for each loop −10𝑖 + 10(−8) = 𝑉 (50)
current yields,
−10𝑖 − 𝑉 = −80 (51)
𝑖 = A (37)
> Unpublished< 4
(46), (47), and (49) are equal to (29), (31), and (35). This would
prove that the value that will be obtained for ix should be the
same.
VI. REFERENCES