ARTICLE II.

Election of President and Vice-President

Section 13. Regular Election for President and Vice-President

Section 13.1.—Constitutional Provisions

Art. VII, Sec. 4–President and Vice-President shall be elected by direct vote of the
people for a term of six years. President shall not be eligible for reelection while VP
shall not serve for more than two consecutive terms.

Section 13.2.—Synchronized elections

● RA No. 7056 (An Act Providing for National and Local Elections in 1992, Paving
the Way for Synchronized and Simultaneous Elections Beginning 1995 and
Authorizing Appropriations Therefore) was declared unconstitutional for being
violative of the Secs. 1 and 2, Art. XVIII of the Constitution because it provides
for holding a desynchronized election. (Osmena vs. Comelec)

Section 14. Special election for President and Vice-President

Section 14.1.—Constitutional Provisions

Art. VII, Sec. 10- The Congress shall enact a law calling for a special election to elect a
President and a Vice-President to be held not earlier than forty-five days nor later than
sixty days from the time of such call. No special election shall be called if the vacancy
occurs within eighteen months before the date of the next presidential election.

Section 15. Canvass of votes for President an Vice-President by the provincial or

city board of canvassers

Section 16. Counting of votes for President and Vice-President by the Batasang
Pambansa (Congress)

Section 16.1.—Constitutional Provisions.

Art. VII, Sec. 4- The returns of every election for President and Vice-President duky
certified by BOC, shall be transmitted to the Congress, directed to the President of the
Senate. Upon receipt of the certificates of canvass, the President of the Senate shall,
not later than thirty days after the day of the election, open all the certificates in the
presence of the Senate and the House of Representatives in joint public session, and
the Congress, upon determination of the authenticity and due execution thereof in the
manner provided by law, canvass the votes.

Section 17. Correction of errors in certificates and supporting statement already

transmitted to the Speaker (Senate President)

Section 18. Preservation of ballot boxes, their keys, and disposition of their
contents.
Section 19. When certificate of canvass is incomplete or bears erasures or
alteration

Section 19.1.—Amending statutes.

Section 20. Proclamation of the President-elect and Vice-President-elect

Section 20.1.—Constitutional provisions

Section 20.2.—Presidential Electoral Tribunal

Section 20.3.—Illustrative case

1. Santiago v. Ramos, 253 SCRA 55 (1996)

Section 20.4.—Comment.
2. Santiago v. Ramos, 253 SCRA 55 (1996)—see dissent of Justice Puno

ARTICLE III. Election of Members of the Batasang Pambansa (Congress)

Section 21. Regular election of Members of the Batasang Pambansa (Congress)

Section 21.1.—Comment

Section 21.2.—Related Executive Order

Section 21.3.—Electoral tribunals

3. Garcia v. HRET, 312 SCRA 353 (1999)
4. Loyola v. HRET, 229 SCRA 90 (1994)
5. Lazatin v. HRET, 168 SCRA 391 (1988)
6. Arroyo v. HRET, 316 SCRA 464 (1995)
7. Sandoval v. HRET, G.R. No. 149380, July 3, 2002

Section 22. Special election for Members of the Batasang Pambansa (Congress)
**Repealed by Constitution, Art. VI, Section 9 and R.A. 7166, Section 4, par. 2

Section 22.1.—Constitutional provisions

Section 22.2.—Amending statutes

Section 23. Composition of the Batasang Pambansa (Congress)

**Repealed by Constitution, Art. VI, Sections 1, 2, and 5
Section 23.1.—Constitutional provisions

Section 24. Appointment of representatives

Section 24.1.—Constitutional provisions
Section 24.2.—Additional members

Section 25. Voting by province and its components cities, by highly urbanized
city or by district in Metropolitan Manila

Section 26. Sectoral representatives

Section 26.1.—Constitutional provision

Section 26.2.—Amending statutes

Section 26.3.—Party-list guidelines

8. Ang Bagong Bayani-OFW Labor Party v. Comelec, G.R. No. 147589, June
26, 2001
9. Barangay Association for National Advancement and Transparency
(BANAT) v. Comelec, G.R. No. 179271, July 8, 2009
10. Bayan Muna v. Comelec, G.R. No. 179295, July 8, 2009
11. Veterans Federation Party v. Comelec, G.R. No. 136781
12. Ang Bagong Bayani-OFW Labor Party v. Comelec, G.R. No. 147589, June
26, 2001

Section 27. Scope of the sectors

**Repealed by Constitution, Art. VI, Section 5 and R.A. No. 7941, Section 9-13

Section 27.1.—Constitutional Provisions

Section 27.2.—Amending statutes

Section 28. Selection of sectoral representatives

**Repealed by Constitution, Art. VI, Section and R.A. No. 7941, Section 9-13

Section 28.1.—Constitutional provisions

Section 28.2.—Amending statutes