Professional Documents
Culture Documents
112 Formulae
112 Formulae
(May be detached)
n
Moment of Inertia: I mi ri 2 r 2 dm , Parallel Axis Theorem: I h I cm Mh 2
i 1
d 2 d 2x
Simple Harmonic Motion: 2
o
2
0 or 2
o 0 or 2
o2 x 0
dt dt
d
(Note that o is angular frequency; not the same as the angular velocity, )
dt
2 1
Period of Simple Harmonic Motion: T , o 2 f , f
o T
x(t ) A cos(ot ), v(t ) o A sin(ot ), a(t ) o2 A cos(o t ) o2 x(t )
g Mgh k
o (simple pendulum), o (physical pendulum), o (spring)
I m
d 2 d 2x
r F , rF sin rF r F , I I 2 , F ma m 2
dt dt
F kx (Hooke’s Law), (torsion spring)
1 1 1
Kinetic energy = I cm 2 Mvcm 2
(rotation & translation) or I 2 for a fixed axis
2 2 2
1 1
U spring kx 2 , U torsion 2 , U grav mgy
2 2
y ( x, t ) A sin kx t ; k 2 / ; v / k f ; v T / (on a string)
v vD
fbeat f1 f 2 ; f f
v vS
f
Work done by force: W F d , P F v or by torque: W d , P
i
WNet K K f K i , K f U f K i U i Wnc
Kinetic friction: f k k N ; Static friction: 0 f s s N
QQ QQ 1
Coulomb’s Law: F 1 2 2 k 1 2 2 , k 8.99 109 Nm 2 / C 2
4 o r r 4 o
F (acting on q)
Electric field: E ;
q
Q kQ
For a point charge Q located at the origin: E rˆ 2 rˆ
4 o r 2
r
Q kQ
Absolute potential at r from point charge Q: V
4 o r r
1 Qi Q
V Vi k i
i 4 o i ri i ri
QQ QQ
Potential energy of Q1 and Q2 separated by r12: U 1 2 k 1 2
4 o r12 r12
1 Qi Q j QQ
U
4 o i j rij
k i j
i j rij
Potential energy of Q where potential is V: U QV
f
V V f Vi E d , Ex V / x, E y V / y, Ez V / z
i
Temperature dependence: o 1 (T To ) or R Ro 1 (T To )
Kirchhoff’s Loop Rule: The algebraic sum of the changes in potential encountered in a
complete traversal of a closed loop in any circuit must be zero.
Kirchhoff’s Junction Rule: The sum of the currents entering any junction must be equal to the
sum of the currents leaving that junction.
n n
1 1
Req R j , n resistances in series; , n resistances in parallel.
j 1 Req j 1 R j
F Q E v B , F I B , dF I d B
mv 2 m
R radius of trajectory of Q moving with v B , period of motion T
QB QB
dx dx 1 x
x a ln x a ,
x
3/2 2 1/2
2
a2 a x2 a2
dx
x2 a2
ln x x 2 a 2 , x 2
dx
a 2
1 x
tan 1
a a
xdx 1 xdx
, x2 a2
x
3/2
2
a 2
x a
2 2
x a
2 2
1
For small , sin tan , cos 1 2 1 ( in radians)
2
sin sin cos cos sin , cos cos cos sin sin
sin( ) sin( ) 2sin cos
2 2
ln(ab) ln a ln b, ln a / b ln a ln b
103 milli m
106 micro
109 nano n
1012 pico p